深圳牛津英语初一上学期知识点汇总.doc

初一上学期
Chapter 1 Making friends
I.知识点和课堂练习
A. 重点词组
1.be keen on 热衷于 2.e from 来自 3.enjoy playing rugby 喜欢打橄榄球
4.hear from sb 收到某人来信 5.make friends with sb 与某人交朋友 6.play football 踢足球
7.play tennis/chess 打网球/下棋 9.live with sb 和某人住在一起 10. reply to 回复
11.speak Chinese 讲汉语 12.write to sb 给某人写信 13. would like to do sth 想做某事 14.work as 从事 15.walk to school 步行上学 16.at the top-right corner在右上角
17.a letter from a penfriend笔友的一封信 18.a photo of myself 我的一张照片 19.in the middle of 在…中间 20. a boy called Jim 一个叫JIM的男孩 21.one’s favourite sport 某人最喜欢的运动
B.解释句子
1. What’s your height? = How tall are you?
2. What’s your weight? = How heavy are you ?
3. What’s your age? = How old are you?
4. What’s the length of it? = How long is it?
5. He owns a restaurant. = He has a restaurant. / He is the owner of the restaurant.
6. I would like to be an architect. = I want to be an architect.
7. He is my favourite singer. = Of all the singers, I like him best.
8. I heard from him yesterday. = I received a letter from him yesterday.
9. He enjoys reading. = He likes reading.
10. They e from Beijing. = They are from Beijing.
Where do they e from? = Where are they from?
11. He is keen on skiing. = He is very interested in skiing.
12. I don’t know someone called Scott. = I don’t know someone named Scott.
13.He has a friend called Lin.He has a friend named Lin.
14.He lives in a city. The city is called Shenzhen.He lives in a city called Shenzhen.
15.Where do you e from?Where are you from?
16. He works as an architect.He is an architect.
17. He enjoys reading.He likes reading.
18. My favourite hobby is playing chess.Of all the hobbies, I like playing chess best.
C. 不定冠词a/an的用法
a后接辅音开头的单词， an 后接元音开头的单词。注意是根据读音而不是根据字母来判断是用a/an.
5个元音的字母音 a [ei] e [i:] i [ai] o [əu] u [u:]
5个元音的短元音：
a [əe] bag cat hat map
e [e] pen bed ten hen
I [i] big pig sit hill
o [כ] box hot dog frog
u [u] but mum bus mug
12个单元音：
短元音[əe] [e] [i] [כ] [۸] [u] [ə]
长元音 [i:] [כ:] [a:] [u:] [ə:]
8个双元音：[ei] [ai] [əu] [au] [כi] [iə] [eə] [uə]
一般而言,元音字母在单词中发元音,辅音字母在单词中发辅音，但偶有特例
特例 an hour 一个小时 an honest boy一个诚实的男孩
a university一所大学 a useful/useless thing 有用/无用的东西
a European (cat) 一个欧洲人/一只欧洲猫 a usual day 平常的一天
a one-day holiday 一天的假期
2.特殊疑问词
what什么(可以用来询问/职业/年龄/年级/号码/颜色/时间/价格/人口或是询问某人怎么了) what colour / what is your name(age/you number/favourite sport) /what time/what colour/what class/what day/ what is the population of /what is wrong with/what about/what do you think of ..?
when什么时间(大概的) what time 具体的时间
where什么地点/who谁/whose谁的/which哪一…/why为什么
how怎样
◆ ---How do you go to school? ---I go to school on foot.
◆ --- How is your father?---He is well now.
how old多大年龄 how many多少(后接名词复数) how much多少(不可数)；多少钱
how long物体的长度；时间长度 ( for +一段时间 ) how soon多久以后( in+一段时间)
---How soon will you go? ---In two days.
how often多久一次 ---How often do you brush your teeth? ---Once a day.
how far路程的长度 how tall(high)多高 how heavy多重
◆---How far is it from Beijing to Guangzhou?
---It’s about 2000 km away.
---It’s twenty hour's ride in train from Beijing to Guangzhou
3.and,but,so的用法
and 表示并列的连接，用来连接对等的单词、短语和句子；but 用来表示转折关系；so 表示因果“因此，所以”
◆because 和so 不可同时连用
Because he felt tied, so he fell asleep soon. ( ×)
Because he felt tied, he fell asleep soon. ( √)
He felt tied, so he fell asleep soon. ( √) II. 课后练习
Chapter two. Our daily life

