牛津深圳版三年级英语上册知识点总结.doc

三年级英语上册知识点总结
Unit1 Hello
重点单词及短语：apple bag
重点句型：Hello！Hi!
Good morning/Good afternoon/Good evening
Good bye! 招呼语
E.g. Hello, Song Xiangyang.
Hi, teacher.
单词拓展：banana orange watermelon pear peach lemon strawberry mango grape tomato potato cucumber onion carrot fruit vegetable

Unit2 How are you?
重点单词及短语：cat dog
重点句型：How are you?
I’m fine./Fine, thank you.
单词拓展：pig rabbit tiger mouse/rat ox horse goat sheep chick hen rooster goose lion dragon snake monkey 猴子 bear

Unit3 Are you Kitty?
重点单词及短语：boy girl wolf sheep egg fan picture colour draw
重点句型：Are you XXX?
Yes,I am. No, I’m not. ‘m=am
E.g. Are you Song Xiangyang?
Yes, I am. No, I am not.

Unit4 My friends
重点单词及短语：tall short long short thin fat hand
重点句型及短语：
This is XXX.
He’s/She’s my friend.
He’s.../She’s ... ‘s=is
E.g. This is Yao Ming.
He’s my friend.
He’s tall and strong.

单词拓展：big small

语法点拓展：比较级和最高级
形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式归纳
  大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

规则变化 ◇单音节以及少数双音节的词后面直接加-er , -est
原级
比较级
最高级
tall
taller
tallest
smart
smarter
smartest
short
shorter
shortest
特别提醒：以-y,-er, -ow, le结尾的双音节形容词末尾加er和est。如：healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow等。◇以不发音的e结尾只加-r，-st
原级
比较级
最高级
nice
nicer
nicest
fine
finer
finest
large
larger
largest

◇“以辅音字母+y”结尾的词改y为i，再加-er, -est
原级
比较级
最高级
easy
easier
easiest
pretty
prettier
prettiest
happy
happier
happiest
funny
funnier
funniest
busy
busier
busiest

◇以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词（即重读闭音节词），双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est
原级
比较级
最高级
slim
slimmer
slimmest
thin
thinner
thinnest
hot
hotter
hottest
big
bigger
biggest

特别提醒：new, few, slow, clean等词含有字母组合，且发的是长元音，不用双写。
◇大部分双音节词和多音节的词(即音标中含有三个或三个以上元音音素的词)，要在前面加 more，most
原级
比较级
最高级
beautiful
more beautiful
most beautiful
important
more important
most important
interesting
more interesting
most interesting
expensive
more expensive
most expensive
popular
more popular
most popular
 特别提醒：以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，
如unhappy----unhappier----unhappiest,
untidy----untidier----untidiest 
◇以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加 more，most
原级
比较级
最高级
slowly
more slowly
most slowly
quickly
more quickly
most quickly
angrily
more angrily
most angrily
softly
more softly
most softly
noisily
more noisily
most noisily
特别提醒：early ----earlier----earliest 
◇由ING分词和ED分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级。 
 原级
比较级 
最高级 
 interesting
more interesting 
most interesting 
 excited
more excited 
most exciting 
 tired
more tired  
most tired 
 boring
more boring 
most boring 

    不规则变化  
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/badly/ill
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest

