初中英语固定句型、词组及知识要点.doc

初中英语固定句型、词组及知识要点(一)句型(一) such+名词性词组+that / So+形容词/副词+that如此以致 例如：(1)She is such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一个好老师，我们都爱她。 (2)It was such a hot day that they didnt go out for a walk as usual.这么热的天气，他们没有像往常一样去散步。 注意点： 1.such+a+形容词+名词+that，可以改写成：so+形容词+a+名词+that，例句(1)可以改写成：She is so good a teacher that we all love her. 2.在such+形容词+名词复数或不可数名词+that结构中，形容词如果是many/few或much/little时，用so不用such，即：so+many/few+可数名词复数+that，so+much/little+不可数名词+that (1)There are so many people in the room that I cant get in.房间里人太多，我进不去。 (2)The man has so much money that he can buy a car.那人很有钱，他能买一辆小汽车。 句型(二) （就近一致） There be，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also 例如：(1)There is a pen and two pencils in his pencil-box.他的铅笔盒里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。 (2)Not only you but also I have been to the Great Wall.你和我都没有去过长城。 (3)Either you or I am leaving for Shanghai.要么你去上海，要么我去上海。 (4)Neither you nor he is right.你和他都不对。 (5)Both Jack and Tim are English. Jack和Tim是英国人。 注意点： 当这几个句型连接主语时，谓语动词的人称和数要考虑“就近原则”，对比bothand 来记忆，bothand连接主语时视为复数。 句型(三) Enough+名词+to do有足够的做某事 形容词/副词+enough+to do 足够做某事 例如：(1)There is enough room to hold these people to have a meeting.有足够的地方容下这些人开会。 (2)The boy is strong enough to carry the heavy box.这个男孩力气够大，能搬动这只箱子。 注意点： enough做副词修饰形容词或副词时，放在所修饰词的后面，句子可以用sothat句型改写。例句(2)可以改写为：The boy is so strong that he can carry the heavy box.这个男孩力气很大，能搬动这只箱子。 句型(四) too . to . too+形容词/副词+to do太以致不能 例如：(1)I was too excited to say a word.我激动得一个字也说不出来。 (2)Tom is too short to reach the apple. Tom太矮了，拿不到那个苹果。 注意点： 这是一个否定句型，不能在不定式前加 not，可以用sothat结构改写，例如例句(1)可以改写成：I was so excited that I couldnt say a word.句型(五) So that 以便/ 以致 例如：(1)They studied hard so that they could pass the exam.他们学习很努力，为了能通过考试。 (2)They started early so that they caught the early bus.他们起得很早，结果赶上了早班车。 注意点： 在例句(1)中,是引导目的状语；在例句(2)中，是引导结果状语。一般来讲，从句中含有情态动词的，为目的状语。无情态动词的，为结果状语。 句型(六) 祈使句+then/or/and+陈述句 例如：(1)Work hard,and/then/and then you will live a happy life.努力工作，你就会过上幸福生活。 (2)Hurry up, or we will be late for school. 快点，否则我们上学就迟到了。 注意点： 以上句型都可以用条件状语从句来改写。例句(2)可以改写成：If we dont hurry up,well be late for school. 句型(七) (1)Its time for sth.是干某事的时间了。 Its time (for sb) to do sth.该干某事了。 Its time that sb did sth.该干某事了。 例如：(1) Its time for the meeting.该开会了。 (2)Its time for us to go to school.我们该上学了。 (3)Its high time that you went to bed.你该上床休息了。 注意点： 在句型(3)中，可以在time前加rush、 high等修饰词，这个句型是虚拟语气的一种，含有“稍迟一点”的含义。而(2)则是“正是干某事的时候”。 句型(八) 花费” (1)It takes sb. Some time to do sth.干某事花某人一些时间 (2)sb. spend some time on sth./(in) doing sth.某人花时间在某事上/花时间干某事 (3)sb. spend some money on sth./(in) doing sth.某人花钱在某物上/花钱干某事 (4)sth. cost sb. Some money某事花某人一些钱 (5) sb. pay some money for sth.某人为某事(物)付钱 例如：(1)It took me two hours to write the letter.写这封信花了我两小时的时间。 (2)He spends half an hour (in) reading English every morning.他每天早上花半小时读英语。 (3)He spends one hour on the housework every day.他每天花一小时做家务。 (4)The bike cost me 298 yuan.这辆自行车花了我298元。 (5)I spent 298 yuan on the bike.我买这辆自行车花了298 元。 (6)I paid 298 yuan for the bike.我花了298元买这辆自行车。 注意点：cost主语一般为物；spend、pay主语一般为人。例(1)中it 用做形式主语，动词不定式为真正主语。句型(九) 提建议 (1)Why not do?为什么不干某事？ (2)Lets do 让我们干某事吧。 (3)Shall we do ?我们干某事好吗？ (4)Would you like something/to do sth.?你想要什么吗？你想要干吗？ (5)Will you please do ?请你干某事好吗？ (6)What (How) about doing?干某事怎么样？ 例如：(1)Why not go and ask our teacher?Good idea!Lets go.为什么不去问问老师？好主意！走吧！ (2)Shall we go out for a walk?No, lets go to the zoo.我们去散步怎么样？不，我们去动物园吧。 (3)Will you please fetch some chalks for me?请你给我拿些粉笔，好吗？ (4)What about singing an English song? Wonderful!唱首英语歌曲怎么样？好极了！ 