新目标英语八年级情态动词讲解以及随堂练习.doc

第十四课时总结
名词量的修饰，祈使句以及5个知识点
名词量的修饰掌握的很好，可数不可数区分的熟练。
祈使句 重点要求记忆 否定句以及反意疑问句，let's shall we
4个知识点以及扩展 like need turn add
第十五课时
检查7,9单元单词 第八单元课文中的短语
课前检查
1. 当我空闲的时候，我喜欢听歌。
_____________________________________________________________________
2. 我偶尔喜欢打篮球。
_____________________________________________________________________
3. 我很喜欢她。
_____________________________________________________________________
4. 我需要一台电脑。
_____________________________________________________________________
5. 他需要去购买一台电脑。
_______________________________________________________________________
6. 这个电脑需要修理。
_____________________________________________________________________
7. 我妈妈需要我去帮她打扫房子。
____________________________________________________________________
8. 把电视声音调低点。
____________________________________________________________________
9. 他拒绝了她的邀请。
____________________________________________________________________
10. 把生菜加到三明治里。
___________________________________________________________________
11. 把这些分数加起来，我就得100分。
_____________________________________________________________________
12. 请打开窗户。
_______________________________________________________________________
13. 请关上灯。
_____________________________________________________________________
14. 打开窗户，玛丽。
_____________________________________________________________________
15. 我们一起去购物，好吗？
______________________________________________________________________
新授课
情态动词
1. 概念
情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态，如需要，可能，意愿和怀疑等，有一定的词义，但是不完整，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。
常见的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, have to, ought to, need, dare, shall, will, should, would, 等。我们需要掌握的有 can/could, may/might, mus,t shall/should, will/would, need, have to
2. 特征
1) 有一定的词义，但不完整，不能单独作谓语，它们和实义动词或连系动词一块连用，构成谓语。
He must be there.
2) 除have to外，其他没有人称和数的变化。
3) 有些情态动词没有过去式，如must，有些有过去式，如can-could, may-might, shall-should, will-would, have-had to.
4) 情态动词后接动词原形。
5) 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待，估计某事的发生，或说话者对某一动作或状态的态度。
Mary can speak a little English.
We must hurry up,
3. 情态动词的否定形式
一般在他们的后面直接加not
4. can 用于提出邀请
1) 用can提出邀请，其肯定回答常有
Yes, I'd love to.
Sure, I'd love to.
Sure. That sounds great.
2) 用can提出邀请，其否定回答常有。
Sorry, I can't.
I'm sorry, I can't.
I'm afraid not.
I'd love to, but….
could可以作为can的过去式，也可以在提出请求时表示委婉。
He could save the little boy.
Could you help me?
can和could的用法
a. 表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。如：
Can you finish this work tonight?
Man cannot live without air.
— Can I go now? — Yes, you can.
注意：
1)could也可表示请求，预期委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应用can（即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）。如：
Could I e to see you tomorrow?
Yes, you can. （否定答语可用No, I’m afraid not.）
2)can表示能力时，还可用be able to代替。如：
I’ll not be able to e this afternoon.
b. 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）
Can this be true?
How can you be so careless!
This cannot be done by him.
3. “can(could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。如：
He cannot have been to that town.
Can he have got the book?
May
1)may表示“许可、准许”可以互换使用You may/can go to the cinema this evening.
☆注意：表许可时其答语可以用“Yes,you may.”但是由于用may做肯定回答语气显得生硬、严肃，因此
一般用Yes, please. /Certainly. / Of course.这些回答显得热情、客气。拒绝对方时，其答语可以用No, you mustn't. / No, you can't. / Sorry, you can't. / No, please don't
--May I e in?
--Yes, please
--May I use your ruler?
--Certainly. Here you are.
2)表示可能性时，常用在肯定句中，意为“可能、也许”
He may be very busy now.
He said that she might not be at work today.
3) can和may都可以表示推测。can通常用在否定句和疑问句中，may通常用在肯定句和否定句中。虽然两者都可以用于否定句，但是程度不同，can't的语气比may not更强。
It can't be true.
It may not be true.
4) 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可以译为“祝愿”
May you have a good time.
May you be happy.
may和might的用法
1. 表示许可。
表示请求、允许时，might比many的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustn’t表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。如：
You may drive the car.
