初中定语从句讲解1.ppt

定语定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词分词、不定式不定式、介词短语介词短语等来担任，修饰等来担任，修饰名词名词。(以以介词短语、介词短语、分词为例）分词为例）例：例：The girl behind the tree is Kate.The man driving too fast was drunk（喝醉的）（喝醉的）.定语从句定语从句在英语中，修饰在英语中，修饰名词名词或或代词代词的的句子句子叫定语从句。叫定语从句。例：例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.The man who was driving too fast was drunk.The Attributive Clause定语从句定语从句1.关系代词如何引导定语从句关系代词如何引导定语从句q普通代词与关系代词的区别普通代词与关系代词的区别I have a sister.She works in Shanghai.代替 sisterq普通代词普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例：只起代替的作用（如上例she)I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.q关系代词关系代词：（如上例（如上例who/that）1.代替代替先行词先行词;2.它还在定语从句中它还在定语从句中担任担任一定的一定的成分成分;3.同时同时连接连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。先行词与它引导的定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）（把主句和从句连起来）2.The building is our school.The building stands by the river.v 关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人人称、数必须和先行词一致。称、数必须和先行词一致。The building which/that stands by the river is our school.先行词先行词 关系词关系词 定语从句定语从句vwhich/that which/that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词行词the building,the building,同时担任从句中的主语，也同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。起来。3.关系词关系词判判 断断 步步 骤骤:v 首先，要看先行词。首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人如果先行词是指人,关系代词关系代词 可用可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果先行词指物如果先行词指物,关系关系 代词可用代词可用which或或that;v 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词先行词 主格主格 宾格宾格 所有格所有格 人人who,thatwho(m),that whose 物物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,of which4.关系词关系词先行词所指先行词所指关系词在句中作用关系词在句中作用关系关系代词代词that人人/物物主、宾、表主、宾、表which物物主、宾、表、定（偶）主、宾、表、定（偶）who人人主、宾主、宾whom人人宾宾whose人人/物物定定关系关系副词副词when时间时间时间状语时间状语where地点地点地点状语地点状语why原因原因原因状语原因状语5.最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致最后，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.注注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.(主句主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实叙述客观事实 用一般现在时用一般现在时)(从句从句)The woman(who/that)spoke at the meeting yesterday.(句中句中yesterday表示过去时间表示过去时间)6.the tallthe strong the cleverboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is Tom7.The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.The boy is Tom.The boy has a round face.The boy who is smiling is Tom.(主语主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom.The boy is Tom.He sits in front of me.The boy who sits in front of me is Tom.8.The man is kind.Everyone likes him.The man(whom)everyone likes is kind.(宾语宾语)The woman got the job.We saw her on the street.The woman(whom)we saw on the street got the job.The teacher will give us a talk.We met the teacher yesterday.The teacher(whom)we met yesterday will give us a talk.9.关系代词关系代词 1.who1.who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom2.whom指人指人,作宾语作宾语 (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如如 介词提前则不能省介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I talked to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr.Li.10.关系代词关系代词 3.whose 3.whose 是代词的所有格形式是代词的所有格形式,它既可以它既可以代人也可以代物。代人也可以代物。Please show me the book.Its cover is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.11.applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big.12.Can you find the pen?I wrote with it just now.Can you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Can you find the pen(which)I wrote with just now?13.4.which 4.which 指物，作主语或宾语指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾作宾 语可省略语可省略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)These are the trees which were planted last year.The TV set(which)he bought yesterday is made in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?14.1)This is the hero(whom)we are proud of.This is the hero of whom we are proud.This is the hero(that)we are proud of.2)The room(that)I live in is very big.The room(which)I live in is very big.The room in which I live is very big.注意:固定动介词组不可分割固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前介词不能提前.例如例如:look after,look at 关系代词与介词关系代词与介词:介词放在关系代词的前介词放在关系代词的前面时面时,介词宾语只能用介词宾语只能用which代物代物,用用whom代人。代人。(介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略关系词可以省略)The room where I live is very big.15.定语从句中需注意事项定语从句中需注意事项 有些情况下只用关系词有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用而不宜用which1.从句所修饰的词又被从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级形容词最高级或或序数序数词词修饰时修饰时 This is the most interesting story(that)I have ever heard.The first meeting(that)we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.2.先行词是先行词是 something,nothing,anything等等不定代词不定代词时时 Here is something(that)I will tell you.16.3.先行词既有先行词既有人人也有也有物物时时,只能用只能用that I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that)I see.4.先行词是先行词是one of,the one,或用或用 little,much,few,no,all,some,any,the only,the very,the same,the last 作修饰时作修饰时 Is it the one that you want?I havent got much that I can offer you.5.当当主句主句已有已有疑问词疑问词 who或或which时，用时，用that Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?17.注注:who、that在指人可以通用，但下列在指人可以通用，但下列宜用宜用 who,不用不用that 1).先行词是先行词是anyone,someone,those时，关时，关系词使用系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.Is there anyone who wants to go there?2).在在there be 句型中，先行词指人句型中，先行词指人,关系词关系词用用who There is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are against him.18.