外科专业英语.doc

酸碱平衡和水电解质紊乱
acid-base disorders 酸碱失衡 acid-base balance 酸碱平衡
acute/chronic acidosis 急性/慢性酸中毒 acidemia 酸血症
acute/chronic alkalosis 急性/慢性碱中毒 alkalemia 碱血症
simple acid-base disorder 单纯性酸碱失衡
mixed acid-base disorder 混合性酸碱失衡
buffer system 缓冲对系统 anion gap 阴离子间隙
delta gap 阳离子间隙 respiratory acidosis 呼酸
respiratory alkalosis 呼碱 metabolic acidosis 代酸
metabolic alkalosis 代碱 hypochloremia 低氯血症
hyperchloremia 高氯血症 hypoxemia 低氧血症
hyperoxemia 高氧血症 hypocalcemia 低钙血症
hypercalcemia 高钙血症 hypokalemia 低钾血症
hyperkalemia 高钾血症 hyponatremia 低钠血症
hypernatremia 高钠血症 magnesium deficiency 镁缺乏
magnesium excess 镁过多 hypomagnesemia 低镁血症
hypermagnesemia 高镁血症 hypophosphatemia 低磷血症
hyperphosphatemia 高磷血症 hypercapnia 高碳酸血症
posthypercapnic metabolic alkalosis 高碳酸血症后碱中毒
diabetic ketoacidosis 糖尿病酮症酸中毒 uremia 尿毒症
lactic acidosis 乳酸酸中毒
saline-responsive alkalosis 盐水反应性碱中毒
saline-resistant alkalosis 盐水抵抗性碱中毒
isotonic dehydration 等渗性缺水 hypotonic dehydration 低渗性缺水
hypertonic dehydration 高渗性缺水edema 水肿
water intoxication 水中毒
休克
shock 休克 hemorrhagic shock 失血性休克traumatic shock 创伤性休克 septic shock脓毒性休克
shock lung 休克肺 shock kidney 休克肾
软组织感染
furuncle 疖 paronychia 甲沟炎 erysipelas 丹毒
acute phlegmon 急性蜂窝织炎 acute lymphangitis 急性淋巴管炎
acute lymphadenitis急性淋巴结 furunculosis 疖病 carbuncle 痈
abscess 脓肿 acute ulcer急性溃疡 chronic ulcer 慢性溃疡
fistula cannulas瘘管 sinus tract 窦道 felon 脓性指头炎
外科营养
肠外营养 parenteral nutrition 或 intravenous nutrition
肠内营养 enteral nutrition 代谢性并发症 metabolic plications
胆汁淤积 cholestasis 基础能量消耗 basal energy expenditure BEE
误吸 aspiration 腹泻 diarrhea
外科手术
手术刀 scalpel 刀片 blade
刀柄 hilt 手术剪 surgical scissors
止血钳 hemostatic forceps 直血管钳 straight clamp
弯血管钳 Kelly clamp 蚊式止血钳 mosquito forceps
有齿止血钳 kocher forceps 手术镊 forceps
组织钳 tissue forceps or allis forceps 持针器 needle holder
缝合针 suture needle 拉钩 retractor
巾钳 towel clip 环钳 ring forceps
不可吸收缝线 nonabsorbable suture 丝线 silk suture
切开 incision 剥离 dissection
止血 hemostasis 结扎 ligation
缝合 suture 剪线 cutting suture
拆线 removing suture 引流 drainage
骨科
arthro-关节 articulo-关节 cranio-颅
osteo-骨 burso-囊 chondro-软骨
costo-肋骨 myelo-骨髓 spondylo-椎骨
thoraco-胸的 vertebra-椎骨 fascio-筋膜
teno/tendo/tendino-肌 -kinesia 运 -porosis 多孔
-trophy 发育 -malacia 软化
1、 中轴骨 AXIAL BONES
bone n.骨 rib n.肋 vertebrae n.椎骨
cervical vertebrae 颈椎 thoracic vertebrae 胸椎
lumbar vertebrae 腰椎 sternum n.胸骨
sacrum n.骶骨 coccyx 尾骨
sternal manubrium 胸骨柄 xiphoid process 剑突
atlas n.寰椎 axis n.枢椎
sternal angle 胸骨角 thoracic cage 胸廓
2、颅SKULL
skull n. parietal bone 顶骨 frontal bone 额骨
occipital bone 枕骨 emporal bone 颞骨 sphenoid bone 蝶骨
