英语专业泛读unit-3-Food-Fight-1.ppt

Itreferstoafightagainst“geneticallymodifiedfood”(GMF)esp.betweenE.U.(theEuropeanUnion)andU.S.(theUnitedStates)Lecturer:XuHongyanUnit3FoodFightTime,Mon.Sep.13,19991精选课件II.AuthornJeffrey Kluger is a senior writer at Time magazine,covering science in general and the space program in particular and author of several books on science topics including Splendid Solution:Jonas Salk and the Conquest of Polio;Simplexity;Journey Beyond Selene;and Lost Moon:The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13,whichservedasthebasisofthe1995movie,Apollo 13.2精选课件1.Geneticallymodifiedfood(Frankenfood)nScientists have rewoven thegenes of countless fruits andvegetables,(toenhancedesiredtraits)nturning everyday crops intober-cropsabletoresistfrost,withstandherbicidesandevenproduce their own pesticides.(Para.3)nThe crops created for humanand animal consumption iscalledGMfood.3精选课件nGeneticallyModifiedFood(GMF)Foodmadebyreweavingthegenesofcountlessfruitsandvegetablesorbytakingagenefromoneplantoranimal&puttingitinanothern转基因食品是利用现代分子生物技术，将某些生物的基因转移到其他物种中去，改造生物的遗传物质，使其在形状、营养品质、消费品质等方面向人们所需要的目标转变。以转基因生物为直接食品或为原料加工生产的食品就是“转基因食品”。4精选课件nGMtomatoproducedbyMonsantoCompanyfirstappearedinAmericain19945精选课件ThedevelopmentofgeneticallymodifiedfoodNow,Insect-resistantSince that,increased by 52 timesIn 1996,large-scale production In 1994,the U.S.first case of GM food is tomatoesIn 1983,worlds first case of successful cultivation is tobacco6精选课件2.GMcropsaroundtheworldMost European counreiesAmericaCanadaArgentina China and many other countriesWidely plantedforbideconfused7精选课件TheglobaldistributionofGMfood8精选课件 Recently,ChinaissuedcertificatesforgeneticallymodifiedriceHuahuinumberHuahuinumberoneandBtShanyou63.oneandBtShanyou63.我我国最近为转基因抗虫水国最近为转基因抗虫水稻稻“华恢华恢1 1号号”和和“BtBt汕优汕优6363”发放了安全证书。发放了安全证书。9精选课件Types of genetically modified crops10精选课件SampleGMproducts11精选课件12精选课件mushroom?13精选课件 we are fluorescentprotein fishes，fabulous？14精选课件15精选课件StrangeInvaders16精选课件3.Geneticallymodifiedfoods(GMF)devilorangel17精选课件3.1TheadvantagesofGMfoodn1.Theyaremorenutritiousandmuchtastier.n2.Remainfreshlonger.n3.Theycanhelpreduce worldhunger.n4.Theyhaveinbuiltpesticidesandherbicides.n5.Theyaremoretoleranttoextremeenvironmentsuchaspoorsoiloradverseclimates.n6.GMcropsaremoreproductive(largeryield).(improveagriculturalproduction)n7.GMcropscansavecostandlaborofproduction.n8.Theycouldpossiblyeliminateallergy-causingpropertiesinsomefoods.n18精选课件3.2ThedisadvantagesofGMfoodn1.GMtechnologyisstillininfancyandhasnotbeentestedthoroughly.n2.Therearealotofpotentialdangers(suchaspotentialallergicreactionsandpotentialtoxin)forhumanbeingsandanimals.n3.Theymaydevelopnewdiseases/newallergens/toxinn4.