牛津译林8B-Unit2知识点.doc

8B Unit21.Ive been there be fore. 我以前去过那里。before副词“以前”。常与现在完成时连用，也可与一般过去时连用。He has never seen such a huge stone before.他以前从未见过这么大的石头。before介词或连词“在之前”，可表示时间、位置、顺序等。My father usually goes to bed before 9:00 p.m.我父亲通常在晚上9点之前睡觉。（介词）Turn off the light before you leave the room.离开房间前关上灯。（连词）3.Can I join you?我可以和你一起去吗?join及物动词“加入”，表示加入某一组织、党派、社会团体或某一人群中，从而成为其成员。join后常出现club，army，team，group以及表示人称代词宾格的单词等。My father joined the army after he finished middle school.我爸爸中学毕业后就参军了。Will you e and join us for supper? 你愿意来和我们共进晚餐吗?take part in“参加/参与某项工作、活动、游戏或会议等”，强调参加者有积极的态度，并起到一定的作用。take part in之后接名词或动名词。=join in。Would you like to take part in/join in the English party? 你愿意参加英语晚会吗？Everyone can take part in gardening. 每个人都可以加入到园艺活动中来。join sb.in.“参加到中”。A lot of students are playing football on the playground. Lets join them in playing football! 许多学生正在操场上踢足球，咱们加入到他们当中吧！4.excited形容词为“感到兴奋的，感到激动的”。be excited at/about sth对某事感到激动；be excited to do sth.激动地去做某事；be excited that+从句。She was really excited about going to Beijing. 她对北京之行感到非常兴奋。I was excited that I could have the chance to study abroad.excited感到兴奋的、激动的表示人的心理感受作表语时，其主语一般是人exciting 令人兴奋的表示某事（物）给人的感觉作表语时，其主语一般是物我很激动，我能有机会出国学习了。Were very excited about the exciting news.我们对这个激动人心的消息感到很激动。5.I dont think itll be a holiday for me.我认为对我来说这将不是一个假期。这是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句，I dont think是主句，itll be a holiday for me是宾语从句。当主句主语为第一人称，think,believe等动词后的宾语从句为否定句时，要将否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式，这种语法现象就是否定前移。翻译成汉语时，要注意将否定的意义还原到从句中去。I dont think that Jenny will e to his party. 我认为珍妮不会来参加他的聚会。I dont think he is right. 我认为他不对。这种结构的反意疑问句的主语和谓语动词必须与宾语从句的主语和谓语动词保持一致。1 dont think he is a doctor,is he? 我认为他不是医生，对吗?6.It es from the story by Hans Christian Andersen.It es from the story written by Hans Christian Andersen.它来自汉斯克里斯蒂安安徒生写的故事。e from“来自，从来”=be from，表示某人或某物来自某一地方。be是连系动词，e是实义动词，两个短语的否定和疑问形式不一样。He es from Australia.=He is from Australia.他来自澳大利亚。Does Ann e from England?=Is Ann from England?安来自英国吗?7.by介词“由，被”，常构成被动语态。一Who is this music written by?这是谁写的乐曲?一Its by Mozart. 是莫扎特写的。The clothes were washed by my father. 这些衣服是由我的爸爸洗的。by乘（车、船等）Well go by boat.我们将乘船去。（指时间）不迟于You must be back by ten oclock at night.你必须在晚上10点前回来。（表示方法、手段等）用；靠He makes a living by selling vegetables.他靠卖菜为生。在.旁边，靠近She sits by the window. 她坐在窗子旁边。8.miss及物动词“想念”。When I was abroad,I missed my parents very much.我在国外时，非常想念父母。miss及物动词“未赶上，错过”。She missed the early bus. 她没有赶上早班公共汽车。I dont want to miss the basketball game. 我不想错过那场集球比赛。Miss名词，（用于姓名或姓之前对未婚女子的礼貌的称呼）小姐，女士；（学生对女教师的称呼）老师；（对不知姓名的年轻女子的称呼）小姐。Nice to meet you，Miss Wang.王小姐，很高兴认识你。I know the answer，Miss.老师，我知道答案。Miss Smith missed the bus that could take her to see her foreign friend whom she missed.史密斯小姐错过了那辆能带地去看望她想念的外国朋友的公共汽车。9.Were having a fantastic time here.