— Might I use your pen? — No, you mustn’t.
a. 用May I ... 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中，用Can I ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。
b. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如：
May you succeed!
c. 表示推测、可能（疑问句不能用于此意）。
He may be very busy now.
d. “may(might) + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。如：
He may not have finished the work.
must和have to的用法
must
a. 表示必须、必要。如：
You must e in time.
回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn't，而要用needn't或don't have to。
—Must we hand in our exercise books today?
—Yes, you must. (No, you don't have to.)
b.“must be + 表语”的结构表示推测，它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。
This must be your pen.
c.“must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。(还没学)
He must have been to Shanghai.
d. have to的含义与must相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to有各种形式，随have的变化而定。
must与have to有下列几点不同：
a. must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。如：
The play is not interesting. I really must go now.
I had to work when I was your age.
b. must一般只表现在，have则有更多的时态形式。
c. 二者的否定意义不大相同。如：
You mustn't go. 你可不要去。
You don't have to go. 你不必去。
d. 询问对方的意愿时应用must。如：
Must I clean all the room?
need 表示需要或必须，常用于疑问句或否定句中。
“need”既可以作情态动词，也可以作实义动词或名词，但是它们的用法不同：
a. need作情态动词的用法：
need用作情态动词时表“必须，必要”的意思，后直接跟动词原形,且need无人称、数的变化（第三人称单数不加s），也没有非谓语形式（不定式、分词）。
注意：need用作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句中。例：
Need he bring his laptop tomorrow? 明天他必须带他的笔记本过来吗？
e on, you needn't worry about it because it's not your fault.
行啦，你不必担心的，因为那不是你的错。
She needn't have arrived so early, need she?
她本不必到得这么早，不是吗？
注意：must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答必须使用needn't。例：
-- Must I leave? 我必须离开吗？
-- No, you needn't. 不，你不必离开。
b. need作实意动词的用法：
1)need + something 需要某物
例：I need some fruits to eat. 我需要些水果来吃。
2)need to do something 需要做某事
例：You don't need to have the bike repaired right away.
你不必马上去修车。
3)need doing = need to be done 需要……（表示被动）
例：The room needs cleaning = The room needs to be cleaned.
房间需要打扫了。
4)need somebody to do something 需要某人做某事
例：I need someone to help me out of this problem.
我需要找人来帮助我解决这个问题。
c. need作名词的用法：
need用作名词时，既可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。
主要常用句型如下：

(There's) no need to do something 没必要做某事
例：There's no need to cover such a long distance.
没必要走那么远的距离。
There's no need for me to break the window because I have the key. 我没必要打破窗户因为我有钥匙。
No need to run since we're not pressed for time.
不必跑啦，我们又不赶时间。
也可以单独使用：There's no need. 意思是“没有必要”。
Should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to。如：
You should go to class right away.
Should I open the window?
Should的含义较多，用法较活，现介绍三种其特殊用法。请看下面的句子：
I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。
You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看，你是搞错了。
I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是劝你别这样做。
This is something I should have liked to ask you. 这是我本来想问你的。
从以上例句可以看出：情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。
Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语由should加动词原形构成，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如：
Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她，请让她给我打个xx。
If you should change your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意，请通知我们。
Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will e. 万一我明天有时间，我就来。
此外，Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。如：
Why should you be so late today? 你几天怎么来得这么晚？
— Where is Betty living? — 贝蒂住在哪里？
— How should I know? — 我怎么会知道呢？
I don’t know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。

will 可以表示意愿，意图和决心。
will和would的用法
a. 表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。如：
Would you pass me the book?
b. 表示意志、愿望和决心。如：
I will never do that again.
They asked if we would do that again.
c. 用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。如：
This will be the book you want.
He will have arrived by now.
The guests would have arrived by that time.
I thought you would have finished this by now.
d. Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某中倾向。Would表过去习惯时比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：
The wound would not heal.
During the vacation he would visit me every week.
e. 表料想或猜想。如：
It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there?
I thought he would have told you all about it.

随堂练习
( )1.—— “Can you go to the movie with me tonight?”
——“Sorry, _____.”
A. I can B. I do C. I can't D. I don't
( )2. “I can't stop smoking, doctor.”
“For your health, I think you _____.”
A. can B. need C. must D. have to
( )3. “Would you like to e to my party?” “Sure, _____.”
A. I would B. I like C. please D. I'd love to
( )4. ---Can you stay here longer?
---_____.But I have to be back tomorrow.
A. I'd love to B. I'm afraid not C. I'm sorry, I can't. D. No, thanks.
( )5.--- What about_____a rest?
---Let's go for a walk.
