1、写作词汇 i. Education类词汇 Education: 1) 培养(某种素质)cultivate/ foster/ nurture(vts)促进学生身心发展 promote the students physical, mental ( 或者用 intellectual) and emotional development 心理健康 psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare(nouns) 学习能力(先天就有的)aptitude/talent 学习能力 ( 后天学习到的) ability/ skill 学生接受的学校教育( 名词)schoo
2、ling(noun) 儿童接受 的家庭教育(名词)upbringing(noun) 给学生以动力 give the students motivation to do something 或者 motivate (vt) the student to do something 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/ youths 2) 传授知识 impart(vt)/inculcate(vt) knowledge 灌输高尚的道德观念 instill(vt) high moral values (注以values 复数比试价值观) 给学生以灵感 stimulate the stu
3、dents; thought 或者 give the students inspiration 家长教育子女的方式(名词)parenting/ upbringing 教学法 teaching methodology/ pedagogical methodology 适应(动词) adapt to do something/adjust oneself to do something/ become accustomed to do something 适应能力 adaptability 学生对老师所教授的知识的掌握 students grasp/ command(nouns) of what
4、has been taught 就业技能 employable/ marketable skill 3) 限制创造力的发展 extinguish(vt)/ stifle(vt)/ constrain(vt) creativity(noun) 打击学生的 积极性dampen/sap(vts) the students enthusiasm 或者 frustrate the students 产生 不必要的压力 beget/ create undue pressure 塑造某人的性格 mould(BrE,vt) ones character 责任感 a sense of obligation 学生
5、不应该只是被动的接收简单知识的容器 student should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas. 死记硬背 learn thing by rote. 4) 记忆方程式,公式,定理,定律 memorize equations, formulas, theorems and laws(nouns) 应用 apply (vt) 盲从 follow something blindly/ indiscriminately(adv) 用 填鸭式教学教育学生 force-feed(vt) the students 为了记
6、忆而记忆 memorize for memorization s own sake 5) 把学生分开教育(比如根据智力或者课堂上的表现) segregate(vt) students 来自于其 他同学的压力 peer pressure 逆境 adverse circumstances /adversity 团队精神 team spirit(noun) 独立思考 think independently(adv) 6) 在理解的基础上学习 learn things through understanding 鼓励学生用辨证的眼光看问 题 encourage students to think cr
7、itically(adv) 学生的反馈 students feedback 或者 students input 学生评价老师的教学 students appraise / evaluate their teachers performance 7) 学生学习的各门功课加在一起 curriculum(noun) 具体的一门课的内容 syllabus 课外 活动 extra-curricular activity 学校是社会的缩影 A school is society in miniature 不遵 守纪律(名词)indiscipline/ misbehavior/ mischief (noun
8、s) 不遵守纪律的(形容词)学 生 disruptive/ unruly students 8) 理论知识 theoretical knowledge 通才 generalist 专才 specialist 全面发展的 well-rounded /versatile 为社会健康发展做贡献 contribute to societal well-being/ welfare (注意这里 welfare 不是“福利”的意思) 9) 大学学科的分类可以分为:人文学科(包括文学、历史、语言学等)humanities 社会科 学(包括政治、经济、 社会学等)social sciences 艺术(包括音乐
9、、 雕塑等)arts 文 科的总称也可以称为 liberal arts 或者 liberal studies 理科(包括物理、化学、生物等)sciences 工科(包括工程,自动化等)engineering 大学里的任何一个学科都可以叫做 一个 discipline 基础科学 basic sciences 应用科学 applied sciences 小学教育 primary-level education 中学教育 secondary-level education 大学教育 tertiary-level education 职业教育 vocational education/ trainin
10、g 青少年 adolescents/ youngsters/ youths ii. Technology & media 类词汇 Technology 10) 尖端的技术 cutting-edged(adj) technology 信息爆炸 information explosion/ information overload 信息时代 the information age/ the information era 无联网被广 泛的使用 the proliferation of the Internet 科技创新及发展 technological innovations/ invention
