新广州牛津版初一英语上册知识汇总及练习.doc

Unit 1 Making Friends知识目标高频词German，blog，grammar，sound，plete，hobby，county，age，dream，everyone，Germany，mountain，elder，friendly，engineer，world，Japan，flat，yourself高频词组close to ，go to school，（be）good at，make friends with，all over，Id like to=would like to语法1. 知道what，where，who，how old，when，why，how，which，how many的含义。2. 能用以上的特殊疑问词来提问，并能回答问题；3. 知道不定冠词a，an的含义4. 能在句子中准确地运用冠词。【单词要点】1.German 作形容词时意为“德国的，德国人的，德语的”；作名词时，表示“德国人”，是可数名词，其复数形式在其后加s，表示“德语”是不可数名词。2.everyone 每个人。作主语时，be动词用单数 e.g.Everyone is here. 人都到齐了。辨析everyone与every oneeveryone每个人只指人其后不能接of短语every one每一个既可指人，也可指物其后可与of短语连用3.favourite 最喜欢的Favourite通常用来作定语，没有比较级和最高级形式，在含义上相当于like best。Whats ones favourite.?=What.does/do sb. like best?4.dream 作可数名词时，意为“梦想”。还可意为“梦，睡梦”。 dream还可用作动词，意为“梦想，做梦”，常用于dream of/about（doing)sth.结构意为“梦见/想（做）某事”。e.g.I never dream of/about happiness like this. 我从来没想到会这样幸福。5.elder adj.年长的，与younger相对。辨析elder与olderelder用来表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系常用作定语都是old的比较级older泛指新旧、老幼或年龄的大小关系可用作表语或定语 e.g.My elder brother is one year older than me.6.friendly adj.友好的。be friendly to sb. 意为“对某人友好”。friendly 虽然以-ly结尾，但它的词性是形容词，而不是副词。类似的形容词还有：lovely可爱的 lonely 孤独的 lively 生动的Ugly丑的 silly 傻的 daily 每日的7.many adj.许多的；也可作代词，意为“许多”。e.g.There are many students in the school yard.在校园里有许多学生。Many of us think so.我们中有很多人这样认为。辨析：many，much与a lot of/lots ofmany修饰可数名词复数many cars many peoplemuch修饰不可数名词much water much time a lot of/lots of修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词a lot of cars/water8.want 及物动词，意为“想要”，常见句型结构有：want +名词想要.I want an apple.want +动词不定式想要做某事I want to go there.want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事He wants me to go.9.enjoy 及物动词，意为”喜欢，享受.”，后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。10.need作实义动词时，意为“需要”,有人称、数和时态的变化，其后常接名词、代词或不定式作宾语。need to do sth. 需要做某事。e.g.We need some water.作情态动词时，意为“需要”，无时态和人称的变化，常用于疑问句和否定句中，其后跟动词原形。need 用于一般疑问句是，肯定回答用must，否定回答用neednt。回答以must开头的问句，作否定回答时一般用neednt。e.g.Need he sweep the floor now?他需要现在扫地吗？Yes，he must./No,he neednt.11. other 另外的，其他的。后接单数或复数名词。e.g.My other hobbies are watching TV and reading books.辨析other，the other，others，the others 与another other泛指“其他的人或物”可作形容词或代词e.g.Do you have any other question?the other指两者中的另一个e.g.He lives on the other side of the river.others指（三者以上）其余的人（物）作主语、宾语e.g.Give me some others，please。the others特指某一范围内的“其他的”作主语e.g.Two boys will go to the zoo，and the others will stays at home。Ex.Lily and her sister look the same. I cant tell one from . A.other B.the others C.the other D.others【短语要点】1. play basketball 打篮球。在英语中，表示进行某种球类运动时，直接用“play+表示球类的单数名词”即可，在球类运动名词前不加任何冠词。Play后接西洋乐器类名词时，表示“演奏.”，在西洋乐器类名词前必须加定冠词the。Ex. Bill likes playing volleyball,but he doesnt like playing piano.A. the;the B./;the C.the;/2. be good at意为“擅长.”，后接名词、代词或动名词，同义词组为do well in。表示“不擅长.”或“在某方面做得不好”，用be bad/poor at./do badly in./be weak in.。辨析be good at,be good for与be good tobe good at擅长Jenny is good at dancing.be good for对.有好处Vegetables are good for us.be good to对.好Our teachers are very good to us.Ex. 1）English is my favourite subject,and I am good it. A.for B.to C.at D.of2） Amy is good at . A.swim B.swimming C.swiming D.swims 3.look like 表示“看起来像.”look是感官动词，后面跟形容词。look也可以和like搭配，表示“看起来像.”，后面跟名词。e.g.You look so beautiful today. e.g.The hill looks like an elephane.4.by school bus 意为“乘校车”by+表示交通工具的单数名词，构成表示交通方式的介宾短语，意为“乘坐/骑.”