Unit3Howdoyougettoschool知识点.doc

Unit3 How do you get to school?
一、本单元知识点总结

1.get to school 到校
2.take the subway 乘地铁
3.take the train 坐火车
4.leave for 到 地方去离开去某地
5.take…to…把 带到
6. most students 大多数学生
7. depend on 依赖决定于
8.from…to…从„„到„„
9.think of 想到想起
10.ride bikes 骑自行车
11.in other parts of the world 在世界的其他地方
12. how far 多远
13.take the train to school 乘火车去上学
14.in places 在一些地方
15.go to school by boat乘船去上学
16.on the school bus乘坐校车
17.be different from和„„不同
18.worry about 担忧焦虑担心
19. take sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人某些时间去做某事
20.in common 　 共有，相同　
21.travel abroad 　去国外旅游
22. go down to　　延续至；走下去…　
23. most of　　大多数的
24. some of　　 一些
25. bus station　　 汽车站
26. bus ride　　乘汽车之行　　　　　
27. come back　　 回来
28. by boat　　乘坐小船
29. walk to school　步行去上学
30. have to　不得不
二、重点知识详解
1.take +a/an/the+表示交通工具的名词乘„„去某地是动词短语在句中作谓语。
He takes the train.
take the subway 乘地铁
take a walk 散步
take a bath 洗个澡
take a rest 休息一会
take a seat 坐下
take some medicine 吃药
2.by+表示交通工具的单数名词或on/in+ a/an/the/one’s+表示交通工具的单数名词
是介词短语作方式状语。 I get to school by bike. = I get to school on my bike.
3.walk/ride/drive/fly+to+地点名词步行/骑自行车/开车/坐飞机去某地
表示乘交通工具方式可以互换表达相同的意义:
Take the bus to school=go to school by bus=go to school on a bus
Drive a car to work=go to work by car=go to work in a car
Fly to shanghai=go to shanghai by plane/air=take the/a plane to shanghai=go to shanghai on a/an/the plane.
4.get表示“到达”后接名词需加to接地点副词不加to.
reach 表示到达是及物动词其后直接接宾语。
arrive in+大地点 arrive at +小地点 后接副词不需介词。
5. It takes sb some money/time to do sth.花费某人多少时间/钱做某事
Sb pay some money for sth 某人为某物花费多少钱
Sb spend some time/money on sth 某人在做某事或某物上花费时间/钱
Sb spend some time/ money (in)doing sth Sth cost sb some money 某物花费某人多少钱
6. How far is it from A to B?=How far is B from A?
答语有两种 1 It’s…meters/miles/kilometers(away)有„„米/英里/千米远 
2 It ‘s about ten minutes’ walk/ ride. 大约有十分钟步行/骑车的路程。
7.depend on/ upon 视„„而定取决于依靠+名词、代词或从句做宾语不用于进行时态和被动语态中。
8.have to 后加动词原形侧重客观的需要有“不得不被迫”之意
有多种时态形式否定式为don’t have to(needn’t)意为“不必”。
Must 侧重于说话者的主观看法认为有必要或有义务做某事只有现在时一种形式,否定式must’t意为“一定不要不允许禁止”反意词为“needn’t”。
9.a number of+名词复数 +复数谓语 许多„„ the number of +名词复数+单数谓语 „„的数量
10.When it rains I take a taxi. 由when, while, since, until, before, after , as soon as, the first time 等 引导的时间状语从句中由if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句中主句可以是一般将来时祈使句或有情态动词的句子从句要用一般现在时表将来。
10.感谢用语
Thank you very much , Thanks a lot , Many thanks. 回答感谢用语的句子
That’s ok /all right. 不用谢。
You are welcome 不客气。
It is my pleasure./My pleasure./It is a pleasure.不客气、那是我的荣幸。
Don’t mention it。别在意。
It was nothing at all.那没什么。
三、语法归纳 
一how 引导的特殊疑问句
1.how 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式
其答语分三种情况
a. take a/an/the+交通工具单数 b. by+交通工具单数 c. on/in+限定词+交通工具
2. how far 用来提问距离多远
其答语分为两种 
1用长度单位表示It is five kilometers. 
2用时间表示It’s twenty minutes’ walk. 3.how long 用来提问时间意为多久回答常用“for+段时”。 ----How long have you learnt English? ----For 3 years. how soon 用来提问做完某事还需要多长时间 常用于将来时态时 常用“in+时间段”来回答。 ――How soon will you arrive in Beijing? ----In 3 hours. 
二宾语从句
1.在句子中起宾语作用的句子叫宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序。
2.宾语从句的连接词 
1从属连词有that, if, whether。 Nobody knew whether she could pass the exam. I know that she is from America. 
2连接代词有who, whom, whose, what 等 Do you know whose book it is? Could you tell me what your father looks like? 
3连接副词有when, where, why, how等 He didn’t tell me when we could meet again. I don’t know how I can get there.
3.时态 
1主句是一般现在时从句的时态由句子本身确定。 
2主句是过去时 从句用过去时态。 
3主句是过去时从句是客观真理时用一般现在

