中国文化英语教程U17.ppt

Unit 17 Gardens South of the Yangtze RiverpLead-inpText studypExercisesContentLead-inEnjoy the pictures of the two famous Chinese Enjoy the pictures of the two famous Chinese gardens and tell their difference in style.gardens and tell their difference in style.The Summer Palace:The Summer Palace:Lead-inZhuozheng garden:Zhuozheng garden:2.1 Introduction2.2 A Winding Path to Places of Interest2.3 Fascinating Stones2.4 A Sense of SpaceText studyIntroductionChinese garden has a history of more than 2,000 years.Three styles:the imperial garden,the temple garden and the private garden.The most famous imperial garden extant today is the Summer Palace in Beijing.The private gardens south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River boast a unique ambience of their own.Scattered through Suzhou,Yangzhou and other places,the private gardens are mostly legacies from the Ming and Qing dynasties.IntroductionThe Chinese attach great importance to the qualities of being reserved and subtle,and the construction of gardens dotting the hazy(雾蒙蒙的)landscape south of the lower Yangtze River well reflects this philosophy.The pavilions and buildings enshrouded(笼罩)in the misty moonlight produce an irresistible appeal.A Winding Path to Places of InterestA Winding Path to Places of InterestWhat most frequently meets the eye are winding paths that seemingly lead to nowhere,as it would appear to new visitors.There,a path seems to end,but all of a sudden,a new world is rolled out before you:pavilions,rock formations,spring waterall combining to provide a pleasant surprise!A Winding Path to Places of InterestAt the entrance to a Chinese garden there is usually a huge stone or wall to screen your view.This is to give you a pressed-in feeling,so as to later produce unforeseen delight when you turn around the hall to see the exotic rock formations,and an extensive lake of limpid(清澈的)rippling water right in front of you.A Winding Path to Places of InterestZhuozheng Garden in Suzhou:1.Corridors zigzag along a stream.2.The upturned corners of the roofs are like flying birds with their wings widespread.3.Even the trees are curving.A Winding Path to Places of InterestPrivate gardens south of the Yangtze River are a world of curving lines.A Winding Path to Places of InterestRock formations play an important role in the construction of a Chinese-style garden.Without them,a garden could not be considered an authentic Chinese-style garden.Rock formations are as important to a Chinese-style garden as sculptures are to a European-style garden,and may signify even more.Fascinating StonesFascinating StonesA rock formationGuanyun Peak,in Liuyuan Garden in Suzhou,is actually a formation of stones from Taihu Lake.Between the reality and the reflection,the garden presents a fascinating,picturesque composition.Fascinating StonesFour features of Taihu Lake stones:thinness,porosity(多孔),exquisiteness,and wrinkles.These features of Taihu Lake stones describe not only beauty in form but even more,reflect peoples lofty ideals toward life.Fascinating StonesThinness represents unearthliness and aloofness.Porosity signifies openness and flexibility.Exquisiteness describes the characteristics of being fine and delicate in texture.Wrinkles are the curving forms and ripple-like lines nurtured by water.Fascinating StonesGardens in the south are mostly small in size.To evoke a sense of space,the use of“borrowing a distant view”is of special significance.It enables a visitor to look outside the garden to enjoy a new and greater vista(远景),and to acquire a feeling of spaciousness,despite being in a physically small space.A Sense of SpaceWindows are very important in this aspect.In Chinese horticulture(园艺),windows are always designed in the shape of a fan and referred to as“convenience windows”.A Sense of SpaceJoyous Longevity Hall,in the Summer Palace in Beijing,has windows on all its four walls,with its surrounding walls facing Kunming Lake.Each window view becomes the equivalent of a vivid painting.A Sense of SpaceJoyous Longevity HallIn fact,garden designers bestow these windows with another name“absorbent windows”,through which the sights of different places interact,thus setting the landscape of the garden in motion.More interestingly,through the windows,visitors may see different views at different angles,and thus the composition of the garden becomes infinitely enlarged.A Sense of SpaceA Sense of Space The idea of“borrowing a distant view”is actually applied not only to windows,but also to all the elements of the garden,such as houses,pavilions and pagodas(宝塔).A Sense of SpacePavilions are an integrated part of Chinese gardens.Their function is to divert visitors attention from a view in a limited space toward a view out into an infinite space.Standing in a pavilion,a visitor can look far into the distance to enjoy the beautiful sights of the world.A Sense of Space In the Summer Palace in Beijing,there is a pavilion named“Touring Through a Painting”,which does not mean that the pavilion itself is a painting,but that the scene outside the pavilion is like a painting.Therefore,once you enter the pavilion,you enter the bigger painting.A Sense of SpaceThe Canglang Pavilion Garden is famous for its pavilion.Atop a hill,the Canglang Pavilion seems to have the ability to command winds and clouds.Inside the pavilion,visitors capture a birds-eye-view of the beautiful scenery all around and below.A Sense of SpaceA Sense of SpaceA Sense of SpaceWhat kind of methods have Chinese garden designers adopted to arrange,organize and create space?1.“borrowing scenery”2.“dividing scenery”3.“separating scenery”4.