I. 课堂知识点
A． 重点的词组
1.be in charge of 负责；管理 2.look after 照顾 3. lose one’s temper 发脾气
4.stay up 熬夜 5. brush one’s teeth 刷牙 6. go to school 上学 7. watch TV 看电视8. play table tennis 大乒乓球 9.ride a motorbike 骑摩托 10.play the piano 弹钢琴 11. play puter games 玩电脑游戏 12. be similar to sb 和某人相似 13.be different from 与什么不一样 14.be at school 在学校上学 15.get up 起床 16.make a phone call to sb 和某人通xx 17. fail the exam 考试不及格 18.on one’s way to school 在上学的路上19. in an hour or two. 在一到两小时内 18. attend the club 参加俱乐部
补充：
1. one of the top students 尖子生之一 注意： one of + 可数名词复数
2. put on / take off the school uniform 穿上/脱下校服 (强调动作)
wear the school uniform 穿校服（强调状态）
3. discuss business = talk about business 讨论生意
4. drive sb to school/ work 开车送人去上学/上班
5. make phone calls to clients = call clients = phone clients给顾客打xx
6. achieve A grades = get A grades 取得A的成绩
7. fail an exam/ pass an exam 考试不及格/ 考试及格
fail to do 没有做成…
succeed in doing sth 成功做…
8. collect sb from a place 从…接人
9. return to (a place) = go back to (a place) 返回某地 return home = go back home
return sth to sb = give sth back to sb. 还东西给某人
10. attend a club / a meeting/ a course 出席俱乐部的活动/会议/参加课程学习
辨析：attend , join, join in , take part in 都表示“参加”，但搭配的短语不一样。
join + 团体、组织、党派 如：join the army/ the Pary 参军/ 入党
join in / take part in +活动、比赛 如： join in / take part in the game/match 参加活动/比赛
attend + 会议、课程
attend a meeting = be present at a meeting. 出席会议
11. have meetings / a meeting 开会
12. assist sb with sth = help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
assist sb to do sth = help sb (to) do sth
13. continue doing = go on doing = keep doing sth 继续做某事
14. in an hour or two = in one or two hours 一至两小时
15. be similar to 和…相似
16. be different from = be not the same as 和…不同
17. be the same as 和…一样
18. on the way to a place , on one’s way to a place去某地的路上
on the way home. 在回家的路上
19. lose one’s temper with sb. = get angry with sb 发某人的脾气 (lose- lost) (get- got)
have a good / bad temper 脾气好/坏
20. take one’s temperature 量体温
21．tell the truth 说真话 tell lies / tell a lie 说谎话
区别： truth n. 事实，真理
true adj. 真实的, 正确的 a true story 真实的故事 true or false 对还是错
22. stay up (late) 熬夜
stay up doing sth 熬夜做某事 （经常性的或已发生）
stay up to do sth 熬夜去做某事 (还没有发生，计划去做)
23. look after sb = take care of sb 照顾某人
24. be in charge of = be responsible for 负责；管理
B．解释句子
1.We discuss business at breakfast.We talk about business at breakfast.
2.My driver drives me to school in a car.My driver drives me to school by car.
3.I sometimes make phone calls to clients on the way to school.
I sometimes call clients on the way to school.
4.I never fail an exam.I always pass an exam.
5.Then I return to school.Then I go back to school.
6.Other students often ask me to assist them.Other students often ask me to help them.
7.Then I continued working on my games.Then I went on working on my games.
8.She is one of the top students in Shenzhen.She is one of the best students in Shenzhen.
9.She is different from her sister.She is not the same as her sister.
10.He is in charge of his pany.He is responsible for his pany.
11．He looks after his little brother.He takes care of his little brother.
12. He tells the truth.He doesn’t tell a lie.
13.He doesn’t often lose his temper with others.He isn’t often angry with others.
B．一般现在时的构成
1. Be 动词的肯定（否定）句的构成：主语(I/单数/复数)+BE（am.is are）+（not）+其他。I am（not）A teacher.
2.BE 动词的疑问句的构成：BE（am.is are）+主语(I/单数/复数)+其他？Is it a girl? 回答:No,主语+be +not No, it is not.
3.一般动词的肯定（否定）句的构成: 主语+（don’t）+动词原形+其他。I (don’t )walk to school
4.一般动词的疑问句的构成：Do（does）+主语(复数/单数)+动词原形+其他 ？Do you love it?

