沪教版初二下英语知识点笔记整理含例句和短语.doc

U2P11:生活(n)：live活着的，作定语(adj)：living活着的，作表语或补语(adj)：alive短语：生物：living things例句：保持我们活着：keep us alive例句：我们活着：we are alive生活，生命(n-pl)：life-lives短语：拯救某人生命：save ones life短语：丧生：lose ones life日常生活：daily life2:呼吸(n-v)：breath-breathe短语：深呼吸：take a deep breath短语：喜欢呼吸纯净的空气：enjoy breathing pure air3:危险(n)：danger危险(adj)：dangerous短语：在很大的危险中：in great danger短语：一个危险的仆人：a dangerous servant4:污染(n-v)：pollute-pollution短语：空气/水/噪音污染：air/water/noise pollution短语：污染空气/水：pollute the air/water5:科学(n)：science科学家(n)：scientist6:打架，战斗(v)：fight战士，斗士：fighter短语：和污染战斗：fight against pollution短语：为自由而战：fight for freedom短语：污染斗士：pollution fighters7:自然(n-adj)：nature-natural短语：自然与环境：nature and environment短语：自然的空调：natural air conditioners8:物理(n)：physics物理的(adj)：physical短语：物理老师：physics teacher短语：教我们物理：teach us physics短语：一个物理变化：a physical change化学(n)：chenistry化学(adj)：chemical短语：化学老师：chemistry teacher产生一个化学物质：produce a chemical一个化学变化：a chemical change9:噪音(n-adj)：noise-noisy短语：制造噪音：make noise短语：更少吵闹：less noisy10:危害(n-adj-adj反义)：harm-harmful-harmless对某人有害（三种）：do harm to sb = be harmful to sb = be bad for sb对.有好处（两种）：do good to = be good for11:叶子(n-pl)：leaf-leaves围巾(n-pl)：scarf-scarves生命(n-pl)：life-lives气体(n-pl)：gas-gases12:交流(v-n)：municate-coommunicationU2P21:让/使某人做某事：make sb/sth do sth让/使某人怎样：make sb/sth + adj例句：使街道更加漂亮：make streets more beautiful例句：使树叶变得难吃：make leaves taste nasty2:保持某人/物怎样：keep sb/sth + adj例句：保持我们教室干净：keep our classroom clean例句：保持安静/健康：keep quiet/healthy例句：保持我们活着：keep us alive保持门/窗开/关着：keep the door/window open/closed3:来自（城市国家）（两种）：e from = be from4:感谢某人做某事：thank sb for doing sth例句：谢谢你帮助我（两种）：thank you for your help = thank you for helping me5:与某人交谈：municate with sb6:互相（两种）：one another = each other7:砍伐树木：cut down trees8:也，还（三种）：as well as = and = and.as well/as well as放在句中,and放在句中,and.as well放在句末例句：树不仅清洁空气也使空气凉爽：（三种）trees cool the air as well as clean it = trees cool the air and clean it = trees cool the air and clean it as well9:攻击(v)：attack损坏(v)：damage摧毁(v)：destroy10:替代，替换(v)：replace释放(v)：release减少(v)：reduce生产(v)：produce11:一个半年（两种）：one and a half years = one year and a half两个半小时（两种）：two and a half hours = two hours and a half12:参军：join the army入党：join the party加入俱乐部：join the club加入某人：join sb例句：你能不能加入我们：would you like join us?参加（两种） +：join in = take part in + 群众性活动短语：根连在一起：join roots together13:把某物递还给某人：pass sth to sb14:经营，运作公司/工厂：manage/run a pany/factory保持机器工作，运转（两种）：keep the machine runnning/working15:尝起来怎么样：taste + adj美味（三种）：delicious/nice/good味道差（三种）：terrible/awaful/bad16:采访某人/面试某人：interview sb一个面试：an interview17:警告某人不要做某事：warn sb not to do sth18:关于：on/about19:通过做某事保护某人：protect sb by doing sth例句：树通过产生一种化学物质保护自己：trees protect themselves by producing a