汽车英语培训.ppt

Types of modern automobiles 现代汽车种类现代汽车种类Entire construct of automobile汽车整体框架汽车整体框架 Main technical specifications 主要技术参数、指主要技术参数、指标标Running principle of automobile汽车运行原理汽车运行原理Unit 1 Types of Modern Automobiles1）cars 轿车轿车轿车轿车 3）trucks卡车卡车2）passenger cars客车客车5）special type vehicle特种车辆特种车辆4）tractors and vehicle combination7）farm vehicle农用车农用车 8)off-road vehicle越野车越野车6）Self-dumping car自卸车自卸车 Classification of cars车的分类车的分类Crown（2.53L）Mazda/mzd/6（2.3L）CA770（52、with respect to engine arrangement and driving type engine arrangement and driving type发动机布局和驱动方式发动机布局和驱动方式Diagram图（图（/daigrm/）front engine、front-wheel drive 发动机前置、前轮驱动front engine、rear-wheel drive发动机前置、后轮驱动Rear engine、rear-wheel drive发动机后置、后轮驱动Passenger Cars客车客车TruckTractor牵引车牵引车Special vehicle专用车专用车(/vi:ikl/交通工具交通工具,车辆车辆)fire engine 消防车parade vehicle旅行车旅行车(/preid/检阅检阅,游行游行)mail car 邮车Unit 2Entire structure of automobile1）engine 发动机发动机发动机发动机2）chassis底盘底盘(/si;tsi/底盘底盘3）body车身车身4）electric system电子系统Unit 3Main technical plete vehicle kerb mass整车整备质量2.maximum total mass 最大总质量3.maximum pay最大装置重量最大装置重量4.maximum axle mass 最大轴质量（最大轴质量（/ms/质量质量）5.vehicle length 车长车长6.Vehicle width 车宽车宽7.Vehicle height车高车高8.Wheelbase8.Wheelbase轴距轴距(/wi:lbeis/)9.track(tread)9.track(tread)轮距轮距 10.Front overhang 10.Front overhang 前悬前悬11.Rear overhang 11.Rear overhang 后悬后悬12.Minimum ground clearance 12.Minimum ground clearance 最小离地间隙最小离地间隙13.Aproach angle 13.Aproach angle 接近角接近角(/(/gl/角度角度)14.Departure angle14.Departure angle离去角离去角 15.Turning diameter15.Turning diameter转弯直径转弯直径(/(/daimit/直径直径)Main technical specifications主要技术指标主要技术指标Unit 4 Running Principle of the Automobile汽车运行原理汽车运行原理F0FtV MtF0=Mt/rRunning resistance运行阻力运行阻力（/rizistns/阻力阻力）Ffrolling resistance滚动阻力滚动阻力 Fw air resistance 空气阻力Fi gradient resistance 坡道阻力(/greidint/倾斜度倾斜度,坡度坡度)Total resistance F=Ff+Fw+FiRelation between total resistance and tractive force total resistance and tractive forceRunning status运转状态运转状态Ft F Speedup增速增速Ft=F uniform speed匀速匀速 Ft F speed down减速减速Tractive force and adhesive force牵引力和附着力牵引力和附着力 Adhesive*(/dhi:siv/有粘性的有粘性的)force F F=G coefficient(/kuifint/系数系数)of adhesion 附着系数Extra large bus大客车大客车返回Medium and heavy truck中型货车和重型货车中型货车和重型货车（/mi:djm/适中的适中的,中等的中等的)Chapter 2Principle and Entire structure of Engine发动机原理和整体结构发动机原理和整体结构Elementary terms 基本术语基本术语Principle of four-stroke Engine 四冲程发动机原理四冲程发动机原理Principle of two stroke Engine两驱发动机原理两驱发动机原理Classification of the engine 发动机分类发动机分类Single-cylinder engineCylinder气缸气缸Piston活塞活塞Piston pin活塞销活塞销Connecting rod连杆连杆Crankshaft曲轴曲轴Oil pipe机油管机油管Intake valve进气门进气门Exhaust valve排气门排气门 Timing gear正时齿正时齿轮轮Oil pump机油管机油管Unit 1 Elementary Termstop dead center(TDC)上止点上止点Bottom