。 by bicycle骑自行车 by taxi坐出租车 by car 乘小汽车 by bus 乘公共汽车 by train坐火车 by plane坐飞机“by+交通工具名词”在句中作方式状语，提问时用疑问副词how。5.take the bus意为“乘公共汽车”辨析take与bytake动词都有“搭乘”之意take后的交通工具前应加限定词作谓语by介词by后的交通工具前不加限定词作状语e.g.I take the bus to school.= I go to school by bus.6.answer to these questions 意为“这些问题的答案”介词to在此表示归属或附加，意为“归于，属于”。the key to the door门的钥匙 the bridge to the knowledge通往知识的桥the way to school 去学校的路7.lots of = a lot of 意为“许多的，大量的”。辨析lots of/a lot of与a lotlots of/a lot of大量的常用在名词前作定语，表示数量，a lot大量，非常可作主语、表语、宾语或状语，但不能修饰名词。e.g.They need lots of milk everyday.Mr Green knows a lot about China.（作宾语）Monkeys like eating bananas a lot.（作状语）8.hope to do sth.意为“希望做某事”，动词不定时作宾语。e.g.I hope to be your friend.相关结构：hope for盼望，期待。e.g.We hope for the best. hope+(that)从句. 希望.e.g.I hope that they win the match！10.hear from 意为“收到.的来信”，相当于get/recrive a letter from.。e.g.Itt great to hear from you.11. a boy called Bruce 一名叫布鲁斯的男孩called是call的过去分词。过去分词短语called Bruce作后置定语，修饰名词boy。called在此处相当于named。【用法集萃】1. listen to 听 2.close to接近 3.all over the world 全世界4. far away from远离 5.pay attention to注意 6.start with以.开始7. on the Internet 8.in English 用英语 9.learn about了解10. tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事 11.wele to 欢迎光临12. be from = e from 来自 13.make friends with sb.与某人交朋友14. like/enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 15.live in居住在.16. would like to do sth.想做某事 17.would like sb. to do sth.想某人做某事Exercises：1）Id like you for a picnic with us. A.go B.to go C.going D.went2）The students in Class Two like sports. A.playing B.paly C.plays D.played3）There a pencil and two rulers in the pencil-box. A.are B.is C.be D.have4）Linda wants basketball with us this afternoon. A.play B.to play C.plays D.playing5）Do you know the girl Amy? A.call B.calls C.called D.calling6）Where your Englis teacher e from? A.is B.are C.do D.does7）Its very hard for us to work out the answer the question. A.in B.of C.on D.to8）Do you want tennis with me on Saturday morning? A.to play B.play C.playing9）Do you enjoy English in our class,Mr Green? A.teach B.taught C.to teach D.teaching10）Lisa is a little poor at Chinese.I think she needs it every day. A.practise to speak B.to practise speaking C.practise speaking11）What does your new school ? A.like B.look C.look like D.looks like12）She looks very in her new dress. A.beauty B.beautiful C.beautifully D.more beautiful13）Her mother goes to work bus every morning. A.by B.at C.on D.in【句子要点】1. My dream is to be an engineer.我的梦想是成为一名工程师。本句是一个“主语+连系动词+表语”结构的句子，动词不定式短语在句中作表语。这类句子的主语通常是dream，work，task等名词。e.g.Our work is to cleam the classroom.Your task is to get all the balls back.2. What does your father/mother do? 你父亲/母亲是做什么工作的？询问某人现在从事何种职业或做什么工作，常用“What do/does+sb.+do?”句型。询问职业的其他句型还有：What + be + sb.？/What is sb.s job？/What do/does + sb.+want to be?3. Below are some reference books.下面是一些参考书。本句是一个倒装句。below作副词，意为“在下面”，与above相对。e.g.Look at the pictures below.看下面的图片。below还可作介词，意为“在.下方”，可指位置、程度、数量等、e.g.The boat is below the bridge.船位于桥的下方。【语法专项】一、 特殊疑问句1. 定义：特殊疑问句是指以who，what，whose，which，when，where，why，how等疑问句开头，对陈述句中某一部分提问的句子。回答时，不用yes或no，而是用一个句子或短语。what通常用来对职业或事物提问，表示“什么，什么事”who通常用来对人提问，表示“谁”when通常用来对时间提问，表示“什么时候”where通常用来对地点提问，表示“哪里”which通常用来对待定范围内的人或物提问，表示“哪一个”whose通常用来对所属关系提问，表示“谁的”why通常用来对原因提问，表示“为什么”how通常用来对方式提问，表示“如何”how old通常用来对年龄提问，表示“几岁”how many通常用来对数量提问，表示“多少”，后面跟可数名词的复数形式how much通常用来对金钱提问，表示“多少钱”2.