“Geneticpollution”destroyedthebiodiversitymayleadtoextinctionofindividualspecies.n5.Mayharmhumangrowthandaffectwildlifeanditsenvironment.n6.Theappearanceofpesticide-resistantinsectsandherbicide-resistantplants.19精选课件20精选课件4.Homework.nYouarerequiredtowriteacompositionnamedMy Views on GM Food byconsideringthefollowingquestions.n1.WhatdoyouthinkofGMfoods?n2.DoyouthinkGMfoodsistheanswertoworldhunger?n3.DoyouagreeordisagreewiththecommercializationofGMfoods?n4.Isgeneticsengineeringethical?n5.Wemustaskourselves“Doeshumanshaverightsto“playgod”andtomanipulateanimalsandplantsgenetically”?21精选课件nAherbicideisachemicalthatisusedtodestroyplants,especiallyweeds.22精选课件nPesticidesarechemicalswhichfarmersputontheircropstokillharmfulinsects.23精选课件nfluorescent英fluresntnadj.荧光的；发荧光的；（颜色、材料等）强烈反光的；发亮的nAfluorescentsurface,substance,orcolourhasaverybrightappearancewhenlightisdirectedontoit,asifitisactuallyshiningitself.nprotein英pruti:nadj.蛋白质的24精选课件Roundupn农达就是41%的草甘膦！农达（Roundup）41%水剂，是美国孟山都公司研制并全球性开发的一种非选择性、无残留的苗后除草剂，通过植物叶片和非木质化的茎杆吸收、传导到植物全株各部位，对多年生宿根性杂草，以及各种一年生和越年生的禾木科、莎草科和阔叶杂草、小灌木等，都有优异的防除效果。农达作为一种灭生性、内吸传导型的茎叶处理除草剂，可以在农作物播种或移栽之前，直接喷雾于确定的作物区、非作物区和水域除草，也可以利用作物和杂草之间的高度差异、出土展叶期差异以及某些生物形态结构的差异，有选择地从作物中除去不同的杂草25精选课件BeneluxnBeneluxBenelux Economic Union(1948年签约成立的)比荷卢经济联盟nBeneluxEconomicUnionnEuropeanCommunitynEuropeanUnion26精选课件WallStreetnWallStreetisthebankingcenterofNewYorkCityandthefinancialcentreofAmerica.NewYorkStockExchange(纽约证券交易所)issituatedonthisstreet.nThestatueofthecopperbullinfrontoftheNewYorkStockExchangesymbolizesbullmarket.27精选课件III.StructureoftheTextPartI(para.1-2)protestagainsttheMcDonaldsfoodinFranceandreasonsPartII(para.3-7)PopularityofGMfoodandcausesPartIII(para.8-14)BadeffectsofGMfood&foodfightbetweenE.U.&U.S.PartIV(lastpara.)Conclusion:ConsumersattitudesdeterminethepopularityoftheGMfood28精选课件FoodFightUnit329精选课件转基因食品转基因食品n简介转基因食品转基因食品(GeneticallyModifiedFoods,GMF)是指利用分子生物学手段，将某些生物的基因转移到其它生物物种上，使其出现原物种不具有的性状或产物，以转基因生物为原料加工生产的食品就是转基因食品。通过这种技术人类可以获得更符合要求的食品品质，它具有产量高、营养丰富、抗病力强的优势，但它可能造成的遗传基因污染也是它的明显缺陷。含有转基因生物体或其成份、或者含有转基因生物体外源性基因表达产物的食品30精选课件n通过生物科技，科学家将某个基因从生物中分离出来，然后植入另一种生物体内，从而使得该生物具有前者生物的基因优点。例如，科学家认为北极鱼体内某个基因有防冻作用，于是将它抽出，再植入番茄内，制造新品种的耐寒番茄。含有转基因生物成分的食品称为转基因食品。n转基因的动植物是人造的生物，而不是自然界原有的品种，它们对地球的生态系统来说，都属于外来品种。由于转基因的生物一样有繁殖及与近亲交配的能力，如果它被释放到环境中，一旦出错，也难以补救。