C. 动词单数第三人称的变化规则
i.大多数在词尾加S; looks,makes,writes
ii. 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的，在词尾加es. Discusses teaches mixes washes
iii.以辅音字母Y结尾的，将Y变i，加ES files carries studies
IV．以O结尾的动词，加ES does goes
D. 一般现在时的用法
1. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。
When do you go to bed every day?
2. 表示永恒的真理或客观的存在
The earth moves around the sun. Silk feels soft and light.
3. 表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性
David writes good English.Our English teacher is very kind and helpful.
4. 格言或警句中
Pride goes before a fall 骄兵必败
5. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。
Will go out to play if it does not rain.
I will call you as soon as I e back.
E. 表示频率的副词和副词短语
Always（总是；一直这样；表示动作重复，中间无间断）（频度为100%），usually（通常；常常；表示很少有例外）（频度为70%）, often（经常；但是不如usually频繁）, sometimes（有时，表示动作偶尔）（20%的频度）（some times几次/ some time一段时间/sometime将来某时）, hardly every,never这些表示频度的副词一般放在行为动词之前，系动词BE、助动词和情态动词之后.
Chapter 3 Troubles
I.课堂知识点
A. 1. Deal with/do with 处理 2. hold out 伸出，取出3. take a ferry 乘渡船 4.call the police 报警5.wait for等待 6.stare at sb 盯着7.hurry aboard 匆忙上船 8.talk to sb 和某人说话 9.steal sth from sb 偷某人东西 10. go after追赶 11.run away逃跑 12.pick up 捡起13.a few minutes ago几分钟前14.on the other side of the river在河的另外一边 15.get off 下车16.be in handcuffs 戴着手铐17.Well done!干的好18.see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事19.happen to sb发生在某人身上
补充：
hurry up赶快 hurry to do = do…in a hurry 赶快做某事 hurry n.  匆忙 & v.  赶紧
hurry to + a place = go to + a place + in a hurry 匆忙赶去某地
switch on = turn on 打开 switch off = turn off 关闭
apologize to sb = say sorry to sb. 向某人道歉
apologize for sth = say sorry for sth 因某事道歉
apologize to sb for sth 因某事而向某人道歉 apologize v. 道歉
make an apology 道歉
accept an apology 接受道歉 refuse an apology 拒绝接受道歉
(how to )deal with =(what to) do with 处理，应付，解决
hold out = take out 拿出，取出 （hold- held） (take-took)
sth happen to sb. 某人发生某事 sth happen = sth take place 发生某事
wait for sb./sth. 等某人/某事
begin to do =begin doing = start to do=start doing 开始做某事
begin – began v. 开始
show sth to sb. = show sb sth 给某人看某事
give sth to sb = give sb sth 给某人某物
find + sth/sb + 形容词 发现（觉得）…怎么样
find sth missing 发现某物不见了
run away 逃跑 (run-ran)
go after = follow 跟随
pick sth up 拾起某物
report a theft 报告偷窃（案）
on the other side of 在另一边
go on/off the bus/the ferry 上/下车/船
see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 hear sb doing sth 听见某人正在做某事
see sb do sth 看见某人做某事 hear sb do sth 听见某人做某事
C．解释句子
1. Do you often take a ferry to school？ Do you often go to school by ferry?
2. How do you deal with the old clothes?What do you do with the old clothes?
3. What happened to him?What was wrong with him?What was the matter with him?
4. Then they began doing their homework.Then they started doing their homework.
5. The room was empty.There wasn’t anything in the room.There was nothing in the room.
6. Could you show me your ticket?Could you show your ticket to me?
7. He held out his pen and wrote.He took out his pen and wrote.
8. I found him clever.I found he was clever.
9. I found my money missing.I found my money was lost.
10. The little girl followed the thief here.The little girl went after the thief here.
11. My mother hurried home.My mother went home in a hurry.
12. The man hurried to his office.The man went to his office in a hurry.
13. We saw six policemen. The policemen were standing round the man.
We saw six policemen standing round the man.
14. I saw him. He was playing the piano.I saw him playing the piano.
15. The thief stole my purse.The thief stole the purse from me.
D．表示“过去”的时间表达
Yesterday,the day before yesterday,last…,….ago,just now ,in+年（月），on+月（日）。
E.一般过去时构成
1.BE动词的肯定句（否定）的构成：主语+BE（was+were）+（+NOT）+其他
I was (not) a teacher two years ago.
2.be动词的疑问句的构成：be（was+were）+主语+其他？
Were you a teacher one year ago?NO, I was not.
2.一般动词的肯定、否定、一般和特殊疑问句
1.肯定句: 人称+V-ed+其他.
2.否定句: 人称+ didn’t + 动词原形+其他.
3.一般疑问句: Did+人称+动词原形+其他?
4.特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+ did +人称+动词原形+其他?
C.动词过去式的变化规则
1.一般规律
构成方法
原形
过去式
一般情况在动词原形后加-ed
ask
asked
以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加-d
move
moved
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，把y变为I, 再加-ed
cry
cried
以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed
Stop
plan
Stopped
planned
以e结尾的动词，只加-d
die
died
2.不规则动词的变化。
Cost-cost cut-cut hit-hit hurt-hurt let-let put-put read-read bee-became
e-came run-ran ring-rang swim-swam sing-sang sit-sat begin-began
Drink-drank give-gave ride-rode rise-rose write-wrote win-won drive-drove
Shine-shone hold-held go-went get-got buy-bought fight-fought lend-lent
Send –sent spend-spent build-built keep-kept sleep-slept sweep-swept draw-drew
Blow-blew grow-grew know-knew throw-threw fly-flew break-broke speak-spoke
Wake-woke take-took mistake-mistook can-could will-would forget-forgot sell-sold
Stand-stood understand-understood am/is-was are –were choose-chose do-did dig-dug
Eat-ate fall-fell find-found feel-felt have/has-had hear-heard hang-hung shall-should
Learn-learnt/learned smell-smelt/smelled burn-burnt/burned mean-meant lie-lay say-said leave-left lose-lost meet-met make-made may-might see-saw wear-wore.
一． 单元知识重点归纳
A. 重点词汇
1.at least 至少 2.consist of 由。。组成 3.stand for 代表 4.in a flash 一瞬间 5.a pair of 一双6.in ancient times 在古代8.from..to 从。。。到。。 9.help sb with sth 帮某人做某事 10.write down 写下 11.multiply ..by.. 乘以12.one of ..中的其中一个13.long ago 很久以前 14.at most至多 15.international languages 国际语言 16.in tens 十进制 17.in many different ways 用许多不同的方法
B.解释句子
B. 解释句子。
1 Be careful! The car nearly hit you.
Look out ! The car almost hit you.
2. The Indians first invented the system of numbers.
The indians made the system of numbers for the first time.
3. Your calculation is accurate.
Your calculation is without mistakes.
4. The Peony( 牡丹) stands for China.
The Peony represents China .