关系副词关系副词 关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样代词一样,在从句中代替先行词在从句中代替先行词,在句中在句中作状语作状语。where:在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点指代地点.when:在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。1.The hotel wasnt clean.+We stayed at the hotel.The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel(which)we stayed at wasnt clean.19.2.Ill never forget the day.I joined the Party on that day.Ill never forget the day when I joined the Party.Ill never forget the day on which I joined the Party.20.(1)The scientist is very famous in the world.We met her yesterday.The scientist we met yesterday is very who famous in the world.whom that(2)The dress is new.She is wearing it.The dress that she is wearing is new.which 21.(3)He is the kind person.I have ever worked with him.(4)This is the best film.I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person that I have ever worked who with.whom This is the best film that I have ever seen.22.单项选择。1.This is the job _they laughed at.A.which B.as C.it D.who 2.Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago.A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where3.Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting?A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen4.The man _is painting the house is my uncle.A.heB.whom C.whose D.who5.What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket?A.who B.whose C.its D.whichACBDB23.6.This book is for the students _mother language isnt English.A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos7.The robbers shouted,“Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!”A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful.A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which9The boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now.A.whose B.who C.his D./10.The man_ is smoking is a bus driver.A.whom B.who C.which D.whatCCAAB24.1.This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.A.thatB.who C.whom D.this2.The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher.A.whom B.which C.whoD./3.The girl _ you saw in the street is Mary.A.thatB.whose C.whichD.asAAA定语从句练习定语从句练习25.4.Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday?A.the oneB.which C.who D.whom5.Is this factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday?A.the one B.that C.which D./6.The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A.whichB.that C./D.itBbB定语从句练习定语从句练习26.7.The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police.A.whichB.in which C.thatD.all8._ cleans the blackboard should be praised.A.That B.Who C.The one who D.The students who9.Please show me the book _ you bought yesterday.A.whichB.whom C.whose D.thisCCA定语从句练习定语从句练习27.10.This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year.A.whoB.whom C.which D./11.This is the only article of these that _ written by him.A.wasB.were C.isD.are12.The man _ was here just now is a doctor.A.whomB.who C./D.heDCB定语从句练习定语从句练习28.13.The boy _ has two lovely dogs.A.who live next door B.which lives next door C.whom lives next door D.that lives next door14.Those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands.A.whichB.whom C.thatD.who15.The farm _ we stayed last week is a lovely place for a holiday.A.when B.where C.that D.at thatDDB定语从句练习定语从句练习29.16.He is the most careful boy _ I know.A.whatB.which C.as D./17.This is the school _ Mr.Smith once taught.A.in thatB.when C.whereD.there18.Have you visited the house _ the famous scientist was born?A.whereB.in that C.that D.whichDCA定语从句练习定语从句练习30.19.The factory _ Mr.Li used to work was closed last week.A.whenB.where C.thatD.which20.Do you still remember the day _ we first met?A.thatB.when C.what D.on thatBB定语从句练习定语从句练习31.21.October 1,1949 is the day _ well never forget.A.when B.that C.whereD.in which22.October 1,1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.A.whichB.when C.whereD.in which23.Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?A.whichB.where C.in whichD.whatBBA定语从句练习定语从句练习32.24.Is this museum _ they visited last month?A.thatB.which C.whereD.the one25.I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A.whatB.which C.thatD.whereDD定语从句练习定语从句练习33.26.Have you seen the girl _?A.that I told B.I told you of C.whom I told D.I told of27.The days are gone _ we use“foreign matches”.A.during when B.during that C.on which D.during which 28.Finally the thief handed in everything _ he had stolen to the police.A.whichB.that C.what D.whateverDBB定语从句练习定语从句练习34.根据汉语完成句子：根据汉语完成句子：1.This is the engineer _ (给我们作关于计算机报告的给我们作关于计算机报告的)the other day.2.My necklace is not _.(唯一不见的东西唯一不见的东西).3.The man_ (在这间房子里工作的在这间房子里工作的)is an English teacher.4.The old building_(我们住的我们住的)has been here for 30 years.5.The history book _(封皮是黄的）封皮是黄的）was lost.who gave us a talk about computersthe only thing thats missingwho works in the room(that/which)we live inwhose cover is yellow35.根据汉语完成句子：根据汉语完成句子：6.Here is the pen _ .(你昨天丢失的）你昨天丢失的）7.This is the best book_ _.(我读过的）我读过的）8.I have lost the pen_.（我父亲给我买的）（我父亲给我买的）9.Wheat is a plant_ _.（中国北方（中国北方 种植的）种植的）10.I dont like the people_.(说得多说得多,做得少的）做得少的）(that)you lost yesterday.(that)I have ever read(which/that)my father bought me which/that is grownwho talk too much but do littlein the north of China36.