阅读理解之词意猜测.ppt

Reading ComprehensionNO.11middle schoolskills of dealing with words or phrases in reading comprehension标点符号解释，如标点符号解释，如 ()-:()-:1 It will be very hard but also very 1 It will be very hard but also very brittle brittle brittle brittle -it will -it will break easily.break easily.skill 1skill 1易折易折/碎的碎的 潮湿的潮湿的2 2 TornadoesTornadoesTornadoesTornadoes normally occur on hot,normally occur on hot,humidhumidhumidhumid (a little wet(a little wet)day,but not necessarily in the summer.)day,but not necessarily in the summer.定语从句或同位语解释定语从句或同位语解释1 1Modern medicine began with the Modern medicine began with the stethoscopestethoscopestethoscopestethoscope,a a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a persons lungs and his heartbeats.persons lungs and his heartbeats.2 He was a 2 He was a prestidigitatorprestidigitatorprestidigitatorprestidigitator who entertained the children who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats,swallowing fire,and by pulling rabbits out of hats,swallowing fire,and other similar tricks.other similar tricks.skillskill 2 同位语解释同位语解释 定语从句解释定语从句解释 DesertDesertDesertDesert can be defined as a large area of land can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.to support human life.信号词解释：信号词解释：be called,be referred asbe called,be referred as等等Skill 3Skill 3 信号词解释信号词解释An An estuaryestuary means the body of water where a river means the body of water where a river meats the ocean.meats the ocean.1 Cars must have certain safety 1 Cars must have certain safety devicesdevicesdevicesdevices such as seat such as seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.belt,headlights,and good brakes.2 On the farm they mainly raise 2 On the farm they mainly raise poultrypoultrypoultrypoultry,like like chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.举例解释举例解释for examplefor example，for instance,especially,include,consist offor instance,especially,include,consist ofSkill 4Skill 4 举例解释举例解释I often feel I often feel timidtimid,especially when I walked along in,especially when I walked along in the darkness.the darkness.The The terroriststerrorists,including Ben Laden,including Ben Laden，will be will be punished sooner or later.punished sooner or later.1 1 In some countries where there is very little rain,the In some countries where there is very little rain,the farmers have to farmers have to irrigateirrigateirrigateirrigate,or water,their fields.or water,their fields.2 All whales fall into two groups,those with teeth and 2 All whales fall into two groups,those with teeth and those without,Dolphins belong to those without,Dolphins belong to odontocetiodontocetiodontocetiodontoceti,that is,that is,they are toothed whales.they are toothed whales.重述解释重述解释in other words,to put it another way,i.e.in other words,to put it another way,i.e.Skill 5Skill 5 重述重述People here will soon get People here will soon get acquainted,acquainted,to put it to put it another way,they will soon become known to another way,they will soon become known to each other.each other.1 1Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as was an old woman,almost as plumpplumpplumpplump as mother,as mother,but much shorter.but much shorter.同义词、近义词解释同义词、近义词解释asasas,the same asas,the same as等等Skill 6Skill 6 同义词，近义词解释同义词，近义词解释1 Though Toms face has been washed quite 1 Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remainsclean,his neck still remains grubbygrubbygrubbygrubby.2 John usually wastes a lot of money on such 2 John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things,his wife,however,is very useless things,his wife,however,is very thriftythriftythriftythrifty.but,yet,otherwise,while,but,yet,otherwise,while,on one handon one handon the other hand,on the other hand,for one thingfor one thingfor another thing,for another thing,等等Skill 7Skill 7 对比或对照对比或对照 1 1 Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very times its normal length because it is very elasticelasticelasticelastic.2 The river is so 2 The river is so turbidturbidturbidturbid that it is impossible to that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.see the bottom even when it is shallow.