chemical保护某人免于某事：protect sb from sth例句：保护我们免于火灾/危险：protect us from fire/danger保护某人免于做某事：protect sb from doing sth例句：警察保护我们免于受到坏人的伤害：The police protect us from getting hurt by bad people20:生产，产生(v)：produce产品(n):product21:几乎不，否定副词：hardly几乎没有（两种）：hardly any = almost none/no几乎从来（两种）：hardly ever = almost never例句：我几乎不能相信自己的眼睛：I could hardly believe my eyes22:举例（三种，后面加）：forexample, + 句子/such as + n/n短语 = like + n/n短语23:动词变ing四种形式：+ing/去结尾不发音e+ing/ie结尾变y+ing/辅元辅结尾双写+ingU2P31:日常的(adj)：daily日报：daily paper2:耐心的(adj)：patient不耐烦的(adj)：impatient耐心地(adv)：paintly病人(n)：patient3:舒适的(adj)：fortable不舒适的(adj)：unfortable舒适地(adv)：fortably4:放松(v-adj人-adj物)：relax-relaxed-relaxing5:疑惑(v-adj人-adj物)：puzzle-puzzled-puzzling6:清洁，净化：clean up清洁，净化(n)：cleaning做一些清洁：do some cleaning一次彻底的净化：a thorough cleaning短语：保持教室清洁：keep the classroom clean7:冷冻，冰冻(v-过去式-过去分词)：freeze-froze-frozen冰冷的(adj)：freezing冷冻的(adj)：frozen极冷的天气：freezing weather冷冻食品：frozen8:彻底的(adj-adv)：thorough-thoroughlyU2P41:刷牙：brush ones teeth2:打开/关闭水龙头/电视/灯：turn on/off + the tap/TV/lights处于开启、关闭状态：be on/off3:把A倒入B：pour A into B4:浪费/节约水/纸张/时间/钱：waste/save water/paper/time/money5:遵守/破坏规则/法律：obey/follow/break the rule/law6:以.的速度：at the speed of平均速度：average speed加速(v-过去式-过去分词)：speed-sped-sped7:到某事的时间了：Its time for sth例句：到上课/晚餐的时间了：Its time for class/dinner到做某事的时间了：Its time to do sth例句：到起床的时间了：Its time to get up8:把A加入B中：add A to B9:大量的（两种）：a huge amount of = huge amounts of10:仍然是：remain the same11:看四周：look aroundlook up两种意思：查阅字典/向上看寻找：look for照顾：look after看着：look at当心/向外看：look out12:记得不要做某事：remember (not) to do sth例句：记得不要浪费时间：remember not to waster the time13:回答，答复(v)（两种）：reply = answerreply的过去式：replied14:一滴水：a drop of water把我降落到溪水里：drop me into the water15:降落(v)：fall漂流(v)：float上升(v)：rise流动(v)：flow16:你说某物是什么意思：what do you mean by sth?17:增加：increase保持：remain (the same)减少：decrease18:水的化学符号是H2O：The chemical symbol for water is H2O19:休息(v)：rest短语：好好休息：have a good rest20:工厂（三种）：works/plant/factory作品(n)：worksU2P51:服务(v)：serve服务(un)：service服务(pl)：services仆人(n)：servant短语：在军队服务：serve in the army短语：一个好仆人：a good servant短语：因为它的食物和服务而著名：be famous for its food and service短语：公共/汽车服务：public/bus services2:电(n-adj-adj另)：electricity-electric-electronic短语：电动玩具/灯：electric toys/lights短语：电子计算器：electronic claculator短语：电子词典：electronic dictionaries3:愚弄(v-adj)：fool-foolish自己(n)：self自私的(adj)：selfish孩子(n)：child孩子气的(adj)：childish4:解释，说明(v-n)：explain-explanation短语：一个说明：an explanation耐心地/礼貌地/清楚地向某人解释某事：explain sth to sb patiently/politely/clearly/5是adj-adv和前文重复，不抄6:照顾某人（三种）：take care of sb = look after sb = care for sb当心某人/物：be careful with sb/sthcare for的两种意思：照顾/喜欢7:看得见的(adj-反义)：visible-invisible8:改变(v-adj)：change-changeable短语：多变的天气：changeable weather把A变成B：change A into