大学四级阅读Section-A教学文案.doc

大学四级阅读Section A

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1
Over a hundred years ago, Charles Dickens shocked many of his readers when he described the conditions under which young children worked in British factories. The conditions Dickens described continue almost _____1_____ today in many parts of the world. The only difference is that today _____2_____ of children is limited to small industries and family businesses, such as hotels, restaurants and _____3_____ farms, rather than to large factories.
Girls _____4_____ more from child labor practices than boys. Many of them are forced to start work when they are only ten years old. Although the work they are given to do is often light, it is often _____5_____ to the health. _____6_____, children as young as six years were found to be working in Asian factories, and the children were working from eight to fourteen hours a day in overcrowded and unhealthy working _____7_____. Sometimes a whole family group is employed, with the _____8_____ going to a parent or older relative. The children not only receive nothing or very little for their long hours of work, but also they are prevented from attending school. Therefore, when they become older they are unable to do any other kind of work.
The _____9_____ to the problem of child labor is clearly better laws to protect young children, greater supervision（监督）of industry and heavier fines for those who break the laws. Only in this way can young boys and girls be allowed to enjoy the most _____10_____ time of their lives—children.

A. elsewhere B. employment C. dissolved D. light
E. recently F. solution G. unchanged H. suffer
I. conditions J. perspective K. impatient L. valuable
M. particular N. proceed O. payment

2
One lunchtime, May Ward was going round the local supermarket in Parkside Road, Liverpool, doing her shopping, when she suddenly slipped and fell. She was badly shaken and hurt but _____1_____ nothing serious resulted. It turned out that she had slipped on some ice-cream which had been _____2_____on the floor. Two weeks later she wrote to the firm to _____3_____ compensation（赔偿）to make up for the pain and _____4_____ she had suffered. She complained that they had been negligent（忽视的） and careless in not keeping the floor clean. The firm denied that they had been negligent and _____5_____ that they had a proper system for keeping the floor clean. They had given instructions that when a member of staff found a spillage, he or she was to stand by it, and call someone else to clear up the mess.
Since Mrs. Ward felt that she was _____6_____ to compensation, she sued（起诉）the firm in the Law Court. Here the firm claimed that it did not _____7_____, just because someone had slipped on the floor, that they must have been negligent carrying out their duties. They said that unless the customer could prove how the ice-cream came to be on the floor, and how long it had been left there before the accident happened, she had not made out a proper _____8_____ against them. But the judge took a different view. He said that, on the face of it, the accident would not have happened at all if the firm had taken reasonable care. It was something which in the ordinary course of events does not happen if floors are kept clean and spillages are dealt with as soon as they occur. It was up to the firm, he said, to provide _____9_____ , if they could, that the accident did not _____10_____ from and negligence on their part. They would obviously be in a better position than the customer to establish how long the ice-cream had been spilt and explain the circumstances to the Court.

A. claim B. spilt C. evidence D. case
E. innocent F. inconvenient G. derive H. maintained
I. entitled J. arise K. follow L. unexpectedly
M. determine N. fortunately O. credited

3
They call them the new bread earners. They are women, and they are set to take over.
Women are beginning to rise ___1___ to the top in the workplace all over the developed world. New figures show that in almost a third of American ___2___ with a working wife, the woman brings home more money than her husband and that they now occupy half the country’s “high-paying, executive, administrative and ___3___ occupations”, compared with 34 per cent 20 years ago.
The trend is ___4___ by two main factors, experts say – a ___5___ acceptance of men as househusbands and mass unemployment of male white-collar workers from the technology, finance and media industries in the last three years.
The University of Maryland has ___6___ a report that shows women to be the chief earner in 11 per cent of all US marriages.
Pushing a buggy (婴儿车) on a sunny afternoon in New York’s Central Park last week, Jonathan Blinderman, 33, said, he was ___7___ he had been able to see every moment of his daughter Lindsay’s first six months of life while his wife, Sage, was out working.
It is a sign of these times of ___8___ that when he mentions his status at parties he is either praised as a saint or ___9___ as a slave-cum-freeloader (爱占便宜的奴隶). For the revolution is nowhere near complete.
But Maria Cancian, an economist at the University of Wisconsin, said ___10___ women were increasingly looking for househusbands.
A) caused B) proud C) carelessly D) mocked
E) produced F) managerial G) greedy H) precaution
I) argued J) transition K) ambitious L) tackled
M) growing N) steadily O) households

4
The French division of McDonald's has run advertisements that included a surprising ____1____: Kids shouldn't eat at McDonald's more than once a week.
The advertisements, ____2____ information from specialists, aim to show that "McDonald's meals are part of a balanced weekly diet," said Euro RSCG, the agency that came up with the ads, which appeared this spring, mostly in French women's magazines.
Alongside quotes from specialists addressing ____3____ and diets for children, the ads described how McDonald's hamburgers are made of 100 percent real beef and cooked on a grill free of ____4____ oil.
One ad placed in Femme Actuelle in April quoted a nutritionist who said, "there's no reason to ____5____ fast food, or visit McDonald's more than once a week."
The McDonald's Corp., based in Oak Brook, Ill., said in a statement Wednesday that it "strongly ____6____" with the nutritionist quoted in the French advertisement.
"The vast majority of nutrition professionals say that McDonald's food can be and is a part of a healthy diet based on the sound nutrition ____7____ of balance, variety and moderation（适度）," the statement said.
Since opening its first French branch in 1968, McDonald's has expanded ____8____ in France. More recently the multinational has come under fire from anti-globalization ____9____, farmers' groups, and in Paris, striking workers.
Last year, sheep farmer-turned-activist Jose Bove became a standard-bearer for the French anti-globalization ____10____ when he led a group that ransacked（洗劫） a McDonald's in southern France.

A. quoting B. continuously C. overweight D. suggestion
E. abuse F. protestors G. occasionally H. additional
I. tame J. movement K. disagreed L. healed
M. principles N. conference O. prosperous

5
Many people wonder why some men want to live on the moon. It is ____1____ not the kind of place where most men would choose to live. But man has always moved to new areas.
Some scientists hope that continued work will be done on the moon. Many experiments will be done there more ____2____. Some large ____3____are very easy to do in a place without air. Matter can be heated to very high temperatures without ____4____change when it is in such a place. Air, dust, and clouds cannot ____5____man’s view of space from the moon. The very high or very low temperatures and low gravity on the moon will be used for many experiments. One very important use of the moon will be to ____6____spaceship.
Man might be able to learn much about his own body by living on the moon. He would be living in a habitat that he made for himself. Man would be in control of the ____7____of life in which he lives. ____8____could be removed from the air in this community.
Gravity is the one thing that would not be under man’s control. Some scientists believe the low gravity of the moon would be ____9____for man. The heart would not have to work so hard. The body would need less energy to move than it does on the earth. However, the human body might change during long stays on the moon. Much exercise would probably be needed to keep the body in good ____10____.

A. community B. condition C. launch D. insight
E. chemical F. mysterious G. experiments H. probably
I. healthful J. easily K. extend L. render
M. promptly N. block O. bacteria

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