因果等逻辑关系因果等逻辑关系Skill 8Skill 8 逻辑关系逻辑关系1 1 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,he usually gives an he usually gives an anaestheticanaestheticanaestheticanaesthetic to make him unconscious,to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.know what is happening to him.2 When you throw a stone into still water of a lake,2 When you throw a stone into still water of a lake,you will watch you will watch a a a a ripple ripple ripple ripple spread in rings on the surface of spread in rings on the surface of water.water.3 Metal3 Metal expandsexpandsexpandsexpands when heated and when heated and contractscontractscontractscontracts when when cooled.cooled.生活经验生活经验,生活常识生活常识,逻辑推理逻辑推理Skill 9Skill 91 1 标点符号解释，如标点符号解释，如 ()-()-:2 2 定语从句或同位语解释定语从句或同位语解释3 3 信号词解释：信号词解释：be,be called,means,be defined asbe,be called,means,be defined as等等4 4 举例解释：举例解释：such as,like,for example/instance,such as,like,for example/instance,especially,include,consist ofespecially,include,consist of5 5 重述解释重述解释or,that is(to say),in other words,to put or,that is(to say),in other words,to put it another way,i.e.it another way,i.e.6 6 同义词、近义词解释：同义词、近义词解释：or,like,asor,like,asas,the same asas,the same as通过解释2 上下文线索上下文线索1）通过解释通过解释:2）通过对比或对照）通过对比或对照3）通过因果等逻辑关系）通过因果等逻辑关系4）通过经验常识等）通过经验常识等1.Unlike his brother,who is truly a handsome man,John is quite homely“homely”means“”.ugly（反义词、同义词）（反义词、同义词）反义词反义词常见信号词：常见信号词：however,but,while,whereas,unlike,otherwise等；等；同义词同义词常见信号词：常见信号词：or,namely,that is,i.e.,that is to say,等。等。2.Today was a very hectic day for meI woke up late，hurried to the office，worked until four，went to the store，cooked dinner and washed clothesI did so many things that I was certainly very tired“hectic”means“”.busy（根据解释）（根据解释）3.Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeousIt was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest“gorgeous”means“”.4.The heat of sun warms some ocean waterThe surface of the water evaporates，forming a cloud of warm，wet air that moves upward“evaporates”means“”.beautifulturns into vapour（根据上下文）（根据上下文）（根据常识）（根据常识）阅读下列短文或段落阅读下列短文或段落,从每题所给的四个选项中从每题所给的四个选项中,选出最佳选项。选出最佳选项。(1)Societies all over the world name places in similar ways.Quite often there is no official naming ceremony but places tend to be called names as points of reference by people.Then an organized body steps in and gives the place a name.Frequently it happens that a place has two names:One is named by the people and the other by the government.As in many areas,old habits die hard,and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost.37.What does the underlined phrase“die hard”probably mean?A.Change suddenly.B.Change significantly.C.Disappear mysteriously.D.Disappear very slowly.考点击破考点击破(1)D。由本句句意可知，特别是由本句句意可知，特别是in many areas和和long after the meaning is lost等关键字眼，以及等关键字眼，以及die这个词本身的意思，可以推断这个词本身的意思，可以推断是是“慢慢消失慢慢消失”的意思。的意思。(2)2010年全国年全国I卷卷When monkey-pox,a disease usually found in the African rain forest,suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest,its hard not to wonder if the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings.“Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing,”says Peter Schantz.Monkey-pox may be the wake-up call.Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners.We know very little about these new diseases.68.What does the phrase“the wake-up call”in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A.a new disease B.a clear warning C.a dangerous animal D.a morning call(2)B。由上文可知由上文可知“猴痘是通常在非洲热带雨林里的动物猴痘是通常在非洲热带雨林里的动物身上才有的疾病，现在突然出现在人类身上身上才有的疾病，现在突然出现在人类身上”，有人建议，有人建议要修改相关法律，为什么？因为猴痘给人类来带了要修改相关法律，为什么？因为猴痘给人类来带了“一种一种明确的警示明确的警示”：有病的宠物可能会传染主人，而人类对这：有病的宠物可能会传染主人，而人类对这样的疾病知之甚少。本小题也可直接根据构词法来猜测。样的疾病知之甚少。本小题也可直接根据构词法来猜测。