B9:风俗习惯,海关(n)：custom顾客(n):customer/10与以前重复，不抄11:勇气(n)：courage鼓励(n)：encourage鼓励某人做某事：encourage sb to do sth12:电池(n-pl)：battery-batteries13:包含,含有(v)：contain容器(n)：container/Batteries are packets that contain electricity14:每日的，每天(adj/adv)：daily日报：daily paper日常生活：daily life每月的(adj/adv)：monthly月刊：monthly magazines每月的（两种）：monthly = every month年收入：yearly ine短语：周报：weekly paper每年的（两种）：yearly = every year每周的（两种）：weekly = every weekU2P61:发电站：power station火车站：railway station2:账单：bill清单：list菜单：menu3:粗的(adj-比较级)：thick-thicker胖的(adj-比较级)：fat-fatter更瘦：thinner4:形式，形态/形成：form短语：能量的不同形式：different forms of energy短语：养成一个好习惯：form a good habit5:把A连到B上：connect A to BA被连到B上：A be connected to B例句：细电线被连到粗电线上：Thin wires are connected to thick wires6:叫某人.：call sb/sth + 名称/称呼短语：把细电线称作电缆：call thin wires cables7:在某种程度上（两种）：in a way = partly8:对，答对了：Thats right你是对的：Youre right没关系（两种）：Thats all right = It doesnt matter9:A:我能做某事吗：A:May I do sth?B:是的，你可以/不，你不可以/恐怕你不可以：Yes,you may/No,you may not/Im afraid you cant10:看起来像：look likelook like指：外在/外貌怎样的.：be likebe like指：外在/外貌或内在/性格what用：what.look like/be likehow后用：how.like天气怎么样？（两种）：whats the weather like? = How is the weather?11:打开/关闭：switch on/off12:测试,测验(v/n)：test做一个测试：have a test13:在某人脸上：on ones face14:在某人身上耍一个花招：play a trick on sbU2P71:开会（两种）：have a meeting = hold a meeting2:列清单(v)：list列一个清单：make a list3:对某人免费：be free to sb免费：for free4:建议(v-n-pl)：suggest-suggestion-suggestions建议某人应当做某事：suggest that sb (should) do sth5:在A和B中间：between A and B6:讨论(v-n)：discuss-discussion做一个讨论：discussion7:选择(v-n-pl)：choose-choice-choices做出选择：make a choice8:决定（不）要做某事：decide (not) to do sth决定(v-n)：decide-decision作出决定：make a decision9:负责做某事（三种）：be responsible for sth = be in charge of sth = take charge of sth10:总共,总计（两种）：in all = altogether11:上/这/下学期：last/this/next term12:团队(n)：team团队合作(n)：team work13:就某事和某人达成一致：agree with sb on sth14:秘密(n)：secret秘书：secretary15:考虑做某事（两种）：consider doing sth = think of doing sth16:想到,想起：think of例句：你能想到一个例子吗：Can you think of an example你认为某人/物怎么样？（两种）：what do you think of sb/sth? = How do you like sb/sth17:仔细考虑：think it over仔细商谈：talk it over18:应当做某事（两种）：should do sth = ought to do sth不应当做某事（两种）：should not do sth = ought not to do sth14:经验/经历(n)：experienceexperience作经历时是：cnexperience作经验时是：un20:建议(v-n)：advise-advice接受某人的建议：take ones advice一条建议：a piece of advice例句：你给我们的建议是多么有用啊：What useful advice youre given us!