注意点：这些句型都是表示“建议”的句子，可视为同义句。句型(十) (1)Lets go out for a walk,shall we?让我们出去散步，好吗？ (2)Read the book carefully,will you?认真读书，好吗？ 注意点：在这两个句型中，(2)所代表的祈使句，一般用will you构成反意疑问句。在(1)中Lets表示包括“我”在内，用shall we，但若是let us，表示不包括“我”在内，则用will you。 例如：Let us go out for a walk,will you?你让我们出去散散步，好吗？ 句型(十一) 倒装句 So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语也 Neither/Nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语也不 例如：(1)He can sing a lot of English songs,so can she.他会唱很多英语歌曲，她也是。 (2)She speaks English very well,so do I.她英语说得好，我也是。 (3)Li Lei hasnt read this book,neither has Lin Feng.李蕾没看过这本书，林风也没看过。 注意点：这两个句型都表示和前面所陈述的内容相同，用倒装句。要注意和 “so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词确实是”相区别，试对比一下例(2)： A：She speaks English very well.她英语说得很好。 B：so she does.确实是这样。 句型(十二) 否定的转移 I dont think his answer is right.我认为他的答案不对。 例如：(1)I cant believe she is right.我相信她是不对的。 (2)You dont think they will come tomorrow, do you?你认为他们明天不会来，是吗？ 注意点：Think、believe、suppose 等接宾语从句时，表示否定时否定主句。变为反意疑问句时，若主语是第一人称，简短问句与宾语从句的主谓语保持一致， 若主句主语是其他人称，与主句主谓语保持一致。例(1)变为反意疑问句应为：I cant believe she is right,is she? （在某些情况下，这种否定也可能不转移，如有兴趣，可上网查找“否定不转移”(二)初中英语重要句型(25组）1.There be结构 a.这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。 eg.There are twenty girls in our class.have也解释为“有”但是与there be有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。eg.I have a nice watch. b.There be结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。 C, there be 结构的否定和疑问构成方式：2.There is a rivernear our school.否：There is not a river near our school.问：Is there a river near our school.回答：Yes, there is. No, there isnt.划How many rivers are there near our school? Whats near our school?d.there be结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：there is going to be e.反意疑问句的构成：There is no water in the glass, is there?There is going to _ a football match this afternoon. A.have B.watch C.be D.playThey were sure that they were going to _ a rest. A.be B.have C.be on D.on 2.so,neither引导的倒装句a.So+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。eg.Mike has bought some foreign stamps. So has Bob.=Bob has bought some,too.b.Neither+be(助动词，情态动词)主语，表示某人也不。eg.Mother has never been to Japan. Neither has Father.=Father has never been to Japan, either. c.So主语be(助动词，情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同),请与a.区别。eg.A:Mike is right in the classroom. B:So he is.=He is really in the class room. 3.Its+时间+since动词过去式。自从.起已有.时间了。 Its two weeks since we met last.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了) How long is it since we left Beijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了 4.祈使句+and (那么).eg.Go straight on and youll see a school. =If you go straight on, youll see a school. 5.祈使句+or.否则.eg.Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students. =If you dont work hard, youll fall behind the other. 6. The+比较级.，the+比较级.越.越. eg.The more, the better.越多越好。 The harder you work on it, the better youll be at it.(你越用功，你就越好。) 7.How do you like the film? =What do you think of the film? (你认为这部电影怎样？) 8.What.do with.?怎样对付.?怎样处理.? 虽然中文为怎样，我们绝不可照字面翻译为how. eg.A:What have you done with the library book? B:Ive just returned it to the library. 9.I dont know what to do.我不知道该怎么办？ I dont know how to do. 10.What.be like?.是什么样的？eg.Whats the weather like?天气如何？ Whats your school like?你们学校是什么样的？ 11.What.for?为何目的？为什么？eg.What do you want a science lab for?=Why do you want a science lab? 12.one of +最高级复数 最.之一eg.Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers. 13.findfeelthink it +形容词+to do eg.I find it useful to learn English well. (我发觉学好英语是很有用的) find +宾语 +名词 eg.I find him a good boy. (我发现他是个好男孩.) find +宾语 +形容词 eg.I find the door open/closed. (我发现门开/关着) I find our bags filled with/full of presents. (我发现我们的包装满了礼物) 14.I dont think+肯定句 我想.