11、s/ advances/ progressions (nouns) 提高效率 augment/ enhance/ boost(vts) efficiency 提高生产效率 augment/ enhance/ boost(vts) productivity 减少人力的机器 (计算机发明之前的技术) labor-saving machinery 11) 取代人力的机器 labor-replacing machinery 自动化 automation (noun)/ automated (adj) 生物技术 biotechnology 克隆 cloning (noun) clone (verb) 远
12、程通讯 telecommunications(noun) 太空探索(名词) space exploration 人的基因构成 ones genetic makeup/ ones DNA programming Media 12) 实事 current affairs 新闻界 the press 印刷媒体(如报纸、杂志) the print media 报 道新闻的机构 news outlets 电子媒体 the electronic media 无处不在的 prevalent/ ubiquitous/ pervasive 充斥着. be awash with/ be inundated wit
13、h / be saturated with something 审查 censor 删除 delete/eliminate/ excise(vts) 过多的暴力与色情内容 excessive/ gratuitous violent and pornographic contents 13) 有误导性的 misleading/ misrepresented/ distorted 诈骗性的 fraudulent 虚假的 false/ bogus 报道非常详细的细节 report something in graphic detail 媒体炒作 media hype 夸大事实 exaggerate
14、things/ sensationalize things/ blow things out of all proportion(最后一个口语化说法,但作文也可用) 客观公正的 objective and balanced 揭露 expose/reveal 14) 侵犯隐私 violate/intrude on/ infringe on /someone s privacy 毁坏某人的名誉 tarnish/sully/smear/besmirch ones reputation 狗仔队 paparazzi(复数名词,不能加 s) 名人 a celebrity/ celebrities(plur
15、al) 丑闻 scandals 掩盖(丑闻或罪行等)cover up/ gloss over/whitewash 15) 不客观的,不公正的 biased/skewed/unobjective 如实描写 factual accounts 可信的 reliable/trustworthy/dependable 及时的 up-to-date/ up-to the-minute (后者比前者 更及时)信息量大的 informative 娱乐性强的 entertaining 有新闻价值 newsworthy 道德准则 code of ethic 或者 code of conduct iii. Tour
16、ism 类词汇 16) 旅游景点 tourist attraction/ tourist spots/ places of interest 开阔眼界 push back/ expand ones vision/ horizons (注意 horizons 必须是复数) 游客与当地人互动 Tourists can interact with the locals 促进文化交流 promote cultural communication 吸引 draw/ attract/ appeal to (vts)/ be a magnet for somebody 亲身体验(名词) first-hand
17、 experience(noun) 多种感观体验的(如听觉、触觉等) multi-sensory(adj) 冲 突 conflict(noun, vi+with) 争端 discord/ dissension 17) 把游客和当地人隔绝 seclude / isolate(vts) the tourists from the locals 商业化 commercialize/ commodify(vts) 欺骗游客的手段 tourist traps 间接体验(比如通过 电视或者互联网,名词)second-hand experience/ vicarious experience 文化遗产 cu
18、ltural heritage 互联网不会让旅游业过时 The Internet will not render tourism obsolete. iv. Government 类词汇 Government 18) 当局 authorities 老百姓 citizens/ the citizenry(全体公民,不可数) 规范,管理 regulate/administer/oversee(vts) 实施 implement 立法 legislate/make laws 严禁 strictly prohibit/ ban altogether 严格的法律 stringent laws/ legi
19、slation 监督 scrutiny(noun)/ scrutinize(vt)/ monitor(vt) 19) 为.拨款 allocate money to something/ subsidize(vt)/ be a patron of / invest in/ finance(vt)/ fund(vt) dedicate money to something 预算 budget 税收 tax revenue 政府 在某方面的开支 the government spending/ expenditure on something 削减 curtail 增加 augment 当务之急 p
20、riority 把.当成当务之急 give priority to something. 责任 obligation/ responsibility 20) 军备竞赛 arms race 自卫 self-defense 国土安全 national security/ homeland security 缺乏远见的政策 short-sighted policy 扩张 expansion/ aggression 谋求霸权 seek/ pursue(vts) hegemony 恶性循环 a vicious circle 地区不稳定因素 destabilizing factor 规章制度 rules