我们在这儿玩得很开心。have a fantastic time“过得愉快；玩得开心”，八形容词fantastic 还可用good,great 和wonderful等词替代。构成短语：have a good/fantastic/great/wonderful time doing sth.开心地做某事。The girls often have a good time talking at lunchtime. 这些女孩午餐时经常聊得很开心。10. Today we spend the whole day at Disneyland.今天我们在迪士尼乐园待了一整天。whole形容词“整个的，全部的”whole修饰具有整个意义的单数名词，且限定词要放在whole前面The whole class were listen to music.全班同学都在听音乐。allall与定冠词或人称代词所有格连用时，all要放在这些词之前，表示三个或三个以上的人或物，意为“所有的”All the audience stood up and clapped for him.所有的观众都起立为他鼓掌。 All the people here have know the whole truth about the matter.这里所有的人都已经知道了这件事情的全部真相11.It moved at high speed and was really exciting! 它高速转动，的确很令人兴奋！at high speed“以高速”，at low speed“以低速”。The bus was travelling at high speed. 那辆公共汽车在残驰。at a/the speed of. “以的速度”。The car is moving at a/the speed of eighty kilometers an hour.汽车正在以每小时80千米的速度前进。12.We were screaming and laughing through the ride.整个乘坐过程中我们都在尖叫、欢笑。ride可数名词“乘坐（游乐设施），骑，（骑马、骑自行车或乘车的）旅行”。Its about twenty minutes bus ride from the city to the town.从这个城市到那个小镇乘公共汽车大约20分钟的路程。We all went for a ride in her new car. 我们所有人都乘坐她的新车去见风。ride(rode，ridden)动词“骑（车、马等）”。He rides his bike to school.他骑自行车上学。Can you ride a horse?你会骑马吗?13. Next,we hurried to a restaurant to have a quick meal. 接着，我们匆匆去了一个餐馆，吃了一顿快餐。 hurry不及物动词“匆忙，赶忙” If we hurry, well get there in time. 要是赶紧的话，我们会及时到哪里。 名词“匆忙”，in a hurry 匆忙地 hurry to +地点名词匆忙去某地Tom had breakfast and hurried to school.汤姆吃了早饭，匆忙去了学校。hurry to do sth匆忙做某事They hurried to help the children.他们急忙去帮助孩子们。hurry up赶快Hurry up, or we will be late.快点，否则我们要迟到了。hurry off匆忙离开She picked up her bag and hurried off.她拿起包匆匆离去。14. On the way,we met some Disney cartoon characters,such as Snow White and Mickey Mouse.在路上，我们遇见了一些迪士尼卡通人物，例如白雪公主和米老鼠。on the way“在路上”on the/ones way to.“在（某人）去的路上”，如果后面接副词here，there,home等，则省略介词to。They are on the way to the park. 他们在去公园的路上。On my way to school,I met my old friend. 在去学校的路上，我碰到了我的老朋友。15.such as“例如”。He knows four languages,such as Russian and French.他懂4门语言，如俄语和法语。such as用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子，后面跟列举的名词、代词或动名词，但只能列举并列的部分内容The man can do a lot of housework,such as washing the dishes,cooking meals and washing flowers.那位男士能做很多家务，比如洗餐具、做饭，还有洗衣服。like可与such as 互换，但当such as 有逗号与前面的内容分隔时不能与like 互换。They enjoy most team games like football and basketball.他们喜欢大多数团体运动项目，像足球和篮球。for example一般用于以同类人或事物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，与后面的内容用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。The woman is very lazy. For example, she never makes the bed.这个女人很懒，比如，她从不铺床。16.cant stop doing sth 忍不住做某事 They couldnt stop laughing when they watched the funny performance. 当他看滑稽表演时，他们忍不住大笑起来。17.stop doing sth 停止做某事When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking and laughing.当老师进来时，学生们停止了说笑。stop to do sth停下来做另一件事Im tired. I must stop to have a rest.