知识讲授
1、How do you get to school？
(1) how是疑问副词，意为“如何,怎样，用什么手段”。本句为how引导的特殊疑问句，用以询问交通工具。
① take + a/the + 表示交通工具的名词，是动词短语，在句中作谓语。
② by + 表示交通工具的单数名词或on/in + a/the +表示交通工具的单数名词，是介词短语，作方式状语。
eg: I walk./ I get to school on foot.
I ride my bike./ I get to school by bike./ I get to school on my bike.
I take the bus./ I get to school by bus./ I get to school on the bus.
【注意】by + 表示交通工具的单数名词时，名词前不能加任何冠词或者其他修饰词。
(2)get 在句中为不及物动词，意为“到达”，常与to连用，但是表示目的地的词是副词here、there、home等时，则不需要用介词to。
eg: They’ll get to Beijing at six tonight.
I’ll get there on time.
2、It takes about 25 minutes to walk.
It takes sb sometime to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
【辨析】spend, cost, pay 与 take
(1)spend 的主语必须是人。常用于 spend…on sth或 spend…(in) doing sth.意为“某人花时间/金钱做某事”。
eg: I spent 5 dollars on the book.
(2)cost的主语只能是事情。常用于sth cost sb some money意为“某物花费某人多少钱”。
eg: The skirt costs her 200 yuan.
(3)pay的主语必须是人。长用于sb pay some money for sth.意为“某人为某物付款”。
eg: He paid 1000 yuan for the TV set.
(4)take用于 It takes sb some time( money) to do sth. 句型中。
eg: It took him seven days to make the big cake.
3、Then the early bus takes him to school.
take…to…意为“把…带到…”
【辨析】take，bring与fetch
take
意为“带走，拿走”，强调从说话地将人和物带走别的地方去
bring
意为“带走”，强调将某人或某物从别的地方带到说话地来
fetch
意为“去拿，去取”，即离开说话地去取某物后再回来，强调动作的往返
4、How do students around the world get to school ?
(1)意为“环绕；围绕；绕过”
eg: The earth moves around the sun.
(2)表示“在…四周”
eg: There are many trees around the playground.
(3)表示“在…的附件”
eg: Is there a park around here ?
(4)表示“大约”，常与数字连用
eg: He goes to school at around 8 o’colck.
5、In North America, not all student take the bus to school.
not all…这个结构所表达的意思通常是“部分否定”，意为“并不是所有的…都…”。当not用于代词all, many, much, every, both前时，均属于部分否定。
eg: Not all that glitters is gold. 发光的并不都是金子。
6、I have a map but it’s in Chinese, and I only speak English.
in Chinese “用汉语”，in 表示“用…”，主要用“用某种语言，用某种材料，用某种方式”。
eg: I paid the bill in cash.
【辨析】say, speak, talk与tell
say
意为“说，讲”，它针对的是说话的内容
speak
意为“说，讲”，不强调说话的内容，但有时指讲某种语言，（在会上）发言要用speak
talk
意为“谈话；交谈”，有不及物动词和名词两种词性，常与with,about或to搭配
tell
意为“说；告诉”，侧重于“告诉”的含义多一些，常用tell sb about sth “告诉某人关于某事“和tell sb (not )to do sth “告诉某人（不要）做某事”
7、Let me look at your map.
【辨析】look, read, see与watch
look
意为“看”的动作，强调“看”的动作，多以词组形式出现，如look at, look like,.look after等
read
意为“读”，多指看书、看报、看杂志、看图等
see
意为“看见，看到”，侧重于“看”的结果，常用句式：see sb do/doing sth
watch
意为“观看，注视”，指非常仔细地、有目的地、特定地看，多接比赛、电视
语法讲解——how引导的特殊疑问句
1、how引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式。其答语分三种情况：
① take a/the + 交通工具（单数）
② by + 交通工具（单数）
③ on/in + 限定词 + 交通工具
eg: —— How do you go to work every day?
—— I drive to work./I go to work by car./ I go to work in my car.
2、how far 用来提问距离，意为“多远”。其答语分为两种情况：
①用长度单位表示
eg: —— How far is it from your home to the bus stop ?
—— It’s five kilometers.
②用时间表示
eg: —— How far is the park from the shop ?
—— It’s ten minutes’ walk.
3、how long 用来提问时间，意为“多久”。
eg: —— How long have you been in America?
—— For two years.