特别提醒◇further不仅可以指“距离更远”，还可指“程度更深”。记住以下三个词组：further study(进修)further education(继续教育)further information (进一步的信息)
◇elder仅用于同辈之间的排行，如: elder sister(姐姐) elder brother (哥哥)
◇less作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词，修饰可数名词表示“更少”要用fewer。
以下内容不作为初中英语教学内容，仅供拓展之用。
◇少数单音节词前面加 more, most 构成比较级和最高级，这类形容词一般为表语形容词和由过去分词变成的形容词。
afraid ---- more afraid, most afraid tired ---- more tired , most tired
fond ----- more fond , most fond glad ----- more glad , most glad
bored ---- more bored , most bored pleased---- more pleased , most pleased
◇下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种形式，即：既可加-er/-est也可加more/most     
 cruel, strict, often, friendly, clever
 ◇下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高
（即表示“最高程度”或“绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级）
empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct, extremely ... 
  形容词副词比较级最高级使用注意事项
  ◇比较应在同类事物之间进行。
误：Your English is better than me.
正：Your English is better than mine.
◇比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语，最常见的三大修饰词是：a little, much, even。
以下单词也可用来修饰：any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather。
My sister is a little taller than me.
Their house is much larger than ours.
另外，名词短语也可修饰比较级，说明程度。
I’m three years older than he.
特别提醒：very, quite, too不可修饰比较级。
 ◇避免重复使用比较级。
误：He is more kinder to small animals than I.
正：He is much kinder to small animals than I.
误：He is more cleverer than his brother.
正：He is cleverer than his brother.
 ◇比较要遵循前后一致的原则，注意前后呼应。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
 ◇序数词通常只修饰最高级。
Africa is the second largest continent.
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.
 形容词副词比较级最高级重点句型归纳
  ◇句型一：形容词或副词比较级+than…
□注意事项：
该句型为比较级的最基本句型。只要看到than，即可确定前面使用比较级。
He is taller than I am.
The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl.
 ◇句型二：less + 形容词的原级 + than
□注意事项：
该句型表示“不如、不及”，特别需要注意的是，less本身就是little的比较级，后面必须跟形容词的原级，否定就造成了比较级的重复使用。
This puter is less expensive than that one.
 ◇句型三：as +形容词或副词的原级+ as
□注意事项：
该句型表示对比的两者程度相当，as之间必须跟形容词或副词的原级，决不能使用比较级。此外，还要确定使用形容词还是副词。确定的依据就是根据第一个as前的动词，如果是系动词（如be，感官动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel等），那么就用形容词的原级，如果前面的动词是一般的实义动词，那么就必须用副词的原级修饰动词。
This lesson is as easy as that one.
Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister.
 特别提醒：as…as之间也可以跟名词，句型如下：
☆as +形容词+ a/an +单数名词+as
    He is as kind a person as his father. 他和他爸爸一样都是善良的人。
☆as + many/much+不可数名词/可数名词复数+as
    I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。
    I have as many books as you do. 我的书和你的一样多。
    We’ll give you as much help as we can. 我们将尽我们所能给你帮助。
其它几个关于as…as的句型：
☆as … as one can：尽其所能
          He began to run as fast as he could.
       ☆as … as possible：尽可能
          Please help us as quickly as possible.
       ☆as soon as…一……就……
   He will call me as soon as he es here.
 ◇句型四：not as/so +形容词或副词的原级+ as
□注意事项：
该句型表示“前者不如后者……”，往往可以与句型一和句型二替换。第一个as可以换为so。
This classroom is not as bright as yours.
I cannot run as fast as you.
 ◇句型五：the +形容词或副词最高级+ in / of / among +比较范围
□注意事项：
如果这里为副词最高级，前面的the常常省略。介词in和of的用法完全不一样。in表示“在某一范围内”，如：in the classroom，in the world。of表示“在同类之间”，of后面的词与主语同类，另名词前一般有冠词the。among表示“在（三者或三者以上）之间”，among后接代词或没有修饰语的名词。
The Changjiang River is the longest river in our country.
Peter is the tallest of the six students.
This picture is the most beautiful among these.
 ◇句型六：one of + 形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式
□注意事项：
one of有三大考点：1. 后跟形容词最高级；2. 后接可数名词复数形式；3. 作主语时主语为one，谓语动词用单数形式。
One of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long.
 ◇句型七：比较级+and +比较级 / more and more +多音节词的原级
□注意事项：
该句型表示“越来越……”，如果该形容词比较级构成形式加er，则用前面的句型；如果该形容词比较级加more构成，则用后面的句型。
It is getting hotter and hotter.
The girl is being more and more beautiful.
 ◇句型八：the +比较级+…, the +比较级+…
□注意事项：
该句型意思为“越……就越……”，表示两种情况同时变化。
The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
In the test, the more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.
 ◇句型九：be different from
□注意事项：
该句型没有运用比较级，但也是对两者事物进行比较。注意前后比较需在同类事物中进行。
My schoolbag is different from yours.
 ◇句型十：the same as… / the same…as…
□注意事项：
该句型同样没有运用比较级，表示两者之间具有共同特性。注意这里的as和same为固定搭配，不能随便变换。
I don’t want to buy the same things as Amy did.
   ◇句型十一：比较级+than + any other +名词单数形式
□注意事项：
any other 后面跟单数名词，表示“任何别的”，即主语在范围内，必须把自身从这一范围内除去，否则逻辑上不通。如果主语不在这一范围内，那么要把other去掉，只用any即可。
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. （上海在中国这个范围内，所以用any other）
Shanghai is larger than any city in Jiangsu. （上海不在江苏，所以只需用any）
 ◇句型十二：比较级+than + the other +名词复数形式
□注意事项：
该句型相当于any other +名词单数形式，常用来进行同义句改写。该句型与句型十一虽然波表面上都是比较级，但实际上相当于最高级。以下三句表达的是同一个意思。
Daniel is the most hard-working student in our class.
Daniel is more hard-working than any other student in our class.
Daniel is more hard-working than the other students in our class.
 特别提醒：表示两者(人或物)比较时，比较的对象应是同类事物，不同类的事物之间无法进行比较。
形容词比较级最高级练习题
一、写出下列形容词和副词的比较级形式。
1. long________ 2.tidy_________ 3.hot _____________
4. large________ 5.thin_________ 6.good_____________
7. bad _________ 8.little_________ 23. thin ________  ________
10.much_______11.early_________ 12.fast _____________
13.hard _______14.difficult_________15.badly____________
16.far_________17.carefully_________20.often____________
21. old ______  ________   22. busy _________  _________
24. many _________  _________25. slow ________ _____