建议某人不要做某事：advise sb (not) to do sthU2P81:珍贵的(adj)（两种）：precious = valuable价值(n)：value珍贵的（比较级）：more precious/valuable2:出版(v)：publish3:记笔记：take notes4:投票给某人：vote for sb5:设计(v)：design设计师(n)：designer6:阅览室：reading room读者：reader7:景色,风景(n):view例句：我想要一个有好风景的房间：I want a room with a good view8:a bit,a little第一种用法，与另一个形式相等：a bit/little + adj/adv原级 = kind of + adj/adv原级短语：有点忙：a bit busy = kind of busya bit/a little第二种用法：a bit/little + 比较级9:有某人/物：with sb/sth例句：一个有着好风景的房间：a room with a good view没有某人/物：without sb/sth例句：我们离开水不能生存：We cant live without water例句：孩子们不应该在没有家长陪伴下烹饪：Children shouldnt cook without their parents没有做某事：without doing sth例句：他们匆忙地离开了没有说再见：They left in a hurry without saying goodbye10:赢得地1/2/3等奖：win the first/second/third prize赢得(v-过去式-过去分词)：win-won-won赢得(v-过去式-过去分词)：win-won-won11:向某人寻求某物：ask (sb) for sth短语：向我们征求建议：ask us for advice/suggestions短语：向我们求助：ask us for help短语：向我们讨钱、食物：ask us for money/food向我们请假：ask us for leave12:班长：monitor校长(n)：headmaster13:保持/打破世界纪录：keep/break the world record14:if作如果用于什么句子：条件状语从句时态：一般现在时if作是否用于什么句子：宾语从句等于：whether时态：看具体情况例句：我不知道kitty明天是否会来：I dont know if Kitty will e tomorrow例句：如果她要来，我会告诉你：If she es,Ill tell you15:青年时期(n)：youth天才，天赋(n)：talent委员会(n)：mitteeU2P91:编辑(v-n)：edit-editor短语：一名编辑：an editor主编：the chief editor2:推选某人为：elect sb to be + 职位选举某人作为：elect sb as + 职位3:安排(v-n)：arrange-arrangement安排做某事：arrange to do sth4:(使)结束(两种)：conclude = e to an end5:同意某人：agree with sb认同某事：agree on sth就某事与某人达成一致：agree with sb on sth同意做某事：agree to do sth6:我不知道（两种）：I have no idea = I dont know我有一个好主意：I have a good ideaA:我们去购物吧？：Shall we go shopping?B:好主意：Thats a good idea7:简短(adj-adv)：brief-briefly短语：一个简短的自我介绍：a brief self-introduction短语：简短地介绍自己：introduce myself briefly8:文章(n)：article段落：paragraph（文章中的）段落，章节：passage乘客(n)：passenger9:聚集(v)：gather一起(adv)：together短语：相聚：together10:就某事向某人抱怨/投诉：plain to sb about sth例句：顾客就不好的服务向经理抱怨：The customer plained to the manager about the bad service抱怨，投诉(n)：plaint短语：做一个投诉：make a plaint11:我赢得了一等奖：I won the first prize我过了驾驶考试：I passed the driving test我在考试中得了A：I got an A in the exam我的同学选举我作为班长：My classmates have elected me to be monitor恭喜：Congratulations做的很好，好样的：Well done这是一个好新闻（两种adj）：Thats wonderful/good news我为你感到高兴/快乐（3种）：Im happy/glad/delighted for you你值得赢/通过：You deserved to win/pass12:我们输了足球比赛：We lost the football match我驾驶考试失败了：I failed the driving test我没有通过考试：I didnt pass the exam我在考试中得了D：I got a D in the exam我的钱包丢了：I lost my wallet有个人把我的车偷了：Some one stole my car噢，我很抱歉：Oh,Im sorry真遗憾，真可惜（2种）：What a shame!/what a pity真糟糕（2种）：Thats terrible = how awafulU2P101；人（n-pl-adj-adv）：person-people-personal-personally来自（2种）：by oneself = in person个人而言：personally speaking个人信务：personal information2:位置，场所(v-n)：locate-location例句：你能告诉我sp的位置吗：Could you tell me the location of sp?