语法知识
　　1. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人某些时间去做某事
　　例如：It took the people a lot of time to get to the mountain.　　人们花了很多时间才到了那座大山。
　　It takes me twenty minutes to get to school on foot every morning.　　每天早晨我步行到学校要花费二十分钟。
　　It will take three hours to finish the work.　　完成那项工作需要花费三个小时。
2. 动词take还有其他词义；例如：
1) 得到；获得 　　You have to take it as you find it.　对这个你只得将就些算了。
　　2) 拿；握住；抓住　　The mother took her child by the hand.　　母亲拉着孩子的手。
　　3) 取走，拿走　　Take this shopping home.　　把这件买的东西拿回家。
　　The foods here are all free - take any you like.　　这里的食品都是免费的,你们随便吃吧。
　　Who has taken my chocolate?　　谁拿了我的巧克力？
　　4) 乘，坐，搭（车、船）　　Shall we go by bus or take a cab?　　我们是乘公共汽车去还是乘出租汽车去?
　　to take a bus to work　　乘公共汽车上班
　　5) 吃；喝；服用；吸入　　Take your medicine.　把药服下。
　　6) 进行；作；为　　to take a walk　 散步
　　If you don't take / get more exercise you'll get fat.　　你如果不多锻炼就会发胖。
　　The state government has decided to take a 50% cut of oil profits.　　州政府决定抽取石油利润的百分之五十。
　　We must take a long hard look at their suggestion.　　他们的建议我们要好好研究一番。
　　to take a look around　　在附近看看
　　7) 测出，量出　　Take your temperature.　　量一量你的体温。
　　8) 减掉，去掉　　If you take 4 from 10, you have 6.　　十减去四剩六。
　　9) 懂得；了解　　Do you take me?　　你懂我的意思吗？
　　10) 攻读，修（课）　　Did you take history at school?　　你在学校上过历史课吗？
　　11) 吸引；着迷　　He is really taken by the little dog.　　他对小狗着了迷。
　　12) 持续，花费（时间）　　Just a minute, it won't take me long to change.　　等一下,我很快就可以换好衣服。
　　This new pain-killer doesn't take long to act on the pain?　　这种新止痛药不需要很长时间就能发挥止痛作用。
　　13) 照像，拍照　　This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures.　　这次他设法爬进了基特罗火山口,以便能拍到照片,测量温度。
　　I had my picture taken this morning.　　今天早晨我照了像。
　　3. depend　 v. 依靠，依赖
　　1) depend（常与on, upon连用）视情况而定　　That depends.　　视情形而定。
　　It all depends on how you tackle the problem.　　那要看你如何应付这问题而定。
　　2)（常与on 连用）信任，信赖；需要
　　I haven't a car, I have to depend on the buses.　　我没有汽车，只能靠公共汽车。
　　Children must depend on their parents.　　孩子们必须依赖他们的父母
　　You can depend on his honesty.　　你可以相信他的诚实
　　depend on　　依靠；由...而定, 取决于；从属于；依赖其维持
depend upon　　依靠；由...而定, 取决于；从属于；依赖其维持
重点句型解析
1.交通方式的询问： How do you get to school ? 回答:
on foot
by bike
by car
by bus
by train
by plan/ air
by boat
by subway
on a bus
in a car
on my bike
I walk
I ride a bike
I drive a /my car
I take a / the bus
I take a/ the train
I take a/ the plan
I take a /the boat
I take a/ the subway