到目前为止，转基因食品在推出市场前都没有经过长远的安全评估，人类长期食用是否安全仍然成疑，而科学界对这些食品是否安全也没有共识。31精选课件32精选课件进口转基因大豆：从港口采集到的进口转基因大豆，呈扁圆或椭圆、色泽暗黄，与国产大豆明显区别是豆脐呈黄褐色，俗称“黑脐豆”。n33精选课件34精选课件35精选课件36精选课件37精选课件38精选课件Whatsyouridea?39精选课件n1.manurenNounmassnounanimaldungusedforfertilizinglandn粪肥nanycompostorartificialfertilizer混合肥；化肥nVerbwithobj.(常作bemanured)applymanureto(land)（给土地）施肥nthegroundshouldbewelldugandmanured.n这块地应该好好翻一翻而且多施些肥。40精选课件n2.dump:verbwithobj.ndepositordisposeof(rubbish,waste,orunwantedmaterial),typicallyinacarelessorhurriedwayn堆放，扔掉，倾倒（垃圾或废料等）ntrucksdumped1,900tonsofrefusehere.卡车在这里倾倒了1,900吨废物。putdownorabandon(something)hurriedlyinordertomakeanescape（为逃跑而）丢弃，扔掉nthecoupledumpedthecarandfled.这一对男女弃车而逃。nput(something)downfirmlyorheavilyandcarelessly猛地放下，沉重地扔下nshedumpedherknapsackonthefloor.她将背包重重地往地板上一扔。n(informal)abandonordesert(someone)(非正式)抛弃，遗弃，离开（某人）nhisgirlfrienddumpedhimforbeingfat.n他的女朋友因为他太胖而抛弃了他。nsend(goodsunsaleableinthehomemarket)toaforeignmarketforsaleatalowprice（在国外）倾销nthesecountrieshavebeendumpingcheapfertilizersontheUKmarket.n这些国家一直在英国市场上倾销廉价化肥。41精选课件nasitefordepositingrubbishn垃圾场nusu.withmodifieraplacewhereaparticularkindofwaste,especiallydangerouswaste,isleftn（尤指有害物的）废料场nanuclearwastedump.n核废料场42精选课件n3.bland:adjectivenlackingstrongfeaturesorcharacteristicsandthereforeuninteresting特点不鲜明的，枯燥乏味的nrebellingagainsttheblanduniformity.对那种刻板的千篇一律。n(offoodordrink)unseasoned,mild-tasting,orinsipidn（食品，饮料）未加调料的，清淡的，无味的n(ofapersonortheirbehaviour)showingnostrongemotion;dullandunremarkablen（人或其行为）漠然的；平庸的；索然无味的nhisexpressionwasblandandunreadable.n他的表情漠然，叫人猜不透。43精选课件n4.hegemony:massnounleadershipordominance,especiallybyonestateorsocialgroupoverothersn（尤指一个国家或社会团体对别的国家或社会团体的）领导（权），支配（权），统治（权），霸权nGermanywasunitedunderPrussianhegemonyafter1871.n1871年后，在普鲁士人的统治下，德国统一了。44精选课件n5.genteel:adjectivenpolite,refined,orrespectable,especiallyinanaffectedorostentatious(夸耀的)waysoastoappearupperclassn彬彬有礼的，优雅的（尤指假装斯文）n6.nasty:highlyunpleasant,especiallytothesenses;physicallynauseating令人作呕的；恶心的nplasticbagsburnwithanasty,acridsmell.塑料袋燃烧时散发出令人恶心的辛辣味道。n(oftheweather)unpleasantlycoldorwet（天气）湿冷的；极恶劣的nitsanastyoldnight.这是个湿冷的鬼夜晚。nrepugnanttothemind;morallybad烦人的，讨厌的；下流的，龌龊的nherstoriesareverynasty,fullofmurderandviolence.她的故事充斥了谋杀和暴力，让人厌恶。45精选课件n(ofapersonoranimal)behavinginanunpleasantorspitefulwayn（人，动物）使人厌恶的；恶意的nHarrywasanasty,n-mouthedolddevil.哈里是个令人厌恶、满嘴脏话的老魔鬼。nwhensheconfrontedhimheturnednasty.她一与他对抗，他就变得恶毒起来。nannoyingorunwelcome恼人的；不受欢迎的nlifehasanastyhabitofrepeatingitself.生活总是讨厌地重复。