我累了，我必须停下来休息一会。18.take photos=take pictures 拍照19.After the parade,we watched a 4-D film. 游行结束后，我们看了一场4D电影。watch及物动词，意为“观看，注视”。watch TV看电视，watch matches看比赛。My brother likes watching cartoons.我弟喜欢看动画片。watch sh do sth.“看到某人做某事”，此时指看到某个动作发生的全过程，或看到某个经常发生的动作。I like watching my goldfish swim around in the water.我喜欢观看我的金鱼在水里游来游去。watch sb.doing sth.“看到某人正在敏某事”，此时表示看见某个动作正在进行。I watch Tom playing football on the playground.我看到汤姆正在被场上路足球。I watched them playing basketball at that time. 那时我看见他们在打置球。21.We could even smell the apple pie and feel the wind.我们甚至能间到草果馅饼的味道，并能感觉到风。smell实义动词“嗅，闻，闻到”。Can camels smell the water a mile of? 骆驼能嗅出一英里外有水吗？The girl is smelling the apple. 女孩正在闻那个苹果。smell名词“气味；嗅觉”。The smell made me sick. 这气味让我恶心。smell连系动词，后面跟形容词构成系表结构，“闻起来”。22.The flowers smell sweet. 这些花闻起来很香。feel及物动词“感觉到”。Did you feel the earthquake?你感到地震了吗?I can feel something in my shoe.我能感到鞋里有东西。23.feel连系动词表示某人的感觉，以人作主语。I dont feel very well today.我今天感到不太舒服。We all felt rather worried.我们都感到很着急。表示某物摸起来给人的感觉，通常要以被摸之物作主语。Your hand feels cold. 你的手摸起来很凉。Silk feels soft and smooth. 丝绸摸起来柔软平滑。24.I bought a couple of key rings for classmates. 我为同学们买了几个钥匙环。a couple of “几个，几件”，a couple of“两个”。couple“两人，两件事物；几个人，几件事物”，也可表示“夫妻；情侣”。He keeps a couple of dogs.他养了两只狗。They are a newly-married couple.他们是新婚夫妇。pair与couple都可指“一双，一对”pair指两部分有机结合，缺一不可；couple，任工何两个同样或同类的东西，可分可合。25.Im sure youll love them. 我确信你会喜欢他们。sure 形容词“确信的，肯定的”be sure of +名词+代词感到对.有把握或确信主语：人be sure +that 从句be sure to do sth推测一定或必然会主语：人或物Take it easy.Im sure of it. 别着急，我对它有把握。Im sure that I can pass the exam. 我确信我能通过这次考试。Shes sure to arrive on time. 她一定会准时到达的。make sure“确保；查明”，后接of短语或宾语从句。They scored another goal and made sure of victory.他们又进了一个球，这就赢定了。Make sure that they know nothing about our plan.绝对不能让他们知道我们的计划。26.Ar the end of the day,we watched the fireworks in front of Sleeping Beauty Castle.在那一天的最后，我们在睡美人城堡前观看了烟火。at the end of“在的末尾，在.的尽头”。There is a supermarket at the end of the road.在 路的尽头有一家超市。at the end of在.的末尾，在.的尽头指时间或位置by the end of 到.为止指时间in the end结果，最后指时间，=finallyThey often have no money at the end of a month. 他们的钱常常不能花到月底。Anyhow,you should be back by the end of the meting.你无论如何要在会议结束之前回来。In the end,they became good friends.最后，他们成了好朋友。27.in front of“在.的前面”，表示位置关系，相当于介词before。I am sitting in front of Tom. 我正坐在汤姆的前面。in front of表示一者在另一者的前面，两者之间不存在并容关系，是一种外部相对位置的关系。The girl in front of the TV.女孩在电视机前面。in the front of表示一者在另一者内部的前面，两者存在位置上的相容关系，是一种内部相对的位置关系。Miss Li is in the front of the classroom.李老师在教室的前方。28. beauty可数名词“美人，美好的东西”。不可数名词时“美，美丽，漂亮”。Dont you think she is a beauty? 难道你不认为她是个美女吗?If I have time,I can go out to enjoy the beauty of nature.如果我有时间，我可以出去享受自然之美。beautiful形容词“美丽的”；beautifully副词“美好地，漂亮地”。Her mother is a beautiful woman. 她妈妈是一位美丽的女人。She sings beautifully. 她唱歌很动听。