5. She fell ill, however, she still went to work.
She feel ill , but she still went to work .
6. The text consists of 3 parts.
The text is made up of 3 parts .
The text includes 3 parts .
7. In ancient times, people ate raw (adj. 生的) meat.
Many , many years ago , people ate raw meat.
8 What does that sign stand for?
What does that sign represent?
9 This book consists of 7 chapters.
This book is made up of / includes 7 chapters.
10 There are at least four hundred people.
There are not less than four hundred people.
11 He is 5 years old, however, he can look after himself.
He is 5 years old, but he can look after himself.
12 I often help my mother do housework.
I often help my mother with housework. ( I often assist my mother to do housework.)

C. 重要语法
1.祈使句
DO型：动词原形+其它！ Stand up! Get out!
BE型：BE+名词/形容词+其它！ Be quick! Be quite!
LET型：let sb do sth let’s go there together. /Let us go there together.

2.否定祈使句
DO型否定句：DON’T +动词原形+其他！ Don’t touch it!
BE 型否定句：DON’T +BE +名词/形容词+其它！Don’t be so stupid!/Don’t be careless!
LET型否定句：let sb not do sth 让某人不要做某事 Let him not watch TV/Let’s not play puter game .
NO.型否定句：No smoking! =Don’t smoke. No parking=Don’t park

3．祈使句的反义疑问句
Let’s do sth, shall we? Let’s go out for a walk, shall we?
Let us do sth, will you? Let us go out for a walk, will you?
Do sth, will you? Buy some food on your way home, will you?
Don’t do sth,will you? Don’t forget to mend the car,will you?

4.祈使句的回答：
Do sth!---Yes,I will Clean the room after room!—Yes,I will /Ok,I will
Don’t do sth!---No,I won’t Don’t forget to mend the car,will you?---Sorry ,I won’t /No,I won’t

5.祈使句的主要句型
Do sth,and you will…=If you do sth,you will do…
E.g.Work hard,and you will make great progress.=If you work h