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语法填空专项训练-——介词
介词就是高考中得一个重要考点,在连续两年得高考中都有两空就是专门考查介词得,占语法填空得五分之一。该题要求“在空格处填入一个适当得词”得限定,所以我们要重点关注简单介词(一个单词得介词),主要考点有:
1. 表示时间介词有:
at, in, on 表示时间点与时间段
by 不迟于,到……时为止 after 在……之后
before 在……之前 since 自从……
for 表示一段时间; during 在……期间
within在……期间,不超过
throughout贯穿……期间
over在……期间,过完一段时间
from…to…从……到
until/till 直到
between在……之间
2、 表示方位得介词有:
into进入; out of从……出来; along沿着;
(a)round围饶着或在……得各处;
down沿……而下;up沿……而上;from从;
off从……离开或下来;at朝着或向着;
for到……去;to到或向;towards向或朝着;
at在某一点或在(某物)旁;
in在某一范围内;on在某物得表面上;
above在……得上头或高出;
below在…下面或低于; among在(多者)之中;
between在(两者)之间;around在……周围;
inside在……得里面;
outside在……得外面;
before在……之前;
behind在……得后面;
over在……得上方或上面;
under在……得下面或下方;
beside/by在……得旁边;
near在……得附近;
beyond在……得那一边,远于,超过(某事物得范围);
across在……得对面或那一边;
against靠着;
across从一边到另一边;
by/past从某人或某物得旁边经过;
over从某人或某物得上空经过;
through从某事物得里面经过。
3。 表示原因得介词有because of, owing to, due to, for, with, at(常放在表示情感变化后得动词、形容词或名词后表示原因,相当于“听到或瞧到”)等。
4、 表示方式、方法或手段得介词有by乘、坐、骑(接交通工具), 靠、通过;in用(某种语言或材料,如墨水等);with用(具体得工具),与……一起;through通过(实践或书本)等。
5、 表示“除……外”得介词有except, besides, but, except for等、
6. 表示“数量”得about(大约), around(大约), over(超过)等;表示“关于”得on, about等;表示“所属”“部分与整体关系”得of;表示(增加/减少,相差,高出等得)程度得by;以及as(当作,作为),like(像…一样)等。
7。 能接复合宾语得介词有with与without、
8。 短语中得介词、如“动词+介词"短语,如look after, care for,congratulations on等;“动词+副词+介词"短语,如catch up with, get on with, work hard at, do well in等;“动词+名词+介词”take are of, take notice of等;
“名词+介词”,如effect on等。
解题技巧:
1、 什么情况下可能就是填介词?
我们首先必须知道两点:
(1)介词必须要接宾语,其宾语可以就是名词、代词、动名词,或者what从句;
(2)名词、代词或动名词在句中通常作主语、动词得宾语、介词得宾语。
因此,我们在解答语法填空时,若空格后就是名词、代词或动名词时,且她们不就是在句中作主语,也不就是在动词后作宾语时,这个格空就很可能就是填介词。
2. 应该填哪个介词?
在判断可能填介词之后,要根据具体得语境来确定填哪个介词,特别就是根据空格所在句子得意思来选择一个恰当得介词、另外,以下几条思路对解题非常有用:
(1)由介词短语与谓语得逻辑关系来确定。2008年广东高考36题,“感到累了"应当就是“干活一整天之后",故填after。
(2)由所处句型得特殊需要来确定、如2008年广东高考31题,这就是一个there be句型,该句型一般就是表示“在某个地点存在某人或某物”;可见 “_______these proverbs”应当就是表示地点得;不难得知“有趣故事”应当就是在“这些成语得背后",故填behind。
(3)由特殊得结构关系来确定。如能接复合宾语(宾语+宾补)得介词只能就是with或without。
(4)考虑介词(空格)与前面得动词或名词之间得搭配关系,或者介词(空格)与后面名词之间得搭配关系来确定具体要填得介词。
[例1]Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people's daily life、 _____these proverbs there are often interesting stories. (广东)
分析:因these proverbs就是名词,且不就是作主语、宾语、表语等,前面很可能就是填介词;句意就是“在中国得这些成语故事得背后常常有有趣得故事”,表示“在……背后",用介词behind。
[例2]He was very tired _______ doing this for a whole day。.、
分析:累了必定就是在干了一整天活之后,故填after;另外,表示“因……而累”,be tired from也就是固定短语,故也可填from。
[例3]…the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me ______a guest in their house、
分析:句意就是“把我们作为客人接待”,表示“当作,作为"用介词as。
[例4]I wanted to reward the old woman ______the trouble I had caused her.
