高考名词性从句.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,Grammar,Noun Clauses,How,should we,use modern technology?,The problem is,The problem is,how,we should,use modern technology,.,When,will man,be able to live on Mars?,.is unknown to us all.,When,man will,be able to live on Mars,is unknown to us all.,Where,will all these advanced technology,lead us?,I cant imagine.,I cant imagine,where,all these advanced technology,will,lead us.,1.,连接词有：,that whether,和,lf,2.,连接代词有：,who whom whose which what,等,3.,连接副词有：,when where why how,等,另外,whatever whoever whichever,等也,可 以引导主语和宾语两种从句。,名词性从,句是一种具有名词功能的非独立分句，可,以表示：事实和问题。,名词性从句中,的,that,没有词义，也,不,作任,何成分,。除引导宾从外，主从和表从中不省,宾语从句,Object Clause,表语从句,Predicative,主语从句,Subject Clasuse,同位语从句,Appositive Clause,名词性从句,Noun Clause,从句一律保持陈述语序,主语,从句,同位语,从句,表语,从句,宾语,从句,1.,主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分,1),That,the earth is round is true.,2),Whether,he will come is doubtful.,3),What,he said surprised me most.,4),Where,he hid the money is to be found out.,5),Whoever,comes is welcome.,6)Its certain,that,he will succeed.,7),How,we can help the twins,will be discussed at the meeting.,8),When,theyll start the project,has not been decided yet.,It,的用法：（形式主语）,It possible/important/necessary/clear,that,很可能,/,重要的是,/,必要的是,/,很清楚,It said/reported that,据说,/,据报道,Its been announced/declared that,已经通知,/,宣布,It seems/appears/happens.that,显然、明显、碰巧,Its no wonder that,并不奇怪,/,无疑,Its a pity/a fact/a common knowledge(,众所周知）,/a common saying.,（俗话说）,What you left,are,only several old,books.,What you said,is,of great importance.,What he says and does,doesnt,concern me.,What he says and does,dont,agree.,“,if”,不能引导主语从句，应有“,whether”,引导。,主语从句的“,that”,一般不能省。,“,what”,引导主语从句时，谓语动词：,1,）常与其后作表语的名词一致,2,）根据句子的语境而定。,_ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.,A.That B.Why C.What D.How,2._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.,A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where,3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.,A.Which;belong to B.As,belonged to,C.What;belonging to D.It;belonging to,4.Its known to us all _ a form of energy.,A.water is B.that water is,C.is water D.that water to,5.It worried her a bit _ her hair was,turning gray.,A.whether B.That C.what D.when,6.What I say and think _ none of your,business.,A.is B.are C.has D have,熟 读 深 思,1,主语从句,定义：主语从句就是指在另一个句子中充当主语的句子。它由连接词,that,whether,及特殊疑问词连接。改错：,What he will come here to see us is certain.,(,2)If he is free now is uncertain.,(,3)It doesnt matter how he can attend our meeting.,2.,宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）,that,whether,，,if,（,that,常可省略,）,连词：,who,what,which,whoever,whatever,when,where,why ,how,1).Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold,ring.,2).It all depends on whether they will support us.,3).She will give whoever needs help a warm,support.,4).He made it clear to the public that he did an,important and necessary job.,5).I find it necessary that,we should do the,homework.,归 纳 总 结,规则,3,：,特殊疑问词连接从句时，特殊疑问词用来表示询问某种情况。它来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，在从句中充当句子成分。,2,语序：主语从句要用陈述句语序，即主谓语序。,3,时态：主句时态为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时态；主句时态为现在时或将来时，从句时态视具体情况而定。,will be,goes,were playing,have returned,had been,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow.(be),The headmaster hopes everything _ well.(go),Tom says that they _ (play)basketball at six oclock yesterday evening.,I hear they _ (return)it already.,He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948.(be),wrote,has taken,had been,6.I didnt know what time he _ the letter.(write),7.Could you tell me who _ away the book already?(take),8.Ling,Feng,told me he _ to the Great Wall several times.(be),熟 读 深 思,2.,宾语从句,定义：在另一个句子中充当宾语的句子称为宾语从句。