ethmoid bone 筛骨 mandible n.下颌骨hyoid bone 舌骨 vomer n.犁骨 maxilla n.上颌骨 palatine bone 腭骨
nasal bone 鼻骨 lacrimal bone 泪骨 zygomatic bone 颧骨
inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲 orbit n.眶
coronal suture冠状缝 sagital suture 矢状缝
lambdoid suture 人字缝 cranial fontanelle 颅囟
2、 附肢骨TARSAL BONES AND EXTREMITAL BONES
clavicle n.锁骨 scapula n.肩胛 humerus n.肱骨 radius n.桡骨 ulna n.尺骨 carpal bone 腕骨
metacarpal bone 掌骨 phalanges n.指骨，趾骨
hip bone 髋骨 ilium n.髂骨 ischium n.坐骨 pubis n.耻骨 femur n.股骨 patella n.髌骨
tibia n.胫骨 fibula n.腓 骨 tarsal bone 跗骨 metatarsal bone 跖骨
4、关节韧带
flexion n.屈 extension n. 伸展 adduction n.收 medial rotation 旋内 lateral rotation 旋外 pronation n旋前.
supination n.旋后 circumduction n.环转 vertebral column脊柱
temporal-mandibular joint 颞下颌关节
articulation n.关节 ligament n.韧带
intervertebral disc 椎间盘 shoulder joint 肩关节
elbow joint 肘关节 radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节
pelvis n.骨盆 hip joint 髋关节 knee joint 膝关节
ankle joint 踝关节 arthrography n.关节造影
pacta n.骨密度 epiphysis n.骨骺 ossification n.骨化
synovial joints 滑膜关节 fibrous纤维连结
syndesmosis　韧带连结 cartilaginous joints 软骨连结
articular surface (cavity)关节面(腔) suture缝
articular disk关节盘 articular labrum 关节唇
articular capsule关节囊 extracapsular ligament 囊外韧带
intracapsular ligament 囊内韧带 yellow ligament黄韧带
fibrous layer (membrane)纤维层，纤维膜
synovial layer (membrane) 滑膜层，滑膜
ynovial fold (villi)滑膜襞 synovial fluid　滑液
circumduction　环转运动 vertebral joints椎骨连结
ionterspinous ligament棘间韧带
intertransverse ligament横突间韧带
Intervertebral symphysis椎间联合
interverbral discs　椎间盘
Fibrous rings　纤维环 Pulpiform nucleus　髓核
Anterior longitudinal前纵韧带
Posterior longitudinal后纵韧带
Zygapophysial joint关节突关节
Lumbosacral joint 腰骶连结 Costovertebral joints肋椎关节
Joint of costal head肋头关节 Lambdoid suture　人字缝
Costotransverse joint 肋横突关节 Cranial suture 颅缝
Sternocostal joints胸肋关节 Coronal (sagittal) suture冠矢状缝
Synchondroses of cranium　颅结合
Temporomandibular joint　颞下颌关节
joints of shoulder girdle上肢带连结
coracoacromial ligament喙间韧带
Coracoclavicular ligament喙锁韧带
Acromioclavicular joint肩锁关节 Elbow joint肘关节
Sternoclavicular joint胸锁关节 Shoulder joint肩关节
Humeroulnar joint肱尺关节 Joints of hand手关节
Humeroradial joint肱桡关节
Radiocarpal joint ,wrist joint桡腕关节，腕关节
Intercarpal joints腕骨间关节 Carpometacarpal joints腕掌关节
Carpometacarpal joint of thumb拇指腕掌关节
Intermetacarpal joints掌骨间关节
Metacarpophalangeal joints掌指关节
Interphalangeal joints of hand指骨间关节
Joints of pelvic girdle下肢带连结
Pubic symphysis　耻骨联合 Interpubic disc耻骨间盘