不eg.I dont think Ill take it. (我想我不买它了)请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。 15.prefer A to B=like A better than B更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B. eg. I prefer fish to chicken.= I like fish better than chicken prefer to do rather than dowould rather do than do= would do rather than do16.had better do sth.最好干某事.否定:had better not do sth.特别注意:had better后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be. eg.Youd better catch a train. Youd better not talk in class. Youd better not be late for the class. 17.It is good (nice) of+宾格+to do sth.It is easy (important) for+宾格+to do sth.eg.It is very good of you to teach me English. (你教我英语真是太好了) 18.It takes sb. some time to do sth.(干某事化费某人多少时间) =sb.spend some time on sth. (in) doing sth. eg.It took me half an hour to do the work. =I spent half anhourin doing the work. 19.sb.pay钱 for物 某物化费了某人多少钱 =sb.spend钱 on物 =物 cost sb.钱 pay的过去式为paid而不是payed. eg.I paid thirty yuan for the coat. =I spent thirty yuan on the coat. =The coat cost me thirty yuan. 20.have been to某人曾去过某地,现在人不在那儿 sb.have been in+地点 某人呆在某地(一段时间) have gone to某人已去某地,人不在这儿 21. too形容词(副词)+to太而不能 太以致于不 eg.The basket is too heavy for me to carry.这篮子太重我拿不动。 This colour TV is too expensive for us to buy.这台彩电对我们来说太贵了，买不起。 so.that如此.以致于.上面的too.to结构的句子，可以换成so.that引导的句子转换。The basket is so heavy that I cant carry it.This colour TV is so expensive that we cant afford it. 22.Whats the population of .? .人口有多少？ 不说How much population in.?形容人口数量的大用large eg.The population of China is ten times as large as that of the USA 23.Ive come to return your pan. (我跑来是还你锅的) Why have you come?而不用What 24.not.until (连词)直到-才eg.He says that he wont be free until tomorrow.他说他需到明天方才有空。 肯定句until到eg.Youd better wait until tomorrow. (你最好等到明天) 25.neither.nor.既不.也不. either.or.或者.或者.Not only-but also不仅-而且eg.Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word hundred. Either you or she is right. (谓语动词就近原则) both.and.两者都.eg.Both Jim and I are in Grade One (主语看作复数) 练习题： 1.-Where is Mary? -Oh, she _ the librory. A.has gone to B.went to C.has been to D.had gone to 2.He knew little about the film _ he saw it yesterday evening. A.if B.since C.until D.because 3.I_ change his mind. Dont worry, Hell surely come to get it. A.think he wont B.think he will C.dont think he wont D.dont think he will4.- _do you_ the TV play? - Not bad, I think. A.How;think of B.What;like C.How;like D.What;think 5. I _ have a good time _ the party. A.hope you will;at B.like you; on C.hope you to ;in D.want you that; from 完成句子： 1. 中国有多少人口，中国的人口大约是世界人口的四分之一。 _ the population of China? Its about _ _ of the worlds population. 2.门铃一直响着，直到门被林涛打开才停。 The doorbell _ _until the door was opened by Lin Tao. 3.午饭后他休息了一会儿，我也休息了一会儿。 He had a short rest after lunch, and _ _ I. 4.史密斯夫妇离开他们的家乡已有十多年时间了。 _ more than ten years _ Mr and Mrs Smith left their home town. 5.公共汽车里挤得几乎连站的地方都没有. The bus was_ crowded that there was hardly _ standing room in it. 思考题： 1、做饭花了她半个小时。 It _ _ half an hour _ _ some cooking.=I _ half an hour _ some cooking. 2、你真好，经常在数学上帮助我。 Its really nice _ you to _ me _ my _. 3、Lily跑得不快，赢不了比赛。 Lily _ run quickly _ _ _ the race.=Lily _ _ _ _ _ the race. 4、在美术课上做一张教师节卡片怎样？ _ _ _ a Teachers Day card _ the art lesson? 5、足球是我校最受欢迎的运动项目之一。 Football is _ _ _ _ _ games in our school.(三)英语五类重点必知句型 一、常使用动词不定式的短语 1、Its time to do sth. Its time for sth 该作某事的时候了. 