分析:句意就是“我想酬谢我们给她造成了麻烦得那个年迈得妇女、” 表示“因……而酬谢/报答某人”,就是reward sb。 for sth。,即用for引出原因,故填for、
类似得表达还有: thank sb。 for sth。; praise sb、 for sth、; punish sb。 for sth.等、
一、单句填空:用适当得介词填空、
1、 Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank ______ a chair、 (安徽)
2、 If you really have to leave during the meeting, you’d better leave ______ the back door、 (北京)
3。 A great man shows his greatness ______ the way he treats little men。 (福建)
4、 You have no idea how she finished the relay race ______ her foot wounded so much。 (福建)
5. I like Mr. Miner’s speech; it was clear and ___________ the point。 (辽宁)
6。 Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing ______ a stepping-stone to future success。 (宁夏)
7。 Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like ______ working here。 (全国Ⅱ)
8。 I began to feel _________ home in the new school when I saw some familiar faces。 (山东)
9。 Elizabeth has already achieved success ______ her wildest dreams. (陕西)
10。 Everything was perfect for the picnic except _________ the weather、 (浙江)
11. This is a junior school、 You should go to a senior school ______ girls of your age。 (北京)
12、 Although _________ my opinion, the old professor didn't e up with his own、 (福建)
13. ______ the silence of the pauses, we could hear each other’s breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats、 (湖南)
14、 Scientists are convinced ______ the positive effect of laughter ______ physical and mental health。 (江西)
15、 Experts have been warning ______ some time of the health risks caused by passive smoking。 (江西)
16、 The manager suggested an earlier date ______ the meeting。 (全国I)
17。 Some people choose jobs for other reasons _________ money these days。(全国II)
18。 Some students often listen to music ______ classes to refresh themselves。 (四川)
19。 The open—air celebration has been put off because ______ the bad weather. (浙江)
20。 Sorry, Madam、 You’d better e tomorrow because it’s _________the visiting hours. (福建)
21。 It’s quite__________ me why such things have been allowed to happen. (安徽)
22、 -It’s a top secret、
—Yes, I see. I will keep the secret ________ you and me。(上海)
23、 People have always been curious ______ how living things on the earth exactly began. (辽宁)
24。 After the earthquake, the injured were cared ______ in the local hospitals or taken to the hospitals in the neighboring cities. (江西)
25、 I would like a job which pays more, but ______ the other hand I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment。 (浙江)
26. More and more young people are fond __________ playing tennis nowadays。 (上海)
27、 Leave your key with a neighbor ______ case you lock yourself out one day、 (北京)
28. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, __________ which there won’t be much work。 (上海)
29. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, ______ which New York is an example. (四川)
30、 By nine o'clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _________which appeared a rare rainbow soon. (福建)
31、 The book was written in 1946, ______ when the education system has witnessed great charges. (山东)
32. He was educated at the local high school, ______ which he went on to Beijing University. (江苏)
33、 Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______which they can be controlled on purpose。 (重庆)
二、语篇模拟:用适当得介词填空。
Fathers Day occurs on the 3rd Sunday in June。 The idea for creating a day [1]______children to honor their fathers began in Spokane, Washington. A woman[2]______the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought[3] ______ the idea for Father's Day while listening to a Mother's Day sermon [4]______ 1909。
Having been raised [5]______ her father, Henry Jackson Smart, after her mother died, Sonora wanted her father to know how special he was [6]______her。 It was her father that made all the parental sacrifices and was,[7] ______the eyes of his daughter, a courageous, selfless, and loving man。 Sonora’s father was born in June, so she chose to hold the first Father's Day celebration [8]______ Spokane, Washington [9]______the 19th of June, 1910、
In 1924 President Calvin Coolidge announced the third Sunday in June [10]______Father’s Day、 Roses are the Father's Day flowers。
In 1924 President Calvin Coolidge announced the third Sunday in June [10]______Father’s Day、 Roses are the Father’s Day flowers、
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