nphysicallyormentallydamagingorharmfuln（对身体或精神）有损伤（或有害）的；能伤身的；令人不快的nanasty,vicious-lookinghatchet.n一把看上去杀气腾腾、令人不快的短柄小斧。n(ofaninjury,illness,oraccident)havingcausedharm;severe（伤害、疾病或事故）厉害的；严重的nanastybangonthehead.砰地猛撞到脑袋。46精选课件nHowtomakegeneticallyengineeredcrops?n7.clear:withobj.giveofficialapprovalorauthorizationto批准；授权nIclearedhimtoreturntohissquadron.n我批准他回空军中队。ngetofficialapprovalfor(something)n获得批准，得到认可nthepressreleaseshadtobeclearedwiththeWhiteHouse.n新闻稿须经白宫批准公布。47精选课件About MonsantonMonsantowasfirstestablishedin1901anddevelopedintoagiantbusinessenterpriseoverthepast100years.nForty-threecompanyscientistsjointheranksofMonsantoFellows,expandingthescientificrecognitionprogramtoincludescientistsfromMonsantosBiotechnology,Breeding,Genomics,MolecularBreedingandRegulatoryorganizations.ThetotalnumberofScienceFellowsisnow70.48精选课件n8.fallible:adjectivencapableofmakingmistakesorbeingerroneousn可能出错的；易出错的nexpertscanbefallible.专家也可能出错。nInfallible:incapableofmakingmistakesorbeingwrongn不会犯错的，无误的ndoctorsarenotinfallible.n医生不是不会犯错的。49精选课件n9.Butmanypeoplequestionwhetheritsagoodideaforfalliblehumanbeingstogomuckingaboutwiththegenesofotherspecies.n(但是，许多人提出疑问：让容易犯错的人类摆弄其他物种的基因是否是个好主意。)nmuck:(mucksomethingup)(informal)mishandleajoborsituation;spoilsomethingn(非正式)把搞砸，把弄糟nshehadmuckedupherfirstfewweeksatcollege.n她进大学后头几个星期事情一团糟。nMucksomethingabout/aroundwith:spoilsomethingbyinterferingwithit.耍弄；瞎弄ne.g.Someonehasbeenmuckingaboutwithmybicycle.50精选课件n10.windup:informalnarriveorendupinaspecifiedstate,situation,orplacen抵达；（以某状态，情况或在某地）结束nKevinwindsupinNewYork.n凯文终于抵达纽约。n11.assuch:oftenwithnegativeintheexactsenseoftheword严格意义上的nitispossibletostayovernightherealthoughthereisnoguesthouseassuch.n虽然没有严格意义上的旅店，但还是有可能在这过一夜的。51精选课件n12.tweak:withobj.ntwistorpull(something)sharply扭，拧nhetweakedtheboysear.他拧了男孩的耳朵。n(informal)improve(amechanismorsystem)bymakingfineadjustmentstoit(非正式)（通过微调）改进（机械，系统）nengineerstweakthecarsoperatingsystemsduringtherace.n比赛期间，机械师对这辆车的操作系统进行了改进。nnounnasharptwistorpull扭，拧n(informal)afineadjustmenttoamechanismorsystemn(非正式)（机械，系统）改进52精选课件n13.intimidate:verbnfrightenoroverawe(someone),especiallyinordertomakethemdowhatonewantsn（为使别人服从）恫吓，威吓，恐吓，威胁（他人）nthefortsaredesignedtointimidatethenationalistpopulation.n堡垒是为恫吓民族主义大众设置的。nasadj.intimidatingtheintimidatingdefencebarrister.咄咄逼人的被告辩护律师。53精选课件n14.Whilethatmaybe,thefactremainsthattheU.S.Congressmayaddressalabelingbillofitsownlaterthisyear,andsomeprivategroupsarethreateninglawsuitstoforcetheissue.n(事情也许会是这样，但事实还是美国国会今年晚些时候会制定他们自己的商标法案，而一些私人团体正在威胁要诉诸法律迫使制定这条法案。)