“borrowing scenery with a mirror”The pagoda atop Jade Spring Mountain appears to be part of the landscape of the Summer Palace.From the Guanyun Building in Suzhous Liuyuan Garden,one can enjoy the scenery of Tiger Hill Park in the distance.the Liangyi Pavilion built on an artificial hill in Zhuozheng Garden commands a beautiful landscape outside the gardens wall.A Sense of SpaceSome examples of“borrowing scenery”“dividing scenery”The Long Corridor in the Summer Palace divides the landscape into two parts:one being the natural beauty of Kunming Lake;the other,the architectural complex representing human interests.A visitor enjoys the different scenery on the two sides at the same time;this is called“dividing scenery”.A Sense of SpaceThe Long Corridor in the Summer PalaceA Sense of Space“separating sceneryA fine example is the Harmony Garden in the Summer Palace.It is a garden within a garden,that is,an independent space in itself yet also a space dependent on a larger one.A Sense of SpaceExercisespComprehensionpCommunicationpApplicationl.Skimming and ScanningGo through the passage quickly and choose the best answer to each of the following question.1)From Paragraph 1,what can we learn about gardens south of the Yangtze River?A.They were temple or imperial gardens in the past.B.Most of them were located in Suzhou.C.Many of them were built several hundred years ago.D.They all embrace landscape paintings.ComprehensionC2)The winding paths in the gardens reflect the Chinese philosophy of being _.A.unrefined B.irresistible C.uninhibited D.reserved3)All the following can show curving lines in gardens south of the Yangtze River mentioned in Paragraph 5 EXCEPT _.A.corridors B.pavilions C.trees D.corners of the roofsComprehensionDB4)Guanyun Peak in Liuyuan Garden is mentioned as an example to show _.A.the beauty of Taihu Lake rocks B.the effect produced by rock formation C.the composition of the stones D.the rock formation modeled after a real peak5)Taihu Lake stones are frequently used in building artificial hills in gardens south of the Yangtze River partly because _.A.they are precious materials B.they are open and flexible C.they resemble jade D.they embody peoples dreamComprehensionBB6)According to Paragraph10,a window can serve to _.A.ventilate the garden B.show the sights outside C.form a vivid painting D.decorate the garden7)The word“panoramic”in Paragraph 11 is closest in meaning to _.A.beautiful B.distant C.colorful D.wideComprehensionBD8)What is NOT mentioned about the Canglang Pavilion Garden?A.The pavilion.B.The pillars.C.The birds.D.The inscription.9)Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 15?A.The pagoda atop Jade Spring Mountain is part of the landscape of the Summer Palace.B.Tiger Hill Park is not close to Liuyuan Garden.C.On the artificial hill in Zhuozheng Garden one can enjoy a beautiful landscape outside the gardens wall.D.In all the gardens mentioned here,walls are broken.ComprehensionCB10)Which of the following is an example of“separating scenery”?A.Smoke and Rain Hall.B.The Long Corridor in the Summer Palace.C.Kunming Lake.D.The Harmony Garden in the Summer Palace.ComprehensionD1)What kind of garden is the Summer Palace in Beijing?ComprehensionII.Careful Reading1.Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions briefly.The Summer Palace in Beijing is an imperial garden.2)What effect can the winding paths in the garden and a huge stone at the entrance have?The winding paths in the garden and a huge stone at the entrance serve to provide a pleasant surprise.3)What is the difference between a Chinese-style garden and a European garden according to Paragraph 6?ComprehensionThe difference between a Chinese-style garden and a European garden is that there are usually sculptures in a European garden instead of rock formations in a Chinese-style garden.4)What is the essence of a southern Chinese garden?The essence of a southern Chinese garden is the detail making for a perfect garden.5)What are the characteristics of Taihu Lake stones?ComprehensionTaihu Lake stones are thin,porous,exquisite,and full of wrinkles.6)Why is it necessary to“borrow a distant view”?It is necessary to“borrow a distant view”because gardens in the south are mostly small in size and it can evoke a sense of space.7)How can windows enlarge the composition of the garden?Through the windows visitors may see different views at different angles,thus the composition of the garden can be“enlarged”.8)What is the ideal of Chinese landscapists?ComprehensionThe ideal of Chinese landscapists is to soothe the souls of visitors when they are sitting in the pavilion and enjoying“the distant mountains and the nearby rivers”.9)Whats the function of the Long Corridor in the Summer Palace?The Long Corridor in the Summer Palace serves to divide the scenery into two parts,so visitors can enjoy the different scenery on the two sides at the same time.10)In Paragraph 19,what does“this purpose”refer to?“This purpose”in Paragraph 19 refers to“turn the real world into a virtual world”.2.Translate the following names of buildings in Chinese gardens.1)Guanyun PeakComprehension冠云峰 2)Tiger Hill Park虎丘公园 3)Smoke and Rain Hall烟雨楼 4)Hall for Listening to the Rain听雨轩 5)Moon and Wind Pavilion月到凤来亭6)Lotus and Wind PavilionComprehension荷风四面亭7)Flying Fountain Pavilion飞泉亭8)Long Corridor长廊9)Harmony Garden谐趣园3.Put the following into English by referring to the passage.1)朦胧的月光Comprehensionmisty moonlight 2)丛林groves of trees3)蜿蜒曲折的小径winding paths4)亭台楼阁pavilions5)泉水 spring water6)碧波荡漾的湖面 lake of limpid rippling water7)垂柳 weeping willows8)缠绕的藤蔓 entwining vines9)梅树 plum trees10)宝塔 pagodaComprehensionChinese gardens have a long history and have exerted great influence on the gardens of other countries.A Chinese house was built in the garden at Stowe House as early as 1838,starting a fashion for exotic architecture in English gardens.There is even a Chinese-style garden in Australia-Chinese Garden of Friendship(谊园).Find as much information as possible and report on it.The following pictures are for your reference.CommunicationCommunicationIn addition to what is mentioned in the passage,Chinese gardens and Western-style gardens are different from each other in many other ways.List as many differences as you can.Application