15. Where did you go during your stay there? 你们在那儿期间去了哪里?during介词，意为“在期间”。He came to see me during my illness. 我生病期间他来看过我。I only saw her once during my stay in Rome. 我在罗马逗留期间只见过她一次。during用于某事是在某一段时间之内发生时，强调动作或状态的持续性。During those tree months he asked a lot of question.在那三个月里他问了许多问题。in一般情况下与during互换，但表示某一动作发生在某一段时间内，用inin+一段时间用于一般将来时We usually take a holiday in July.我们经常在7月份度假。He will be back in an hour.他将在一个小时后回来。forfor+一段时间，用于某事持续多久Toms was in school for only three months.汤姆只在学校学习了3个月。16.stay可数名词“逗留，停留”。一般用单数形式。When I went to England,I enjoyed my stay. 我在英国的时候过得很输快。stay不及物动词“逗留；留下”。We stayed there for three hours. 我们在那里待了3个小时。stay连系动词“保持”。相当于keep，后面接形容词作表语。The weather stayed fine for two days. 两天都是晴天。17.How long did you stay in the park? 你们在乐园里待了多久?how long“多长时间，多久”。How long have you learned English? 你学习英语多长时间了?how long“（延续）多长时间”，用for或since引导的时间状语回答。How long have you lived here?你在这住多久了？Since I was born.我自从出生以来一直住在这里。how soon“还要多长（时间）才.”，多用于将来时，用“in+一段时间”回答How soon will they e back?他们要多久才回来？Theyll e back in two weeks.他们两周之后回来。how often“多久一次”，提问动作发生的频率How often do you go home?你多久回家一次？Once a week. 一周一次。18.What do you think was the best part of the day? 你认为那天最好的是什么?do you think在句中作插入语，意为“你认为”，它后面的部分常用陈述语序。插入语一般是对一句话作适当的附加解释，若将其去掉，对整个句子并无多大影响。若把插入语提到句子的前面，它就会成为主要部分，而原来的主要部分则成为一个从句。你认为她什么时候会回来?When do you think she will be back?(do you think为插入语）Do you think when she will be back?(do you think为主句）19.family可数名词“家，家庭，家人”families family是集合名词，作主语时，若指家庭这个整体，则谓语动词用单数形式；指家庭成员时，被视为复数，谓语动词要用复数形式。 His family is big. 他的家庭是一个大家庭。 His family all like reading. 他们全家人都喜欢读书。20.Suzy is not at home at the moment.苏西现在不在家。at the moment介词短语“此刻；现在”，=now用于一般现在时或现在进行时的句子中，作时间状语moment可数名词“瞬间；片刻”。I have nothing to do at the moment. 现在我无事可做。We are watching a movie at the moment. 此刻我们正在看电影。at that moment“在那时候”，用于一般过去时或过去进行时。The girl was washing her clothes at that moment. 在那时候，那个女孩正在洗衣服。21.I see Andy playing on the sand too. 我看见安迪也在沙滩上玩。see sb.doing sth.“看见某人在做某事”。We saw some young people running wildly in the street.我们看见一些年轻人（正)在街上狂跑。see sb doing sth“看见某人正在做某事”，强调动作的正在进行I saw a monkey eating bananas.看见一只猴子正在吃香蕉。see sb do sth“看见某人做过某事”，强调动作自始至终的全过程I saw them get on the bus.我看见他们上了公交车。22.He has been away from Beijing for a week. 他离开北京一周了。be away“不在”，表示“离开”的状态，可以和一段时间连用，away后若有“地点”须加from，即be away from。He has been away from his hometown since 1992.自1992年以来，他就离开了家乡。leave “离开”，非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。23.The film has been on for 20 minutes. 电影已经上演20分钟了。be on“上演；开着”，可以表示延续状态。 The film has been on for half an hour. 电影已经上演半个小时了。Are the lights in your room on? 你房间的灯开着吗?24. die不及物动词“死”。dies(第三人称单数）died（过去式）dying（现在分词）dead（形容词）death（名词）。She is dying. 她快要死了。His father died ten years ago. 他的父亲十年前去世了。die非延续性动词动作不延续，与时间点连用，常用于一般过去时He died 3 years ago.他三年前去世。dead形容词与系动词构成系表结构，用于现在时态He has been dead for 3 years.