(3)2010年陕西卷年陕西卷Not all of Moms advice passed the test of medical studies.For example,generations of children have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating.But research suggests that there is no danger in doing so.Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs dont hold water,there is still a lot of truth in the old wives tales.After all,much of this knowledge has been accumulated(积累积累)from thousands of years of experience in family health care.53.The phrase“hold water”in the last paragraph most probably means”_”.A.to be believable B.to be valuable C.to be admirable D.to be suitable(3)A。由由there is still a lot of truth(依然有很大的可信度依然有很大的可信度)可知，可知，前面是讲前面是讲“尽管有的传统信念是不可信的尽管有的传统信念是不可信的(dont hold water)”。(4)2010年天津卷年天津卷I am a writer.I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of languagethe way it can evoke(唤起唤起)an emotion,a visual image,a complex idea,or a simple truth.Language is the tool of my trade.And I use them allall the Englishes I grew up with.41.By saying“Language is the tool of my trade”,the author means that _.A.she uses English in foreign tradeB.she is fascinated by languagesC.she works as a translatorD.she is a writer by profession(4)D。联想首句可知联想首句可知“语言是我谋生的工具语言是我谋生的工具”的含义是的含义是“我是一位专业作家我是一位专业作家”。(5)2010年北京卷年北京卷So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings.“We have a very limited number of studies,so were almost looking at the problem through a straw(吸管吸管),”architect David Allison says.“How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad,generalized use of them?Thats what were all struggling with.”66.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that _.A.the problem is not approached step by step B.the researches so far have faults in themselves C.the problem is too difficult for researchers to detect D.research in this area is not enough to make generalized patterns(5)D。由因果关系可知，因为我们研究有限，所由因果关系可知，因为我们研究有限，所以理解还不够全面。以理解还不够全面。(6)2010年湖北卷年湖北卷Sunday is more like Monday than it used to be.Places of business that used to keep daytime“business hours”are now open late into the night.A half century ago in the United States,most people experienced strong and precise dividing lines between days of rest and days of work,school time and summer time.Today the boundaries still exist,but they seem not clear.71.By saying“Sunday is more like Monday than it used to be,”the writer means that _.A.work time is equal to rest timeB.many people have a day off on MondayC.it is hard for people to decide when to restD.the line between work time and rest time is unclear(6)D。由本段叙述的内容，特别是最后一句可知，休息时间和工由本段叙述的内容，特别是最后一句可知，休息时间和工作时间的分界线不明显了。作时间的分界线不明显了。(7)2010年辽宁卷年辽宁卷The government of India has planned to send a team to China to see how things are done.A minister once said that India must open the doors for more foreign investment(投资投资)and such a step would“work wonders as it did for China”.But its a two-way street.I just heard about a thousand Shenzhen office workers who have gone to Rangalore to train in software.Meanwhile,all the IT majors are setting up a strong presence in China.57.What does the author mean by“its a two-way street?A.China and India have different traffic rules.B.Tea trade works wonders in both India and China.C.Chinese products are popular in both China and India.D.The exchanges between India and China benefit both.(7)D。上段说印度派人到中国学习，本段中提及深上段说印度派人到中国学习，本段中提及深圳的员工去印度学圳的员工去印度学IT，由此可知，由此可知，“中印两国的交中印两国的交流对双方都有好处流对双方都有好处”。(8)2010年四川卷年四川卷Hiking(远足远足)Please stay on permitted paths.Otherwise you may destroy desert plants.Pack out what you pack in,so you leave no signs of your visit.It is important to keep in mind that you are in a national park where wildlife exists.52.What do the underlined words“pack out what you pack in”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.keep everything out of campgrounds.B.take away everything you bring in.C.carry all the necessary food.D.look after your personal belongings.(8)B。根据结果句根据结果句“不要给你的观光留下任何痕迹不要给你的观光留下任何痕迹”可知，可知，“把带进来的东西全部要带出去把带进来的东西全部要带出去”，故选，故选B。谢谢您的观看！