句型结构 特殊疑问句的结构为：疑问词+ 一般疑问句？具体有以下两种情况：（1） 疑问词 + be + 主语（+其他）？e.g.Who is your teacher？How old is your brother？Where are my books?Why is he late?（2） 疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 行为动词（+ 其他）？e.g.What does your father do?Why do you like English?How many books do you have?（3） 当主语是疑问代词who，whose，what,which或由疑问代词修饰主语时，句子应用陈述语序（主语和谓语不倒装）。e.g.Who likes playing footbal?Which train leaves for Beijing?Exercises:（ ）1) do you speak English so well? Because I practice it with my partner every day. A.Why B.When C.Who（ ）2) is Jeremy Lin? He is a famous Harvard-educated,Asian-American NBA basketball player. A.Where B.What C.Why D.How old（ ）3） do you go to work every day？ By bike. A.What B.Who C.How D.When（ ）4） can we find your brother at weekends? On the football field. A.When B.Which C.Why D.Where（ ）5） is her favourite subject？ Her favourite subject is art. A.Why B.When C.Who D.What二、不定冠词 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词前面，帮助说明名词的含义。它分为不定冠词（a，an）和定冠词（the）两种。本单元主要学习不定冠词a和an的用法。1. a和an的用法（1）用于可数名词的单数形式前，指人或事物的某一类An elephant is heavy.（2）指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物A reporter wants to see you.（3）表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈I have a mouth,a nose,two eyes.（4）表示每一，用在表示时间、速度、价格的名词前，相当于everyI go to school five days a week.（5）用于某些固定词组中a little,a lot of,a few2. a 和 an的区别a用于读音以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于读音以元音音素开头的单词前。 e.g.an antor a doctor an apple 注：hour, honest 等单词以及f,h,l,m,n,s,x等辅音字母，发音是以元音音素开头的，所以当它们前面需加不定冠词时用an；相反，useful,university,European等单词的发音却是以辅音音素开头，当它们前面需加不定冠词时用a。 e.g.a university an hourExercises：（ ）1）Excuse me，is this egg？ No，its cake. A.an;a B.a;a C.a;an D.an;an（ ）2）There is “u”and “h” in the word “hour”. A.an;an B.a;a C.an;a D.a;an（ ）3）Be careful！There is dog lying on the ground. Thanks a lot. A.a B.an C.the D./Unit 2知识目标高频词daily,article,never,table tennis,ride,usually,so,seldom,guitar,geography,bell,ring,end,band,practice,together,market,break,grade高频词组junior high school,on foot,take part in,have a good time,go to bed,get up语法1. 认识一般现在时的基本用法；2. 了解行为动词在第三人称单数后需加“s”或“es”等变化；3. 学会一般现在时的肯定句、疑问句和否定句的句式；4. 在具体情景中能准确地运用频度副词：always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，never。【单词要点】1.love 热爱，喜欢love后面可以接动词的-ing形式和动词不定式，构成句型love doing sth.或love to do sth.，意为“喜欢做某事”。 love doing sth强调习惯性的动作，而love to do sth.强调某一次特定的动作。可与like互换。2.so 因此，所以在连接表示原因和结果的两个句子时，so后面的句子表示结果，与前面表示原因的句子往往用逗号分开。e.g.I am tired,so I want to have a break.3.辨析watch,look,see与readwatch观看，注视指全神贯注地看。看电视、看戏、看比赛、看实验以及各种表演等watch TVwatch a game/matchlook看，望指动作的过程，表示有意识地集中精力看，但不一定看见，不强调看的结果，其后接宾语时要加介词atlook at 看 look for寻找look after照顾look up 查寻，查阅see看见，看到主要强调动作的结果，但不一定是有意识地看，其后可直接跟名词或代词作宾语see a movie 看电影see a doctor看医生read阅读，读懂主要指看书、看报、看杂志read newspaper看报4.At about 5:30pm. 大约在下午5:30 介词at此处表示时间，意为“在”。辨析at，in与onat在具体的钟点前at twelve oclockin泛指在上午、下午或晚上在年、月或季节前in the morning,in 2013in January,in springon在具体日期前；在星期几前；在节日前；在具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上前；在有限定词的上午、下午或晚上前on Sunday afternoon;on Mondayon the morning of July 7th;on a cold winter morning5.arrive 到达 arrive不及物动词，后面跟地点名词时，应加介词in或at。大地方用in，小地方用at。【短语要点】1.once or twice a week 每周一两次。 