二、用形容词的适当形式填空：
1.Bob is ________( young )than Fred but__________(tall)thanFred.                                                      
2. He is ______ (bad) at learning math. He is much _______ (bad) at Chinese and he is the   _________ (bad) at English.                       
3. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world.             
4 A dictionary is much _________ (expensive)  than a story-book.
5. An orange is a little ______ (big) than an apple, but much ________ (small) than a watermelon.
6. Playing puter games is______ _____ _____ of all the activities.(interesting).
7. The Nile(尼羅河) is ______ ________river in the world. (long)
8. Good health is _______ _______ ________thing life. (important)
9. Taking a taxi is ______ _______ way to get to the airport. (easy)
10. She is_______ than all the other students. (young)

四、选择正确答案：
 1. She is ________ than ________ .
    A. busier / us B. busier / we C. more busy / us D. more busy / we
 2.  China is ________ country in the world.
    A. the third largest B. the largest third C. the third large D. a third largest
 3. -Which is ____ season in Beijing?-I think it's autumn.
　　A.good            B.better           C.best               D.the best
4．- Which is__________ , the sun, the moon or the earth?-- Of course, the moon is.
　　A.small          B.smaller           C.smallest           D.the smallest
5.The air in Beijing is getting much _____ now than a few years ago.
A. clean        B. cleaner         C. cleanest             D. the cleanest
6. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _____ than before.
　　A. cheap      B. cheaper        C. cheapest             D. the cheapest
7 Which is _____ , a bicycle or a puter?
A.  expensive  B.more expensive  C.the most expensive
8. The Yellow River is one of ______rivers in China   A   long  B longer  C the longest
9. A pig is __ than a dog.
A. much heavy 　　B. more heavier
C much heavier 　　D. more heavy
10.－－Which is __ season in Beijing?
　－－I think it’s spring.
A. good B. well C. best D. the best
11. The city is being ______.
A. more beautiful and more
B. more beautiful and beautiful
C. more and more beautiful
D. more beautiful and beautifuler
12. Which does Alice like _____ , Chinese or Art?
A. well B. best C. better D. much
13. The Changjiang River is one of ____ in the world.
A. the longest river B. longest rivers
C. the longest rivers D. longer rivers
14. LiMing speaks Chinese _____ better than me.
A. very B. more C. a lot of D. much ]
15.There are　____　boys in Class　Two　than in Class Four.
A. more B. many C. most D. best

Unit5 My family
重点单词及短语：ice-cream juice
重点句型：Who’s he/she?
He’s/She’s...
E.g. Who’s he?
He’s my father.
He’s handsome.
‚My name is XXX. = I’m XXX
E. g. My name is Song Xiangyang.= I’m Song Xiangyang.
单词拓展：（称谓）father mother parents brother sister grandfather grandmother grandparent aunt uncle daughter son
（人的形容词）beautiful pretty nice kind handsome honest smart strict cool strong cute young old friendly kind shy outgoing sunshine
sugar candy

Unit6 Me
重点单词及短语：tail kite lion tiger
重点句型：
Look, this is me.
I’m thin/short/tall.
My hair is long/short.
My mouth is big/small.