2、cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事 3、ask (tell sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求/告诉某人(不)作某事 4、allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人作某事 5、be supposed to do sth. 应该作某事 6、Would like /want (sb.) to do sth. 想要作某事 7、have sth/nothing to do 有时要做/与无关 8、find it +adj. to do sth. 发觉作某事 9、prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿作某事,而不愿作某事 10、Its +adj. for sb. to do sth. 作某事对某人来说 11、Its better /best to do sth. 最好做某事 12、It takes sb. st. to do sth. 某人做某事用了一些时间 二、常用动名词的短语 1、enjoy /like /love doing sth. 喜欢做某事 2、keep /keep on /carry on / go on doing sth. 继续做某事 3、feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 4、practice doing sth. 练习作某事 5、give up doing sth. 放弃作某事 6、be good at/ do well in doing sth. 擅长作某事 7、pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事 8、what about/ how about doing sth. .怎么样(好吗)? 9、Thank you for doing sth. 为感谢某人 10、mind doing sth. 介意作某事 11、be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 被用来作某事 12、spend (in) doing sth. 花时间作某时 13、be busy doing/ with sth. 忙于作某事 14、finish doing sth. 作完某时 15、look forward to doing. 盼望做某事 16、prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢胜过 17、be/get used to doing sth. 习惯作某事 18、keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人作某事三、省略动词不定式的短语 1、一看二听三使役 see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ look at /listen to sb. do sth. 看见/听见/感觉/注意某人作某事 make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事 2、help sb. (to) do sth/ with sth.帮助某人作某事 3、had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事 4、Why dont you/ not do sth.为什么不作某事 5、Would /Will / Could you please (not) do sth. 请你(不)作某事好吗? 四、 同义词比较 1、 stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去作另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事 eg. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking. After he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest. 2、 forget / remember to do sth. 忘记/记得要去作某事 forget / remember doing sth. 忘记记得曾经做过某事 eg. Please remember to bring my book to school. I remember doing my homework 3、 used to do sth. 过去常常作某事 be used to do sth. 被用来作某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯于作某事 eg. My father used to smoke. Wood is used to make paper. I am used to getting up early. 4、So +be/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 也一样 So +主语+be/助动词/ 情态动词 是呀,表示赞同别人的观点 Neither + be /助动词/ 情态动词+主语 也不一样(用于否定句) eg. He has been to Beijing. So have I. Its a fine day. So it is. She doesnt like eggs. Neither do I. 5、tooto do sth. 太而不能 so +adj. /adv + that(从句) 如此以致 such +(a/an +adj.)+n.+ that(从句) 如此以致 (not) enough (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事(不)够 eg. The boy is too young to go to school. The boy is so young that he cant go to school. He is such a young boy that he cant go to school. The boy is not old enough to go to school.五、常考知识点 1、keep +adj. 保持状态 keep (sb.) doing sth. 继续做某事/使某人老是做某事 eg. Everyone should keep our classroom clean. Its too late, but he still keeps working. Lily always keeps us waiting for her. 2、make + n. 使某人成为 make + sb. + adj. 使某人 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 Sb. be made to sth. 某人被迫做某事 eg. We made Peter our monitor. Books make us happy. He often makes me laugh. The workers were made to work 12 hours a day. 3、I dont think that. 我认为不 eg. I dont think you are right. 4、Its /was/has been+ some time +since+一般过去时 自从以来有多久了 eg. It has been two years since we met last time. 6、What do you mean by/ What does . mean? 是什么意思? eg. What do you mean by “computer”?/What does “computer”mean? 7、What do you think of/How do you like ? 你认为怎么样? eg. Wh