短语：位于城市中心：be located in the city center短语：位于小岛上：be located on the island3:经营(v)：manage经理(n)：manager成功做某事（3种）：manager to do sth = succeed in doing sth = be successful (in doing) sth4:戏剧性事件(n-adj)：drama-dramatic5:感觉(n-adj)：sense-sensible幽默感：sense of humor你很明智：You are sensible一个明智的人：a sensible man6:死（v-过去式-过去分词）：die-died-died死的(adj)：deaddead用法（2种）：be + dead/dead + n死亡(n)：death某人的死亡（2种）：ones death/sbs death7:预定一个房间/一张票/一张飞机票：book a room/a ticket/an air ticket8:进入场所（2种）：walk into + 场所 = enter + 场所9:允许某人做某事：allow sb to do sth被允许做某事：be allowed to do sth例句：我的妈妈不允许我玩电脑游戏：My mother doesnt allow me to play puter games我不被允许玩电脑游戏：Im not allowed to play puter games10:消失在视野中：out of sight视力：eyesight观光：sightseeing观光(v)：sight11:马上，立即（2种）：at once = immediately12:服务(n)：service表面(n)：surface13:在某人/物旁边：beside sb/sth除了某人/物（包括在内）：besides sb/sth14:醒(v)：wake-woke-woken醒来：wake up弄醒某人：wake sb up例句：查理弄醒了我：Charlie woke me up15:节约(v)：save浪费(v)：waste拯救某人生命：save ones life失去某人生命：lose ones life安全的(adj)：safesafe用法（3种）：be + safe/feel safe/keep sb safe from dangerU2P111:火灾警报：fire alarm火灾（安全）出口：fire exit消防车：fire engine火灾安全规则：fire safety fules2:突然发生巨响：go offgo out两种意思：灯/火熄灭 / 出去3：序数词用法（三个词）：the/ones + 序数词 + cn单数短语：我第12岁生日：my twelfth birthday4：湿的：wet干的：drywet(v-过去式-过去分词)：wet-wet-wet干的：dry-dried-dried5:带某人/某物去某地(地点名词)：take sb/sth to sp例句：带狗去公园：take the dog to the park带某人/某物去某地（地点adv）：take sb/sth + 地点adv随身带某物：take sth with sb6:带某物给某人（2）：bring sb sth = bring sth to sb带某人/物到某地来：bring sth/sb to sp带来(v-过去式-过去分词)：bring-brought-brought7:带领，引领(v-过去式-过去分词)：lead-led-led带领某人去某地：lead sb to sp领导，领袖：leader8:借来(v-过去式-过去分词)：borrow-borrowed-borrowed从某人处借来某物：borrow sth from sb借去(v-过去式-过去分词)：lend-lent-lent借某物给某人（2种）：lend sb sth = lend sth to sb9:表示一类人：the + adj盲人：the blind聋哑人：the deaf10:全心全意为人们服务：serve people heart and soul11:属于某人：belong to sb例句：这本书属于我：this book belongs to me例句：这是我的书：this is my book例句：这本书是我的书：this book is mine12：回答(v)：reply重复(v)：repeat再利用(v)：reuse重建(v)：rebuild复习(v)：review13:主人，房东：host客人，旅客：guest14:喊(v)：shout哭(v)：cry惊叫(v)：exclaim狗叫(v)：bark15：毛巾(n)：towel毯子：blanket窗帘：curtain16:麻烦，困境(un)：trouble处于困境：be in trouble脱离困境：be out of trouble17:反对，反抗(prep)：against违反规定：against the rules短语：违反大自然：against nature短语：抗击污染：against the pollution18:.后（三个单词）：段时间+later+句子数秒后：seconds later片刻后：minutes later短语：几小时后：hours later几年后：years later19:问路（3种，不用宾语从句）：where is sp？ = which is the way to sp? = how can I get to sp?问路（4种，宾语从句）：Could you tell me where sp is/the way to sp/how I can get to sp/the location to sp20:描述(v-n)：describe-description21:沿着(prep)：along(横)穿过：across(内部穿过)：across横穿过马路：walk across the road沿着河边走：walk along the river从门/窗进入：go throw the door/window22:一.就：as soon asas soon as 常考时态（2种）：主将从现/主过从过23:5种感官：look/smell/taste/sound/feel + adj看起来像：look like感觉起来像：feel like24:警示，提醒某人（5种）：Be careful = take care = look out = watch out = mind25:before/after作为连词的用法：before/after + 句子before/after作为介词的用法（2种）：before/after + doing / before/after + nU2P121:快乐(n)：joy喜欢，欣赏(v)：enjoy喜欢做某事：enjoy doing sth玩得开心：enjoy oneself有能力的(adj)：a