nAddress:thinkaboutandbegintodealwithanissueorproblem.e.g.Afundamentalproblemhasstilltobeaddressed.54精选课件n14.address:speakto(apersonoranassembly),typicallyinaformalwayn（多指正式）对讲话，致词nsheaddressedtheopen-airmeeting.她在一露天集会上致词。n(addresssomeoneas)namesomeoneinthespecifiedwaywhentalkingtothem称呼nsheaddressedmyfatherasMrStevens.n他称我父亲为史蒂文斯先生。n(addresssomethingto)sayorwriteremarksoraprotestto诉说，书面提交naddressyourcomplaintstotheTradingStandardsBoard.n向贸易标准委员会提交你的投诉。nthinkaboutandbegintodealwith(anissueorproblem)n考虑处理（问题）nafundamentalproblemhasstilltobeaddressed.还有一个基本问题要处理55精选课件n15.ThefarmersinFranceareright,observesDennisDemocratfromCleveland,Ohio,whostumbledacrosstheGM-foodissuethisyear,andisturningitintosomethingofacause.n(俄亥俄州克利夫兰的丹尼丝德莫克利特说，“法国的农民是对的，没有什么比食物跟人类的关系更密切。”他今年碰到了转基因食物这件事，正把它当成一件事业来做。)nStumble across/on/upon:findorencounterbychance.e.g.Apolicehadstumbledacrossagangofyouths.56精选课件n16.outcry:anexclamationorshoutn喊叫，呼号，呐喊nanoutcryofspontaneouspassion.n不由自主地发出的充满激情的呼喊。nastrongexpressionofpublicdisapprovalorangern大声疾呼；强烈抗议强烈抗议反对(against);强烈要求(for)thepublicoutcryoverthebombing.n公众对轰炸的强烈抗议。57精选课件n17.portend:withobj.beasignorwarningthat(something,especiallysomethingmomentous【重大的】orcalamitous【灾难的】)islikelytohappenn预示（重大或灾难事件）可能发生ntheeclipsesportendsomemajorevents.n日食月食预示某些重大事件可能发生。58精选课件n18.Monsanto,whichproducesthehugelypopularherbicideRoundup,hasmadejustasbigahitwithitslineofgeneticallymodifiedcropsthatareimmunetotheRounduppoisonn(蒙生特公司生产了颇受大众欢迎的除草剂Roundup，他们的转基因作物的生产线也非常轰动。因为这种转基因作物对Roundup毒有免疫作用)nMake a hit:bepopularorsuccessfule.g.Youmadeabighitwithher.59精选课件n19.provide(aservice)给予，提供（服务）nmoneyservesasarewardforservicesrendered.钱用作对所提供的服务的一种报酬。ngive(help)援助nMrsEvanswouldrenderassistancetothoseshethoughtwereinrealneed.n埃文斯夫人愿意援助那些她认为确实需要帮助的人。nsubmitorpresentforinspectionorconsiderationn（供审查，考虑）提交，呈报nhewouldrenderincometaxreturnsattheendoftheyear.n他会在年末提交应纳所得税申报书。n(poetic/literary)handover(诗文)交出，献出nhewillrenderuphisimmortalsoul.他将献出他那不灭的灵魂。ndeliver(averdictorjudgement)作出（裁决，宣判）nthejurysfindingamountedtotheclearestverdictyetrendereduponthescandal.n陪审团的裁决是迄今为止对这丑闻作出的最清楚的结论。nwithobj.andcomplementcausetobeorbecome;make使成为；使得ntherainsrenderedhisescapeimpossible.n下雨使他无法逃跑。60精选课件n20.scrap:(scrapped,scrapping)nwithobj.(常作bescrapped)discardorremovefromservice(aredundant,old,orinoperativevehicle,vessel,ormachine),especiallysoastoconvertittoscrapmetaln丢掉；报废；废弃nabolddecisionwastakentoscrapexistingplant.n作出了一个大胆的决定，报废现有的工厂。