dead center(BDC)下止点下止点piston stroke(S)活塞行程、冲程活塞行程、冲程crank radius(R)曲柄半径曲柄半径(/reidjs/半径半径)actual displacement(V h)实际排量实际排量(/ktjul/实际的实际的)engine displacement(VL)发动机排量发动机排量combustion chamber volume(Vc)燃烧室容积燃烧室容积(/teimb/室,房间；/kmbstn/燃烧)total cylinder volume(Va)气缸总容积气缸总容积Operating cycle操作周期、操作周期、运转周期(/saikl/循环,周期)VL=V h i Vh=D2S 10-6/4 （L）Dcylinder diameter,mm 气缸直径气缸直径,气缸内径气缸内径,缸径缸径Spiston stroke,mm活塞行程活塞行程Unit 2 Principle of Four-stroke Engine四冲程四冲程发动机原理发动机原理Principle of Four-stroke gasoline Engine四冲程汽油发动机原理四冲程汽油发动机原理1、intake stroke 进气行程进气行程2、compress stroke 压缩行程（压缩行程（/km pres/压缩）压缩）3、power stroke 动力行程动力行程4、exhaust stroke 排气冲程（排气冲程（/igz:st/排气排气）Working process of single cylinder four-stroke gasoline engine进气门进气门排气门排气门油泵油泵油管油管曲轴曲轴连杆连杆活塞销活塞销活塞活塞气缸气缸进气行程排气阀关闭进气阀开启气压线压缩行程压缩比作功行程压力线压力线排气行程排气行程(发动机的发动机的)示功示功图图(/rizidjul/残残余的余的,剩余的剩余的)残余废气残余废气T=12001500K p=105400 kPa Principle of Four-stroke diesel EngineInjector喷油器injection pump喷油泵Intake进气 Compress压缩 Power作功Exhaust排气Inlet valve进气门Exhaust Valve 排气门airT=300370K p=8090 kPa T=8001000K p=35 MPa T=8001000K p=105400 kPa Real diagram of diesel engine（/di:zl/柴油）柴油）Unit 3 Classification of EngineInternal combustion engine 内燃机内燃机Water-cooling engine水冷发动机水冷发动机air-cooling engine风冷发动机风冷发动机Four-stroke engine四冲程发动机四冲程发动机Two-stroke engine两冲程发动机两冲程发动机 Gasoline engine汽油机汽油机Diesel engine柴油机柴油机Single-cylinder engine单缸发动机单缸发动机Multi-cylinder engine多缸发动机多缸发动机Cylinder-in-line arrangement单列式发动机单列式发动机V-arrangementInternal combustion engine内燃机内燃机Internal combustion engine 内燃机内燃机Internal combustion engine内燃机内燃机Internalcombustion engine内燃机内燃机Unit 4 Entire Structure of the Engine发动机的总体构造发动机的总体构造Two mechanisms两大机构两大机构Connecting rod曲柄连杆曲柄连杆Valve gear阀门配气机构阀门配气机构Five systems五大系统五大系统Fuel supply system供给系供给系Ignition system点火系点火系Cooling system冷却系统冷却系统Lubricating system润滑系润滑系Start system起动系起动系connecting rod连杆连杆Flywheel飞轮飞轮Crankshaft凸轮轴凸轮轴Piston活塞活塞intake valveexhaust valvepush rod推杆推杆tappet挺杆挺杆timing gears正正时皮带时皮带/链条链条 Valve gear Connecting rod Camshaft凸轮轴凸轮轴Rocker摇臂摇臂/杆杆Engine construction of SantanaEngine cooling system of SantanaEngine lubricating system of Santana（/lubricate/v.润滑润滑,涂油涂油）Fuel supply system燃料供给系统燃料供给系统Valve gear气门机构气门机构 backbackGas Turbine（/t:bin,-bain/n.涡轮涡轮）燃气涡轮机燃气涡轮机 Chapter 3 Connecting RodEngine body Piston and connecting rod Crankshaft and flywheel Unit 1 Introduction Function Convert thermal(/:ml/热的热的,热量的热量的)energy into mechanical(/miknikl/机械的机械的,力学的力学的)energy used to move the piston up and down.将燃料燃烧时产生的热将燃料燃烧时产生的热能转变为活塞上下运动的机械能能转变为活塞上下运动的机械能.Convert reciprocating(/risiprkeit/互换互换,交换交换)motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crankshaft and produce power.