21、and regulations 21) 太空竞赛 space race 武器 arms/ weapons/ armaments 下岗工人 lay-off workers/ downsize workers 失业 unemployment/ joblessness 基础设施 infrastructure比如 public transport system 公共交通系统,power grid 电网pipelines 石油和天然气管道 water supply and drainage system 给排水系统等, 民主与开放的政府 a democratic and progressive gove
22、rnment v. Animals 类词汇 Animals 22) 动物权益保护主义者 animal rights activists 医学研究 medical research 残忍的 cruel/ merciless/ inhuman/ callous/ brutal 活体解剖 vivisection 麻醉 anaesthetic 减轻动物 的痛苦 alleviate/ ease animals pain 宠物是主人的伙伴 pets are companions of their masters 给主人心理安慰 afford their masters consolation and co
23、mfort 偷猎 poach(vi,vt)/poaching(noun) 某一种事物是没有替代物的 there are no replacement/substitutes/alternatives(单数则去掉 s) for something. vi. Language & Culture 必备词汇 23) 一种可以通用的语言(比如英语) a lingua franca /a universal language/ a global language 英语的广泛应用 the proliferation of English 英语的统治地位 the dominant role/ the asc
24、endancy / the hegemony of English 方言 dialect/vernacular/the indigenous language 小语种将会消亡 Lesser-known language will become extinct/obsolete 小语种的消亡 the extinction/ demise of lesser-known languages 24) 文化遗产包括有形跟无形两种,有形的入历史遗迹,无形的入风俗,仪式,传统道德观 念等 Cultural heritage can be divided into two groups, tangible
25、cultural heritage, such as historic sites and intangible heritage, such as customs, rites, rituals and mores, etc. 保护 preserve 祖先 forefathers/ ancestors 后代 descendants/posterity(后一个是不 可数名词) 少数民族 ethnic minorities 25) 民族团结 the harmony between ethnic group/ race 文化融合 cultural integration and synthesis
26、 相互影响 interaction 文化多元性 cultural diversity 丰富 enrich 狭隘的观 念 insular/provincial/parochial mentality 贬低 deprecated/ denigrate/minimize the importance of /disparage/trivialize/discredit 某事不是一成不变的 something is not set/carved in stone vii. Development 类常用词汇 26) 生活节奏加速 the tempo/pace of life has accelerat
27、ed 疲劳 fatigue 导致人与人的疏 远 create alienation between people 过于功利的 materialistic/ mercenary/ money-worshipping 追求最大限度利润 pursue maximum profit 交通堵塞 traffic jams/traffic congestions/grid block(最后一个是不可数名词) 阻碍 impede/ hinder/ hamper/obstruct/inhibit(vts) 扶贫 poverty alleviation 就业机会 job opportunity/ employme
28、nt opportunity 贫穷的 needy/ poverty-stricken/ impoverished/ deprived/ destitute/ indigent 富裕的 affluent/ wealthy/ well-off 27) 撞车 car wrecks/ car accidents 行人 pedestrians 交通肇事者 traffic accident perpetrators 违章横穿马路 jaywalk(可以记忆为:周杰伦走路不走寻常路美特 斯邦威) 监控摄像头 surveillance cameras 28) 有特殊审美价值的老房子 old buildings
29、of special aesthetic value (注意审美观的英文 说法是 aesthetic values 复数) 有历史特殊意义的老房子 buildings of historic significance 民居 vernacular dwellings 让城市更美观 beautify the cities/ better the cityscape 破旧的房子 decrepit/rundown/rickety/dilapidated 拆除 tear down a building/demolish a building/raze a building/ knock down a b
30、uilding 高楼 high-rise building 摩天楼 skyscrapers 城市化 urbanization 城乡差距 the disparity between the city and countryside 城市的 urban 乡村的 rural 搬迁 relocate(vi,vt) 29) 在家上班(动词)telecommute 休闲 leisure/recreation 精神上的享受 amusement and enjoyment 娱乐 entertainment/diversion 宽松的管理 laissez-faire management 运营 成本 opera