Unit7 In the classroom
重点单词及短语：close/open clean door window blackboard e in
e on mouth nose book
重点句型
close/open the door clean/look at the blackboard
I’m sorry.
E.g. Please close/open the door.
OK.
单词拓展：（身体部位）body face eyes eyebrow ears nose neck head fingers hands arms legs foot/feet mouth

Unit8 At the fruit shop
重点单词及短语：banana pear orange pig queen
重点句型：
How much is it?
How much are they?
E.g. How much is it?
It’s five yuan. /Five yuan.
How much are they?
They are ten yuan./Ten yuan.

Unit9 In my room
重点单词及短语：room book ruler pen pencil chair desk schoolbag rabbit six table
重点句型：
This is my bed.
There are my books.
Is this your XXX?
Are these your XXX?
E.g. Is this your pen?
Yes, it’s. No, isn’t. isn’t=is not
E.g. ‚Are these your pens?
Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. aren’t= are not

单词拓展：
eraser chalk blackboard paper map dictionary sharpener
语法拓展：指示代词 this, these, that,those 的用法
1. this&these
(1) 近指
(单数)This is my pen.
(复数)These are my pens.
(2) 指下文要提到的事情
Please remember this: No pains,no gains.
2. that&those
(1) 远指
(单数)That is her bike.
(复数)Those are my sheep.
(2) 指前面刚刚提到过的事情
He was ill. That was why he didn’t go to school.
3. 打xx时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方
This is Mike speaking.
Who is that speaking?
4. That,those 常用在比较句型当中(as...as同级比较, ...than 不同级别比较)
The weather in Shenzhen is different from that in Beijing.
The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
The apples in this shop are much cheaper than those in that shop.

There be句型
一、专题讲解
1、定义： There be 结构“某地有某人(某物)”。其基本句型为“There be + 某物或某人(主语) + 某地”。
2、be动词的选择： There be 结构中的谓语动词be（is / are）在人称和数上应与其后的主
语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is ；主语是复数时用are。
3、具体结构：(1) There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.
E.g. There is a desk in the classroom. 在教室里有一张桌子。
(2) There are + 复数名词+ 地点状语. E.g. There are 5 apples in the box. 盒子里有五个苹果。
口诀：“有” 字放前面，有“啥”放中间； 时间地点放后面； 单数is, 复数are；注意be的两变化。
4、句型变化：
(1)、否定句：there be的否定式通常在be后加not。
E.g. There is a bike under the tree. 树下有一辆自行车
There isn't a bike under the tree.
E.g. There are 2 little girls in the room.在房间里有两个小女孩。
There aren't 2 little girls in the room.
(2)、一般疑问句及其答语：
1、一般疑问句：把be动词提前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可。
2、回答时，“用什么问，就用什么答”，用Is / Are there来提问，就用there is / are来回答。
肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't.
E.g. 1、There are two cats in the tree.树上有两只猫。
Are there two cats in the tree? Yes, there are. No, there aren't.
2、There is a puter on the desk . 在桌子上有一台电脑。
Is there a puter on the desk？ Yes, there is. No, there isn't.
课堂练习：1. There is a new bed and an old desk in the room .
否定句：
一般疑问句 ：
否定回答 ：

5、some和any在“there be”句型中的用法：
some 一些（some用于肯定句） any 一些（any用于否定句和一般疑问句）
注意：There be句型在变成否定句或一般疑问句时，要注意把句中的some变成any。
E.g.1、There is some water in the bottle .在瓶子里有一些水。
There isn't any water in the bottle.（否定句） Is there any water in the bottle？（一般疑问句）
2、There are some children in the picture. 图片里有一些小孩。
There aren't any children in the picture. （否定句） Are there any children in the picture？（一般疑问句）
课堂练习：1. -- Are there _____ shops near here? -- No, there are _____ shops near here.
A. some, not  B. some, any    C. any, not   D. any, no
2．There are some tables on the floor.（变为否定句）

6、就近原则：
若句子中有几个并列的主语时 be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。
E.g. 1.There is a pen, two pencils and some books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔、两支铅笔和一些书。
2.There are two pencils, a pen and some books on the desk. 书桌上有两支