将活塞的往复运动变为曲轴的旋转运将活塞的往复运动变为曲轴的旋转运动而对外输出动力。动而对外输出动力。Components Engine body Piston and connecting rod Crankshaft and flywheel工作条件工作条件受的力主要有受的力主要有气压力、气压力、惯性力、离心力、摩擦力惯性力、离心力、摩擦力（inertial/in:l/惯性的惯性的;centrifugal/sentrifjugl/离心的）冲击力和震动冲击力和震动冲击力和震动冲击力和震动Unit 2 Engine BodyComponents：Crankcase曲轴曲轴cylinder block气气缸体缸体Cylinder gasket气缸垫气缸垫cylinder headCylinder气缸气缸oil passage and water passage油道油道和水道和水道oil pan油底壳油底壳气缸盖Cylinder block and crankcase气缸体和气缸体和曲轴箱曲轴箱cylinder block of audi100Classification1、water-cooling水冷水冷2、air-cooling风冷风冷cooling fin散热片散热片,冷冷却片却片 cylinder block and head of air-cooling engine 水冷水冷发动机的气缸体和气缸盖发动机的气缸体和气缸盖With respect to cooling methodWith respect to cylinder arrangementIn-line直列式直列式V-type V V型型Horizontally opposed type水平对置式（水平对置式（/.hrizntli.hrizntli/水平的水平的,横的横的）Crankcase（oil pan）曲轴箱（油底壳）曲轴箱（油底壳）Function:enclosing the crankshaft作用：密封曲轴作用：密封曲轴Oil pan of the engine Cylinder headFunction作用作用：Seal the top the cylinder and form the combustion chamber with the piston and the cylinder密封密封气缸的上部，与活塞、气缸等共同构成燃烧室。气缸的上部，与活塞、气缸等共同构成燃烧室。Operating condition工作条件工作条件：much heat load由于接触温由于接触温度很高的燃气，所以承受的热负荷很大。度很高的燃气，所以承受的热负荷很大。Material材料材料：grey iron or alloy（/合金合金）iron aluminium(/.ljuminim/铝铝)：灰铸铁或铝合金。：灰铸铁或铝合金。cylinder gasket 气缸垫cylinder block气缸盖气缸盖cylinder head cover气缸盖罩气缸盖罩Pad衬垫衬垫to fit spark plug安装火花塞安装火花塞Combustion chamberType Diagram applicationHalf-ball半球形半球形Santana桑塔纳桑塔纳 Xiali夏利夏利 Citroen 富康富康Cuniform楔形楔形（/kju:niif:m/）Cherokee切诺基切诺基Basin-shape盆形盆形Jetta捷达捷达Audi奥迪奥迪Cylinder gasket气缸垫气缸垫Function功用功用：fitted between the cylinder block and cylinder head to seal the area between them and prevent leakage of gas,oil and water.安装在气缸盖和气缸体之间，保证气缸盖与气安装在气缸盖和气缸体之间，保证气缸盖与气缸体接触面的密封，防止漏气、漏水和漏油。缸体接触面的密封，防止漏气、漏水和漏油。Material材料材料：flexible,withstand the heat,pressure and erode有弹性、有弹性、耐热性、耐压性、耐腐蚀耐热性、耐压性、耐腐蚀（/fleksbl/易弯曲的易弯曲的;/erode/腐腐蚀蚀,侵蚀）侵蚀）Pay attention to the direction when fixingUnit 3 Piston and Connecting Rod 活塞和连杆活塞和连杆compression rings压缩环压缩环oil rings油环油环piston pin活塞销活塞销Piston活塞活塞connecting rod连杆连杆connecting rod bolt连杆体螺栓连杆体螺栓crank bearing half shell曲轴主轴承半壳曲轴主轴承半壳connecting rod cap连杆盖连杆盖Piston活塞活塞 Function功用功用：Withstanding gas pressure and force crankshaft to rotate承受气体压力，并通过活塞销和连杆驱使曲轴旋转。承受气体压力，并通过活塞销和连杆驱使曲轴旋转。Working surroundings工作环境工作环境：operating under exceedingly difficult mechanical and thermal conditions高温、散热条件差高温、散热条件差（/iksi:dili/非常非常(极其极其,极度地极度地,很很);/:ml/热的,热量的）Material：aluminium,grey iron铝合金；灰铸铝合金；灰铸(/.ljuminim/铝铝)Characteristic特点特点A strong enough and rigid enough强度和刚度好强度和刚度好B good thermal conductivity（/.kndktiviti/传导性传导性），withstand high pressure,high temperature and wearing良好的导热性，耐高压、耐高温、耐磨损良好的导热性，耐高压、耐高温、耐磨损C light enough to reduce inertia