to school.

I get / go to school

注意点：并不是所有都用take, 也并不是所有都用by,注意四个方面
① 步行特殊的： walk = go ..on foot ,
② By car , by bike = drive a / my car , ride a / my bike
③ By +交通工具无冠词， 但 ride a bike/ drive a car/ take a bus 等必须有冠词a/ the.
④ 除了介词by +交通工具外，还可以用on/ in +交通工具，on a bus, in a car , on my bike ….
2. 对于路程多久的提问： How long does it take ? 回答：It takes me 30 minutes.(重点句型)
重/难点辨析：花费 take , spend, pay ,cost
It takes sb time/ money to do sth. （有时态变化,过去式took,）
Sb. spend time/ money on sth/ in doing sth.
Sb. pay money for sth
物 cost sb. time/ money.
3. 对于路程有多远的提问：How far is it from his home to school?
回答： It’s about 10 kilometers (away )from his home to school.
重点、难点辨析： be far from, away from, from ..to .
far from, 离…远 My school is far from my home.
具体路程+away from, My school is 10 kilometers away from my home.
from。。to, 从。。到。。It’s 10 kilometers (away) from my school to my home.
A +be +路程距离from +B, My school（A） is 10 kilometers from my home（B）.
4. 宾语从句: 疑问语序变为陈述语序 （引导词+主语+谓语）（重、难点）
Thomas wants to know where Nina lives.
Thomas wants to know how long it takes to get to school .
Thomas wants to know how far from school she lives.
5.其它重要语言点
① 到达： get to = arrive in/ at = reach +地点， 但是遇到here/ there/ home时无介词
② hundred ， 注意： 几百几百 不用加s , 如， seven hundred; 303名学生: three hundred and three students
③ ride 的不同词性： ride 作动词，骑（自行车、马等）； 作名词， 旅行，旅程（不可数）
First, he rides his bicycle to the bus station. The bus ride usually takes about 25minutes.
⑤ 一天三餐前一办不加冠词，但是若有形容词，那是指具体的某一顿饭或具体的饮食，可用冠词。
⑥ take sb/ sth to +地点， 把某人、某物送到。。。
⑦ think of = think about, 认为…以为… what do you think of / about the trip? = How do you like the trip?
⑧ mean作名词, means,方法，方式，手段，单复数同形，means of transportation,交通方式
⑨ North China ,华北； North America, 北美洲；the north of China ,中国北方，the north of America , 美国北部
⑩ a number of / the number of
⑪ must 情态动词，“一定”表示肯定的猜测，反义：can’t “不可能”；否定：mustn’t ,一定不能，表示禁止，决不允许
⑫ a lot / much / a little 修饰比较级
⑬ depend on , 取决于，决定于
⑭ although = though , 不能与but 连用
⑮ worry about/ be worried about
⑯ 辨析：how long 多久，多长时间；how far 多远距离