Obturator membrane闭孔膜 Sacroiliac joints骶髂关节 Pelvis骨盆 Sacrotuberous ligament骶结节韧带
Greater (lesser) sciatic foramen坐骨大(小)孔
Terminal line界线 Greater (lesser) pelvis大小骨盆
Superior (posterior) pelvic aperture骨盆上下口
Pubic arch耻骨弓 Subpubic angle耻骨下角
Pelvic cavity骨盆腔 Joints of free lower limb自由下肢连结
Hip joint　髋关节 Knee joint膝关节
Transverse acetabular lig.髋臼横韧带
Ligament of head of femur 股骨头韧带
Medial (lateral) meniscus　内外侧半月板
Transverse ligament of knee膝横韧带
Anterior cruciate ligament前交叉韧带
Posterior cruciate ligament后交叉韧带
Fibular (tibial) collateral ligament 腓(胫)侧副韧带
Ligament of patella髌韧带 Tibiofibular joint胫腓关节
Tibiofibular syndesmosis 胫腓连结
Crural interosseous membrane小腿骨间膜
Joints of foot　足关节 ankle joint，踝关节
talocrural joint,距小腿关节 intertarsal joints跗骨间关节
subtalar joint, talocalcaneal joint距下关节距跟关节
transverse tarsal joint　跗横关节
talocalcaneonavicular joint 距跟舟关节
tarsometatarsal joint 跗跖关节 transverse arch横弓
intermetatarsal joints跖骨间关节
metatarsophalangeal joint跖趾关节
interphalangeal joints of foot　跖骨间关节
arch of foot, tarsometatarsal arch足弓，跗跖弓
medial (lateral) longitudinal arch内(外)侧纵弓
其他
Arthrosclerosis关节硬化 Chondromalacia软骨软化症
Degenerated Joint Disease变性关节炎 Bone graft 骨移植
Clavicle Fracture 锁骨骨折 Pelvic Fracture 骨盆骨折
Plastic Paris Cast 整形硬石膏 Amputation 截肢
Matastatic Lesion转移性损害 Osteoporosis骨质疏松症
Prosthesis Replacement 人工弥补置换术
腹部脏器
Stomach 胃 Liver 肝 Small intestine 小肠
Colon 结肠（ascending，transverse，descending，sigmoid）
Duodenum 十二指肠 Jejunum 空肠 Ileum 回肠
Pancreas 胰 Spleen 脾 Bile duct 胆管
Gallbladder 胆囊 Kidney 肾 Rectum 直肠
Cecum 盲肠 large intestine 大肠
vermiform appendix阑尾 anal canal 肛管

辅助检查
Abdominocentesis 腹腔穿刺 Urinalysis 尿分析
Abdominal ultrasonography 腹部超声检查
Barium enema 钡灌肠 Barium swallow 钡餐
Liver biopsy 肝活检 Stool culture 粪检
Retrograde pyelogram 逆行肾盂造影
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography经内镜逆行性胆胰管造影
Blood urea nitrogen 血尿素氮
Urine culture and sensitivity 尿培养和敏感试验
Urinalysis 尿分析
内镜
Gastroscopy 胃窥镜 Enteroscopy 小肠内镜
Colonoscopy 结肠内镜 Cystoscopy 膀胱镜
ureteroscope 输尿管镜
术式
Highly selective vagotomy 高选择性迷走神经切断术
Gastrojejunostomy 胃空肠吻合术
Truncal vagotomy 迷走神经切断术 Laparotomy 开腹
Enterectomy 肠切除术 Appendectomy 阑尾切除术
Choledochectomy 胆总管切除术 Colectomy 结肠切除术
Cholecystectomy 胆囊切除术 Colostomy 结肠造瘘
Subtotal gastrectomy 胃大部切除术
Pancreatoduodenectomy 胰十二指肠切除术
Right/left hemicolectomy 右/左半结肠切除术
Abdominoperineal resection 腹会阴联合直肠癌切除术
Low anterior resection 直肠低位前切除术
Hepatectomy 肝切除术 Nephrectomy 肾切除术
Nephron sparing surgery 保留肾单位手术
Ureteroneocystostomy 膀胱输尿管吻合术
orchiectomy ; testectomy 睾丸切除术
ureterectomy 输尿管切除术
