审计学一种整合方法-第12版-英文版Chapter11.ppt

2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-1Fraud AuditingChapter 112008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-2 2Learning Objective 1Define fraud and distinguishbetween fraudulent financialreporting and misappropriationof assets.2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-3 3Types of Fraud Fraudulent financial reporting Misappropriation of assets2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-4 4Learning Objective 2Describe the fraud triangle andidentify conditions for fraud.2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-5 5The Fraud TriangleIncentives/PressuresOpportunitiesAttitudes/Rationalization2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-6 6Examples of Risk Factorsfor Fraudulent Reporting Financial stability or profitability is threatened byeconomic,industry,or entity operating conditions Excessive pressure exists for management tomeet debt requirements Personal net worth is materially threatenedIncentives/Pressures:2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-7 7Examples of Risk Factorsfor Fraudulent Reporting There are significant accounting estimates thatare difficult to verify There is ineffective oversight over financialreporting High turnover or ineffective accounting internalaudit,or information technology staff existsOpportunities:2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-8 8Examples of Risk Factorsfor Fraudulent Reporting Inappropriate or inefficient communicationand support of the entitys values is evident A history of violations of laws is known Management has a practice of makingoverly aggressive or unrealistic forecastsAttitudes/Rationalization:2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-9 9Examples of Risk Factorsfor Misappropriation of Assets Personal financial obligations create pressureto misappropriate assets Adverse relationships between managementand employees motivate employees tomisappropriate assetsIncentives/Pressures:2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-1010Examples of Risk Factorsfor Misappropriation of Assets There is a presence of large amounts of cashon hand or inventory items There is an inadequate internal control overassetsOpportunities:2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-1111Examples of Risk Factorsfor Misappropriation of Assets Disregard for the need to monitor or reducerisk of misappropriating assets exists There is a disregard for internal controlsAttitudes/Rationalization:2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-1212Learning Objective 3Understand the auditorsresponsibility for assessingthe risk of fraud and detectingmaterial misstatements due tofraud.2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-1313Assessing the Risk of FraudSAS 99 provides guidance to auditorsin assessing the risk of fraud.SAS 1 states that,in exercising professionalskepticism,an auditor“neither assumes thatmanagement is dishonest nor assumesunquestioned honesty.”2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-1414Sources of Information Gatheredto Assess Fraud RisksCommunicationamong audit teamInquiries ofmanagementRiskfactorsAnalyticalproceduresOtherinformationIdentified risks of material misstatements due to fraud2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-1515Documenting Fraud Assessment Discussion Specific risks Procedures Reasons Results Other conditions Nature of communications2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-1616Learning Objective 4Identify corporate governanceand other control environmentfactors that reduce fraud risks.2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-1717Corporate Governance Oversightto Reduce Fraud Risks1.Culture of honesty and high ethics2.Managements responsibilityto evaluate risks of fraud3.Audit committee oversight2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-1818Example Elements for a Code of Conduct Organizational code of conduct General employee conduct Conflicts of interest Outside activities,employment,and directorships2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-1919Example Elements for a Code of Conduct Relationships with clients and suppliers Gifts,entertainment,and favors Kickbacks and secret commissions Organization funds and other assets2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-2020Example Elements for a Code of Conduct Organization records and communications Dealing with outside people and organizations Prompt communications Privacy and confidentiality2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-2121Organizational Factors Contributing to Risk of Fraud200319981994Collusion betweenemployees andthird partiesInadequateinternalcontrolsManagementoverride ofinternal controls4831333958593136362008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-2222Organizational Factors Contributing to Risk of FraudCollusion betweenemployees andmanagementLack of controlover managementby directorsIneffective ornonexistent ethics orcompliance program1519231211 610 8 72003199819942008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-2323Learning Objective 5Develop responses to identifiedfraud risks.2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-2424Responding to the Risk of FraudChange the overall conduct of the auditto respond to identified fraud risks.Design and perform audit proceduresto address identified risks.Design and perform procedures toaddress the risk of managementoverride of controls.2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-2525Learning Objective 6Recognize specific fraud riskareas and develop proceduresto detect fraud.2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-2626Rates of Fraud Occurrence20031998Theft of assets4922Check fraud4026Expense accountabuse3613Credit card fraud2013Payroll fraud12 32008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-2727Rates of Fraud Occurrence20031998Conflict of interest12 9Inventory theft1111Kickbacks 9 6Financial reportingfraud 7 32008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-2828Specific Fraud Risk Areas Inventory fraud risks Revenue and accounts receivable fraud risks Purchases and accounts payable fraud risks Other areas of fraud risk2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-2929Learning Objective 7Understand interview techniquesand other activities after fraudis suspected.2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-3030Methods of Uncovering FraudInternal controlsInternal auditNotification by employeeAccidentAnonymous tipNotification by customerNotification by regulatory or law enforcement agencyNotification by vendorExternal audit7765635441341916125143583735411611 4524751282634 815 5(Percentages)2003 1998 19942008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-3131Responding to Misstatements That May Be the Result of FraudWhen fraud is suspected,the auditor gathersadditional information to determine whetherfraud actually exists.2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-11-3232Types of Inquiry Techniques Informational inquiry Assessment inquiry Interrogative inquiry Evaluating responses Listening techniques Observing behavioral cues2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,2008 Prentice Hall Business Publishing,Auditing 12/e,Auditing 12/e,Arens/Beasley/Elder Arens/Beasley/Elder11-33End of Chapter 11此课件下载可自行编辑修改，供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！