他去世3年了。25.arrive不及物动词“到达” arrive at +小地点 arrive in+大地点26.I have kept it with me for a few days.我借了它几天了。for介词“达；计”，表示动作或情况持续的时间长度。Bake the cake for 40 minutes. 将蛋赵烘烤40分钟。We have stayed here for two months. 我们已在这儿待了两个月了。for作介词的其他用法：（表示目的、用途）为了；供He does everything only for money. 他做什么都是为了钱。(表示对象）为，给；对于；关于；至于，对而言What did you get for your birthday? 你收到了什么生日礼物?Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多对你的健康有害。（表示目标、去向）往；到My father has left for Shanghai. 我爸爸已动身去上海了。（表示约定的时间）在（时间）Its time for supper. 是吃晚饭的时候了。赞成；支持；同意Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划?代替；代表I looked after the kids for her. 我替她照看孩子。（表示解释理由）因为，由于She was angry with him for being late.她因他迟到而生气了。27.The first dolphin show began at 11:30 a.m.第一场海豚表演是在上午11：30开始的。show可数名词“节目，表演，展览”。There was a fashion show in the theatre yesterday.昨天在剧院里有一场时装表演。on show展览，展出There were a lot of old things on show in the museum last week.上周，博物馆里展出了许多古董。show及物动词“出示，给看”show sb.sth.和show sth.to sb.。Let me show you my new sweater.=let me show my new sweater to you.让我把我的新毛衣给你看看。28.She can go there all year round.一年到头她都可以到那儿去。all year round“一年到头，全年”。Some birds stay in the wetland all year round.有些鸟儿一年到头待在湿地。Mother says that the weather in Kunming is good all year round.妈妈说昆明的天气一年到头都很好。all day long“整天，一天到晚”。You shouldnt watch TV all day long. 你不该一天到晚看电视。29.She can go there in any season except winter.除了冬季之外，她可以在任何季节去那里。except介词“除了之外”，“从整体中除去”，有“减”的意思。She goes to work every day except Sunday.除了星期天，她每天都上班。（星期天不上班）besides“除之外，还有”，有“加”的意思。Besides Japanese,I can speak French.除了日语之外，我还会讲法语。（日语、法语都会讲）except for“除之外”，指非同类事物间的排除，用于对前文所叙述情况的修订和补充。Your position is rather good except for some spelling mistakes.除了几个拼写错误之外，你的作文相当不错。30.mountain指又高又大或连城片的“大山，高山，山脉，群山”Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山峰。mount指“.山”，通常放在山名之前，也可缩略为MtMount Tai 泰山Mount Huang 黄山hill指“小山，丘陵”，比mountain小The people in town often climb the hill in the morning.城镇上的人常常在早上去爬山。31.There may be some rain,but the weather is usually nice at that time of year.那里可能会下雨，但那时候，天气通常很宜人。may 情态动词，表示猜测，意为“可能”。The girl isnt here.She may be in the teachers office.那个女孩不在这里，她可能在老师的办公室里。The boy is very clever.He may know how to work it out.那个男孩很聪明，他可能知道如何解出这道题。may be情态动词+动词原形“也许”，表示猜测，may be 后跟名词、形容词、介词短语等，用作表语。maybe副词“也许，大概”，通常放在句首，相当于perhapsYou may be right. =Maybe you are right. 你也许是对的32.rain不可数名词“雨，雨水”。The crops need rain.庄称需要雨水。rain可数名词“一场雨”。There was a heavy rain last nigh. 昨天晚上下了一场大雨。rain不及物动词“下雨”。It often rains here in summer. 这儿夏天经常下雨。rainy形容词“下雨的，多雨的”。The girl left the hometown on a rainy day.在一个下雨天，那个女孩离开了家乡。33.My dad has been to Chengdu on business twice. 我爸爸去成都出差过两次。on business“出差”His father often goes abroad on business. 他爸爸经常去国外出差。business可数名词“企业，商店，工厂”。They dont know how to run a business. 他们不知道怎样经营一家公司。business不可数名词“商业，生意”。