在英语表示频率的表达中，表示“一次”用“once”，“两次”用“twice”，若次数为“三次或三次以上”时则用“基数词+times”，此时time是可数名词，意为“次数”。 e.g.three times six times2.on foot 步行go to on foot 意为“步行去.”，可与walk to互换使用。3.take part in 参加 通常指参加集体性活动，如参加讨论、游行、比赛、战斗和庆祝等活动。e.g.John takes part in many school activities.Ex.下周大约有300名学生将参加学校的运动会。About 300 students the school sports meeting next week.【拓展】join是及物动词，意为“加入”，表示加入某一组织，党派，社会团体、某一人群或某一活动中，从而成为其中的成员。join后常出现club,army,team,group以及人称代词宾格等。 e.g.join the swimming club参加游泳俱乐部 join the army 参军4.how often 多久一次 用于对表示频率的词语提问，回答时通常用usually,often,every day,every night,once a day等表示频率的副词或短语。辨析how often,how soon 与how longhow often多久一次用来对频度副词或频度副词短语提问how soon多久以后用来对表示将来的一段时间提问how long多长时间用来对一段时间提问Ex.( )1） do you go to the library? Once a month. A.How many times B.How soon C.What time D.How often2)We help grandmother clean her house three times a week.(对划线部分提问) do you help grandmother clean her house?3)She will be back in an hour.(对划线部分提问） will she be back?5.ride a bicycle 骑自行车 ride可作及物或不及物动词，表示“骑(自行车/马）；乘（车）”。 e.g.I cant ride a horse.辨析ride a bike 与by bikeride a bike动词短语bike前必须加限定词在句中作谓语，表示动作by bike介词短语bike前不加限定词在句中作状语，表示方式6.between.and .在.和.之间 e.g.The building is between the school and the park.辨析between与amongbetween常指“在.（两者）之间”；当后接三者或三者以上的人或物时，是把这些物体分别看待，指每两者之间。She takes some medicine between meals every day.among用于指“在.（三者或三者以上的人或物）之间”He is sitting among the children.7.later in the afternoon下午稍晚的时候 later副词，意为“后来，过后”。常用于“一段时间+later”，表示“.之后”。 e.g.He came back two days later.8.at the end of 在.末，在.尽头。表示时间、空间或事件的过程。相关短语：by the end of.到.末 in the end最后，终于 e to an end告终，结束 end up with.以.结束9.help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事。with后跟名词或代词。 e.g.Sometimes I help my mother with the housework.相关短语：help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事 e.g.Lets help the old man(to) carry the box. help (to) do sth.帮助做某事 e.g.Can you help (to)water the flowers?【句子要点】1.How short it is! 休息时间多么短啊！ 本句是一个由how引导的感叹句，其构成为：How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语！ e.g.How beautiful our school is! How fast he runs!【拓展】what也可引导感叹句，其构成为：What + a(an) + 形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！ e.g.What a kind man he is！What +形容词+不可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语！ e.g.What fine weather it is today！ What beautiful flowers these are！2.People often start by writing “Dear Diary”. “by+v.-ing形式”意为“通过做某事”。介词by意为“通过.,凭.”，后面常接v.-ing形式，表示通过做某事而得到某种结果。常用来回答How do you.？或How can I.？这类问句e.g.How do you learn English? I learn English by listening to cassettes.【用法集萃】1.talk about 谈论 2.from.to.从.到. 3.keep a diary 记日记4.ask sb. about sth.询问某人关于某事 5.junior high school 初级中学6.in the world 在世界上 7.after-school activities 课外活动 8.have a good/great time=enjoy oneself=have fun 过得愉快 9.play with和某人玩10.brush ones teeth 刷牙 11.be close to +地点名词 离某地近11.a glass of .一杯. 12.after lunch 午饭后 Ex.( )1)Tom,please give me . A.a glass of milk B.a glass of milks C.two glass of milk D.two glasses of milks ( )2)Jenny is friendly,and she always helps me my English. A.with B.to C.of D.on ( )3)My father always goes to bed 10p.m. A.on B.in C.for D.at ( )4)The two kids practice spoken English joining the English club. A.by B.in C.on D.with ( )5)At weekends,my sister loves but my brother likes fishing. A.swim;go B.swimming;going C.swim;going D.swimming;go (