cystectomy 膀胱切除术
cysto-urethral anastomosis膀胱输尿管吻合术
partial or radical nephrectomy 局部/根治性肾切除术
PCNL：percutaneous nephrostolithotomy 经皮肾取石术
ESWL: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 体外冲击波碎石术
Surgical exploration 手术探查
心胸外
valve prosthesis 人工瓣膜 bicuspid 二尖瓣 tricuspid valve 三尖瓣
pulmonary valve肺动脉瓣 aortic valve主动脉瓣 ventricle 心室
atrium pl.atrial 心房 interatrial心房间的 atrioventricular房室的
intrventricular心室间的 atrial septum 房间隔
ventricuar septum 室间隔 angiography 血管造影
aortography 主动脉造影
pneumotharax ；aerothorax 气胸 tension pneumotharax 张力性气胸
pleural effussion胸腔积液 hydrothorax 胸腔积液
puncture 穿刺 thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术 drainage引流
closed thoracic drainage 闭式胸腔引流 mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄
rheumatic valve disease 风湿性瓣膜病 aortic stenosis动脉硬化
mitral regurgitation 二尖瓣反流 valvuloplasty瓣膜成形术
aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄 aortic regurgitation 主动脉反流
arteriosclerosis动脉粥样硬化 intravenous 静脉内的
hemorrhage出血 hematuria血尿
angi/o血管 vas/o血管 vascul/o血管 aort/o主动脉
arter/o arteri/o动脉 ather/o动脉
phleb/o静脉 ven/o静脉 thromb/o血栓 venule微静脉
arteriole微动脉 angiostenosis血管狭窄
ischemia缺血 vena cava腔静脉

神外
大脑：cerebrum 间脑：diencephalon
脑桥：brain stem 中脑：midbrain
脑桥：pons 延髓：medulla oblongata
小脑：cerebellum 回：convolution gyri
沟：sulci 胼胝体：corpus callosum 横裂：transvers fissue 额叶：Frontal lobe
顶叶：Parietal lobe 颞叶：Temporal lobe
枕叶：Occipital lobe
蛛网膜：Arachnoid matter 蛛网膜下腔：Subarachnoid space
Olfactory N 嗅神经 Optic 视神经
Oculomotor 动眼神经 Trochlear 滑车神经
Trigeminal 三叉神经 Abducens 外展神经
Facial 面神经 Vestibulocochlear 前庭蜗神经
Glossopharyngeal 舌咽神经 Vagus 迷走神经
Accessory 副神经 Hypoglossal 舌下神经
Spinal nerve 脊神经
anterior root前根 posterior root 后根
spinal ganglion脊神经节
8对颈神经cervical nerves 12对胸神经thoracic nerves
5对腰神经lumbar nerves 5对骶神经sacral nerves
1对尾神经coccygeal nerves
神经丛：颈丛 cervical plexus 臂丛 brachial plexus
胸神经前支 anterior branch of the thoracic nerve
腰丛 lumbar plexus 骶丛 sacral plexus

段落翻译----乳腺
mastitis 乳腺炎 retromammary abscess 乳房后脓肿
breast sara 乳房肉瘤 breast cancer 乳腺癌
inflammatory breast carcinoma 炎性乳腺炎
radical mastectomy 乳腺癌根治术
extensive radical mastectomy 乳腺癌扩大根治术
modified radical mastectomy 乳腺癌改良根治术
total mastectomy 全乳房切除术
lumpectomy and axillary dissection 保留乳房的乳腺癌切除术

胃肠疾病（课件）、骨折（课件）、甲状腺（那一本） 还是看课件吧
gastro-duodenal disease 胃十二指肠疾病 peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡
intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻 volvulus 肠扭转
Colorectal Cancer 结肠直肠癌 anal fissure 肛裂
Fistula 瘘，瘘管 Hemorrhoid 痔疮
anorectal abscess 肛门直肠脓肿