forces质地很轻可以降质地很轻可以降低惯性力低惯性力Components Piston top活塞头部活塞头部piston toppiston headpiston skirtClassification of piston topshapediagramflat平顶平顶Convex（/knveks/）凸顶凸顶concave(/knkeiv/)凹顶凹顶Piston head活塞头部活塞头部compression ring groove气环槽气环槽oil ring groove油环槽油环槽油环槽油环槽piston pin hole活塞销孔活塞销孔活塞销孔活塞销孔Real diagram of the pistonCompression ring groove气环槽气环槽Oil ring groove油环槽油环槽Piston skirt活塞裙部活塞裙部 Function:forming a bearing area in contact with the cylinder wall.形成一个支撑面连接气缸壁形成一个支撑面连接气缸壁Slotted piston（gasoline engine）开槽活塞（汽油机）（开槽活塞（汽油机）（有槽的有槽的）Heat dam隔热槽隔热槽Expand slot扩展槽Circle groove环槽环槽Piston rings活塞环Compression rings and oil rings 气环和油环气环和油环Working conditions：High temperature,high pressure,high speed,hardlylubricated 高温、高压、高速、不易润滑。高温、高压、高速、不易润滑。Longevity（/lndeviti/长寿长寿）：60,000 kilometers 1）compression ring 气环气环 To prevent compression leakage and transmit(/trnzmit/传传输输)most of the heat from piston head to cylinder wall and the heat is carried by cooling water防止气体泄漏，将活塞头部防止气体泄漏，将活塞头部的热量传给气缸壁，并由水冷系统传输热量的热量传给气缸壁，并由水冷系统传输热量notchClearance of piston ring活塞环隙活塞环隙side clearance侧隙侧隙back clearance背隙背隙endplay端隙端隙2）oil control ringsscraperaxial linerradial linerscrapercompound oil ring组合环组合环ordinary oil ring普通环普通环Piston pinFunction：connecting piston with small end of connecting rod and transmit gas pressure exerted on the piston to connecting rod.连接活塞和连杆小头，并传递活塞的力给连杆。（/igz:t/发挥,运用,施以影响）Connection of piston pin活塞销的连接方式活塞销的连接方式connecting rod连杆连杆piston pin活活塞销塞销full-floating type全浮式semi-floating type半半浮式浮式Connecting rod Function:It is attached to the crankshaft and the piston.It converts the reciprocate of piston into rotary motion of crankshaft.连接曲轴和活塞，并连接曲轴和活塞，并将活塞的力传给曲轴，变活塞的往复运动为曲轴的旋转运动。(/risiprkeit/互换,交换,报答;/rutri/旋转的)Small endConnecting rod bushingConnecting rodBig endConnecting rod half shellsConnecting rod capConnecting rod Arrangement of V-type engine V型发动机连杆的布置形式Parataxis type(/.prtksis/并列)并列式main and slave connecting rod主副式主副式fork and blade connecting rod叉式叉式Connecting rod bearing连杆轴承连杆轴承 Connecting style of big endHalve TypeInclined splitting typeUnit 4 Crankshaft and Flywheel曲轴飞轮组曲轴飞轮组cranking claw起动爪起动爪timing gear正时正时齿轮齿轮main bearing主主轴瓦轴瓦belt pulley皮带轮皮带轮tortional vibration damper扭转减振器扭转减振器Flywheel飞轮飞轮flywheel bolt飞轮螺栓飞轮螺栓crankshaft曲轴曲轴曲轴曲轴把活塞连杆组传来的气体压力转变为扭矩对外输出。还用来把活塞连杆组传来的气体压力转变为扭矩对外输出。还用来把活塞连杆组传来的气体压力转变为扭矩对外输出。还用来把活塞连杆组传来的气体压力转变为扭矩对外输出。还用来驱动发动机的配气机构及其他各种辅助装置。驱动发动机的配气机构及其他各种辅助装置。驱动发动机的配气机构及其他各种辅助装置。驱动发动机的配气机构及其他各种辅助装置。工作条件：受气体压力、惯性力、惯性力矩。承受交变载荷的冲击。工作条件：受气体压力、惯性力、惯性力矩。承受交变载荷的冲击。工作条件：受气体压力、惯性力、惯性力矩。承受交变载荷的冲击。工作条件：受气体压力、惯性力、惯性力矩。承受交变载荷的冲击。Crankshaft and Flywheel感谢亲观看此幻灯片，此课件部分内容来源于网络，感谢亲观看此幻灯片，此课件部分内容来源于网络，如有侵权请及时联系我们删除，谢谢配合！如有侵权请及时联系我们删除，谢谢配合！