A. to take B. take C. taking
( )6. ---Would you like_____camping with me?
---I'd like to. But I'm busy_____with my homework.
A. to go; to do B. to go; doing C. going; to do D. going; doing
( )7. “Must I clean the classroom right now?” “_____. You can do it after lunch.”
A. Yes, you must B. No, you mustn't C. Yes, you need D. No, you needn't
( )8. “Can you e to my birthday party?” “_____, but I have to look after my sister.”
A. I'd love to B. Yes, I can C. Sorry, I can't D. Sure, I can
( )9. My bike is broken today, and I _____ go to school on foot.
A. can B. must C. have to D. should
( )10. Excuse me. Please speak louder, I _____ hear you.
A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. shouldn't
( )11. He is a Canadian. He _____ speak English and French.
A. must B. can C. may D. should
( )12. You _____ play soccer in the street, boys.
A. can't B. don't have to C. needn't D. mustn't
( )13. I had too much work to do last night. I didn't go to bed_____one o'clock.
A. in B. until C. for
( )14. He _____ speak a little English at the age of 5.
A. can B. could C. must D. has to
( )15. “Can you finish the work this afternoon?” “_____.”
A. Yes, I can B. Yes, I do C. Yes, I must D. Yes, I need
( )16. They will invite some famous singers _____ us a concert next week.
A. will give B. to give C. giving D. give
( )---___you sing an English song?
---Yes, I can.
A. Can B. May C. Must D. Need
( )18. “I can't go to your birthday party. My mother is ill in hospital.” “_____.”
A. That's all right B. Don't worry about it
C. I'm sorry to hear that D. You have to look after her
( )19. He has a cold today, so he_____stay at home.
A. have to B. has C. has to D. have
( )20. Would you like _____ green tea?
A. some more B. any more C. another D. one more
练习
( )1. I won't go to your party. Jim won't go, _____.
A. too B. also C. either D. so
( )2. _____ this set of keys is your brother's.
A. May be B. Maybe C. May D. Can
( )3. Mary _____ to do her homework until her mother es back.
A. will begin B. began C. won't begin D. didn't begin
( )4. You mustn't go off on your own, because you_____get lost in the mountains.
A. should B. must C. might D. need
( )5. I'm sorry I can go with you. I have _____ work to do today.
A. too many B. many too C. too much D. much too
( )6. " _____?" "It's Wednesday."
A. What's the time B. What's the date? C. What day is today D. What's today
( )7. "_____?" "It's half past nine."
A. What's the time B. What's the date?
C. What day is today D. What's today
( )8. "_____?" "It's Thursday, October 22nd."
A. What's the time B. What's the date?
C. What day is today D. What's today
( )9. "_____?" It's October 27th."
A. What's the time B. What's the date?
C. What day is today D. What's today
( )10. "Hi, John. Can you play tennis with me?" "_____? I'd love to."
A. When B. Why C. How D. What
( )11. _____ your classmates to your birthday party next Friday, please.
A. Invitation B. Inviting C. Invite D. To invite
( )12. This T-shirt is too small for me. Please show me _____ one.
A. another B. the other C. other D. the others
( )13. The weather in Shanghai is different from _____ in Beijing.
A. one B. it C. that D. this
( )14. I _____ my pen at home. Can I use yours?
A. forgot B. left C. missed D. lost
( )15. For _____ did you buy the present yesterday?
A. who B. whom C. whose D. who's
三 按要求变换句型
1. I also invited Tom to my party. (同义句转换）I invited Tom to my party______ ________.
2. 她也许正在给她的同学发送邮件呢。__________________________________________
3. I'm trying to study for the math test.(就划线部分提问)______ are you trying _______ ______?
4. 对不起，后天我不能同你一起去看电影。
I'm sorry I can't go to the movie with you __________ __________ __________ __________.
5. 祝你过得愉快。 _________________________________________
6. Today is Friday the eighth. (对划线提问)__________________________________________.
7.. 我得呆在家里照看我的妹妹。I ______ _____ stay at home to _______ ______ my sister.
8. 你能打开电视机吗？___________________________________________
9. 没有必要担心水污染。________________________________________________
10.下星期你能和我一起出去闲逛一下吗？Can you_____ _____with me next week?
11. 我不能加入你们因为我有太多的作业要做。
I __________ __________ you because I have __________ __________ homework to do.
12. She did homework last night.(否定)_______________________________________
13. Why not go to school?(同义句)________________________________________________