31、ting costs/overhead costs 雇用 recruit 会导致效率降低的 counterproductive 劳动力资源 labor pool 抑郁症 depression 失眠 sleeplessness/ sleep-deprivation/insomnia 人口爆炸 population explosion/population boom 控制人口 birth control/family planning 爱慕虚荣的 pretentious/ ostentatious 缺少运动的生活方式 sedentary lifestyle 营养过剩 over nourishmen
32、t viii. Environment 类常用词汇 Environment 30) 生态平衡 ecological balance / ecological equilibrium 可持续发展 sustainable development 环保主义者 environmentalists/ conservationists 对环境无害的 environmentally-friendly 节约使用 conserve(vt) 保护 preserve 再利用( 动词) reuse/recycle 各国必须携手解决环境问题:Countries on this planet must join forc
33、es/ make a concerted effort /unite to combat/tackle/resolve/address environmental problems. 增强公众关于.的意识 raise/ elevate the public awareness of something 短缺 shortage/ scarcity/ dearth/ lack 给资源造成很大压力 put a strain on the already stretched resource 破坏自然资源 wreak havoc on natural resources 看法森林 deforestat
34、ion 污染 pollute/ contaminate 有毒的 poisonous/ toxic 31) 增加农产品产量 boost crop yield 可再生资源 renewable resource 不可再生资源 non-renewable resource(包括金属 metal, 矿产 minerals, 石油 petroleum, 天然气 natural gas, 煤 coal 等, 后三种可以总称为 fossil fuels) 消耗( 某种资源) consume/deplete 用尽 use up/ exhaust 严厉的措施 harsh action/ measures 生态系
35、统 ecosystem/ ecological system 某一地区所有的生物的总称 the wildlife in a region/ the biota(=flora + fauna) of a region 生物多样性 biodiversity 32) 污水 effluent/sewage 排放 discharge 温室效应 greenhouse effect /global warming 严 重的 severe /grave 白色污染产生的垃圾 non-biodegradable garbage / wastes that cannot decompose or break dow
36、n/ inorganic trash 谴责而不是纵容 condemn rather than condone(vts) something 臭氧层 ozone layer 肥沃的土壤 fertile soil 贫瘠的土壤 infertile soil 耕地 arable land/ farmland ix. Globalization 类常用词汇 Globalization 35) (一个国家或者地区的)文化特性 (national or regional) cultural identity 全球文化同 一化过程(名词,即地区文化特征的消失)global cultural homogeniz
37、ation 文化同一性 (或者叫文化均质性,名词)cultural homogeneity/cultural uniformity 全球化是一把双 刃剑 Globalization is a two-edge sword. 地球村 the global village x. Family 类常用词汇 37) 老年人 elderly people/ senior citizens 家庭成员间的情感纽带 family bonds/ family ties 归属感 a sense of belonging 对.的依恋 an attachment to something/ an affinity f
38、or something 贫穷的家庭 deprived families 富裕的家庭 affluent families 单亲家庭 single-parent household 虐待 mistreat/ abuse 家庭暴力 domestic violence 毒品上 瘾 addiction to drugs/ be addicted to drugs 40 Plays a dominant role in. 41 go extinct 42 lesserknown language 43 the widespread use of 3 3 分词汇分词汇=20 =20 分分 Topic Ed
39、ucation Media Technology Government Tourism Vocabulary 1 parenting 2 schooling 3 cultivate4 awareness =sense =recognition 5 contribute to6 motivation 7 adapt to 8 afford sth 9 prevalent 10 journalist 11 the press 12 coverage 13 misleading 14 dependable 15 uptothe minute 16 transform17 advance 18 a s
40、taggering rate 19 information overload 20 enhance 21 innovation 22 technological 23 telecommunications 24 solve=combat=tackle =resolve=address 25 alleviate=ease 26 Invest in =allocate money to 27 authority 28 ban=forbid=prohibit 29 scrutinize 30 administer=regulate 31 tax revenue 32 obligation 33 br