nabolishorcancel(something,especiallyaplan,policy,orlaw)whichisnowregardedasunnecessary,unwanted,orunsuitablen废除；取消（计划，政策，法律）nthechairmanscrappedplanstobuythestadiumhimself.n主席取消了亲自去购买体育场的计划。n语源61精选课件nnoun.asmallpieceoramountofsomething,especiallyonethatisleftoverafterthegreaterparthasbeenusedn碎片，小块；少量nIscribbledheraddressonascrapofpaper.n我在一小片纸上记下她的地址。nscrapsofinformation.n零碎信息。n(scraps)bitsofuneatenfoodleftafterameal,especiallywhenfedtoanimalsn剩饭菜；泔脚nhefilledSammysbowlswithfreshwaterandscraps.n他把萨米的碗装满清水和剩饭剩菜。62精选课件nstrain:abreed,stock,orvarietyofananimalorplantdevelopedbybreeding（动、植物的）系，品系；品种，种类nanaturalorculturedvarietyofamicro-organismwithadistinctform,biochemistry,orvirulencen（微生物的）（菌）株，（菌）系；品种；类型naparticulartendencyaspartofapersonscharactern品质，气质；生性，生性特点ntherewasapowerfulstrainofinsanityonhermotherssideofthefamily.在她母亲的家族方面有很强的精神病遗传特性。navarietyofaparticularabstractthingn（抽象东西的）种，类，类型nastrainoffeministthought.n一种女权主义的思想。63精选课件nVerbwithobj.force(apartofonesbodyoroneself)tomakeastrenuousorunusuallygreateffortn竭尽全力，使（身体部位）充分发挥功能nIstoppedandlistened,strainingmyearsforanysound.n我停下来听，竖起耳朵倾听任何的声响。ninjure(alimb,muscle,ororgan)byoverexertingitortwistingitawkwardly（因过劳而）扭伤，损伤（四肢，肌肉，器官）noncolddaysyouaremorelikelytostrainamuscle.n在寒冷的日子更容易拉伤肌肉。nnoobj.makeastrenuousandcontinuouseffortn尽力，努力，使劲nhisvoicewassoquietthatIhadtostraintohearit.64精选课件n21.jumpy:(jumpier,jumpiest)n(informal)(ofaperson)anxiousanduneasyn(非正式)（人）焦虑不安的，胆战心惊的nhewastiredandjumpy.n他疲惫不堪，焦虑不安。ncharacterizedbyabruptstopsandstartsoranirregularcoursen跳动的ajumpypulse.65精选课件n22.contaminateverbnwithobj.(常作becontaminated)make(something)impurebyexposuretooradditionofapoisonousorpollutingsubstancen使不纯；污染；弄脏；毒害nthesitewasfoundtobecontaminatedbyradioactivity(核辐射).n发现此地受放射性污染。ntheentertainmentindustryisabletocontaminatethemindofthepublic.n娱乐业能毒害公众的思想。nasadj.contaminatedcontaminatedbloodproducts.n受污染的血液制品。66精选课件n23.fussy:(fussier,fussiest)n(ofaperson)fastidiousaboutonesneedsorrequirements;hardtoplease（人）爱挑剔的；难取悦的nheisveryfussyaboutwhatheeats.n他对于吃非常挑剔。nshowingexcessiveoranxiousconcernaboutdetailn对细节过分注重（或特别担忧）的nEleanorpattedherhairwithquick,fussymovements.n埃莉诺快速地、小心翼翼地轻拍头发。nfullofunnecessarydetailordecorationn过分讲究的，过分装饰的nIhatefussyclothes.n我讨厌花里胡哨的衣服。67精选课件n24.outlaw:withobj.ban;makeillegal禁止；取缔nsecondarypicketinghasbeenoutlawed.n设置第二纠察线的做法已被宣布为违法。nasadj.outlawedtheoutlawedterroristgroup.n被宣布为非法的恐怖主义团体。n(historical)deprive(someone)ofthebenefitandprotectionofthelawn(史)剥夺的法律权益和保护，剥夺公民权n派生68精选课件n25.catfight:(informal)afightbetweenwomenn(非正式)女人和女人之间的斗殴，女人打架n26.vengeancemassnounpunishmentinflictedorretribu