城市园林绿化企业资质核准信息系统.pptx

IntroductionWhat is plant propagation?The reproduction or increasing in number of plants.Can be done in one of two ways.Sexual.Asexual.Sexual or Seed PropagationSexual PropagationThe propagation or reproducing of plants from seeds.Sexual PropagationPollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma.Fertilization occurs and seeds are produced.Parts of the SeedParts of the SeedSeeds are made up of 3 main parts.Seed Coat.Endosperm.Embryonic Plant.Planting SeedsPlanting depth depends on the size of the seeds.The larger the seed,the deeper it is planted.Example:Petunia seeds are planted shallower than beans,tomatoes,or marigolds because they are the smallest.Small seeds should be watered by bottom soaking.Planting SeedsSeeds are directly seeded when they are planted in the soil where they will grow to a saleable size.Germination flats are used if they are to be transplanted at a later time.When reusing germination flats,be sure to sterilize the flats and soil.GerminationGermination rate is the%that sprout.Example:75 out of 100=75%Rates affected by.Seed viability.Temperature.Moisture.Type of plant.Quality of seed.GerminationTransplanting SeedlingsSeedlings are the small plants.Transplant when first true leaves appearHeld by the true leaves rather than the stems to prevent stem bruising which will kill the plant.Hardening OffThe reducing of humidity and water to make the environment more like the outside.Advantages of Sexual PropagationFast way to get many plants.Easy to do.Economical.Disadvantages of Sexual PropagationSome plants,especially hybrids,do not reproduce true to parents.Some plants are difficult to propagate from seeds.Asexual PropagationAsexual PropagationThe use of growing parts other than seeds to reproduce plants.The types are.CuttingsLayeringDivision/SeparationBuddingGraftingTissue CultureRooting from CuttingsRooting media should be about 4 inches deep.Best time of day to take cuttings is early morning because plants have more moisture.Rooting from CuttingsThe three main types of cuttings are.StemLeafRootStem CuttingsThe taking of a piece of stem to reproduce plants.Use a rooting hormone with fungicide to.Speed up root development.Prevent root rot.Leaf CuttingsThe use of leaves and sections of leaves to reproduce plants.Done from herbaceous plants.Veins must be cut!Root CuttingsThe use of roots to reproduce plants.Should be spaced 3 inches apart in the rooting area.LayeringThe rooting of plant parts while they are still attached to the“parent”plant.The types are.Air Layering.Trench Layering.Mound Layering.Air LayeringAlso called Chinese propagation.Area of plant is girdled and surrounded by a moist growing medium that is sealed in polyethylene film.Trench LayeringMother plant is bent to the ground and buried.Plants form at each node on covered stem.Mound LayeringRooted plant is cut off at the soil level.As the season progresses,soil is added to cover the growing shoots.After 1 year,the shoots are rooted and removed from the parent plant.Division&SeparationCutting or pulling apart of.BulbsCormsRhizomesTubersRunnersStolensSuckers GraftingJoining separate plant parts together so that they form a union and grow together to make one plant.ScionPiece of plant at the top of the graft.RootstockThe piece of the plant at the root or bottom of the graft.Grafting MethodsScion&rootstock are the same size:WedgeSpliceWhip&tongueApproachGrafting Methodswhip&tongue graft splice graft approach graft wedge graft Grafting MethodsScion is smaller than the rootstock:Cleft.Side.Notch.Bark inlay.Grafting Methodscleft graft side graft bark inlay graft notch graft BuddingA form of grafting when a bud is used.Faster or quicker than grafting.The 3 main methods are.Patch budding.T-budding.Chip budding.Patch BuddingT-BuddingChip BuddingTissue CultureMust have a sterile environment.Get the most plants in a short time.True to parent plants.Advantages to Asexual PropagationPlants mature in shorter time.Some plants do not produce viable seeds.New plants are same as parent plant.Disadvantages to Asexual PropagationSome methods require special equipment&skills.Such as grafting.Cuttings detach plant parts from water and nutrient source.Some plants are patented.Making propagation illegal.Biotechnology in HorticultureWhat is Biotechnology?The use of cells or components(parts)of cells to produce or processes.Methods of BiotechnologyTissue CultureAlso called micropropagation.Uses the terminal shoots or leaf buds in a sterile or aseptic environment on agar gel or other nutrient-growing media to produce thousands of identical plants.Methods of BiotechnologyCloningGenetically generating offspring from non-sexual tissue.Methods of BiotechnologyGenetic EngineeringMovement of genetic information in the form of genes from one cell to another cell to modify or change the genetic make-up.Benefits of BiotechnologyProduce many identical plants in a short time.Increase disease and insect resistance.Increase tolerance to heat or cold.Increase weed tolerance.Increase tolerance to drought.Improve environment.Increase production.Other genetic changes.Designed By:Johnny M.Jessup;FFA AdvisorHobbton High School