41、oaden ones horizon 34 conflicts 35 promote 36 local residents local inhabitants Language Culture Development Globalization Women Family 37 mutual understanding 38 enrich ones experience 39 the proliferation of. 44 ancestors 45 descendants 46 timehonored 47 cultural heritage 48 cultural diversity 49
42、cultural identity 50 ethnic minorities 51 the pace of =the tempo of life 52 the gap between the urban area and the rural area 53 inferior 54 facilities 55 alienated 56 materialistic 57 the present situation =the current situation =the status quo 58 affluent 59 impoverish 60 sweeping trends 61 synthe
43、size the Asian and Western cultures 62 erode 63 universal 64 a doubleedged sword 65 domestic violence 66 gender equality 67 discrimination 68 an enlightened society 69 household chores 70 be tied down by 71 offspring 72 personality clashes 73 household Crime Animals Environment 74 generation gap 代沟
44、75 family bonds 亲情 76 harmony n. 和谐 77 crimes=offense n. 犯罪=criminal acts 78 commit a crime 犯罪 79 stringent a. 严厉的 80 punishment n. 惩罚 81 the crime rate=the incidence 犯罪率 of crime 82 rampant a. 猖獗的 83 violate the law 违法的 84 curb v. 遏制(犯罪、污染等) 85 preserve v.保护(某种资源,比如 natural resources 或 old building
45、s)保护 人用 protect 86 inhumane a. 残酷的 87 biodiversity n. 生物多样性 88 companions n. 伙伴 89 replacements=alternatives n. 替代物(比如化妆品实验用动物作替代物而不用人做实验) 90 habitat n. 栖息地 91 endangered species 濒危动物 92 sustainable development 可持续发展 93 exploit natural resources 开采自然资源 94 the ecosystem 生态系统 95 profound impact 深远的影响
46、96 conserve v. 节约=save 97 deteriorate v. 如果某种现象自身恶化,就可以 aggravate 说它 deteriorate, 如果某种失误 导致别的现象恶化,就用 aggravate sth. 或者用被动 98 discharge v. 排放(污染物) 99 consume=deplete v. 消耗(资源) 100 ecofriendly a. 有益于环保的 101 scarcity n. 短缺 新闻界 the press 印刷媒体 the print media 报道新闻的机构 news outlets 电子媒体 the electronic medi
47、a 无处不在的 prevalent=ubiquitous=pervasive 充斥着。 be awash with=be inundate with=be saturated with sth 审查 censor 删除 delete=eliminate=excise 过多的暴力和色情内容 excessive (or 准准 5 5 分词汇分词汇=30=30 分分 EducationEducation cultivate=foster=nurture promote the students physical, mental (intellectual) and emotional develop
48、ment psychological soundness (or wellbeing/welfare) aptitude=talent ability=skill schooling upbringing give the students motivation to do sth.= motivate the students to do sth. adolescents=youngsters=youths Impart (or inculcate) knowledge instill high moral values (values 复数表示价值观) give the students
49、thought (or inspiration) parenting=upbringing teaching (or pedagogical) methodology adapt to sth.=adjust oneself to sth.=become accustomed to sth. adaptability students grasp (or command) of what has been taught employable (or marketable) skills forcefeed the students Students should not be treated
50、as passive receptacles of predigested ideas. learn things by rote memories for memorizations own sake a sense of obligation Memories equations, formulas, theorems and laws apply follow sth. blindly=follow sth. indiscriminately entinguish=stifle=constrain creativity dampen (or sap) the students enthu