,(1)He said that he was from Hunan Province.,(2)I dont know whether he can come this afternoon.,(3)Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?,(4)I dont know what he is doing now.,(5)Where do you think Tom is from?,规则,3,：,特殊疑问词,从句，从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，在从句中充当句子成分，如：,(3),。,2,语序,不论主句为何种句型，宾语从句用陈述句语序，如：,(4),。,3,时态,主句时态若为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时态；主句时态若为现在时或将来时，从句时态视具体情况而定。,归 纳 总 结,3.,表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后,.,作,用：对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：,that/whether,/as if/as though,（,if,不引,导表语从句,),连接代词：,who/whoever/which/whatever,连接副词：,when/where/why/how/because,China is no longer what she used to be.,Thats because we were in need of money,at that time.,He looked as if he was going to cry.,Tomorrow is when it would be most,convenient.,在表语从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“,whether”,不能用“,If”,。,一般情况下，“,that”,不能省。,It is/was because.,It is/was why.,3.The reason(why/for)is/was that.,4 The reason is because/why,that .,1.Thats _ the Party called on us to do.,A.why B.what C.how D.that,2.The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.,A.because B.why C.that D.Whether,3.That is _ they separated.,A.that B.what C.which D.where,4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago.,A.what B.which C.that D.when,4,同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分,，一,般跟在一些抽象名词,（,idea,；,belief,；,fact,；,truth,；,rumour,；,news,等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明,.,同位语从句常用,that/,whether,引,导,或连,接副词,when/where/why/how,The idea,that computers can recognize,human voices surprises many people.,2),Word,came that Napoleon himself was,coming to inspect them.,3).Sydney kept his,promise,that he would,always do anything he could for Lucie to make,sure of her happiness.,I have no idea,when,he will get married.,how,they can get the treasure.,where,the concert will be held.,who,is fit for the work.,why,it happened.,which,pen is mine.,what,we should do next.,whom,they are talking about.,whether,itll rain tomorrow,.,that,our football team won the game.,We expressed the hope,that they would come to China again.,We expressed the hope,that they had expressed,同,位语从句和定语从句的区别：,1.,同位语从句,that,只起连接作用，不作任何成分,定语从句,that,是关系代词，起连接作用和充,当宾语和主语,2.,同位语从句,同位语从句和前面的名词是同位关,系，对名词进行补充说明,定语从句,定从和前面的名词是所属关系，对,名词进行修饰，加以限定,3.,同位语从句,that,不能省,定语从句,that,在从句中作宾语时，可以省,The idea that computers will,recognize human voices surprises,many people.,1)What is the idea?,The idea is that computers will,recognize,human,voices.,2)What surprises many people?,i)The idea surprises many people.,ii)That computers will recognize human,voices surprises many people.,2.The possibility that the majority,of the labor force will work at home,is often discussed.,1)What is the possibility?,The possibility is that the majority,of the labor force will work at home.,2)What is often discussed?,i)The possibility is often discussed.,ii)That the majority of the labor force,will work,at home is often discussed.,3.Well discuss the problem that,the majority of the students are,often late for school.,1)What is the problem?,The problem is that the majority of the,students are often late for school.,2)What will we discuss?,Well discuss the problem.,Well discuss that the majority of the,students are often late for school.,专题,11,考点归纳,考点归纳,名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四大类。它们遵守的共同规则如下：,规则,1,：连接词基本相同，它们是：从属连词,that,whether,as if,；连接代词,what,who,whom,which,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever;,连接副词,where,when,why,how,wherever,whenever,。,规则,2,：从属连词,that,本身无意义，在名词性从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。,规则,3,：名词性从句中，除了连接词要提到句首之外，一律要用陈述句语序。,规则,4,：在动词“坚持,(insist),、命令,(order,，,command),、建议,(suggest,，,advise,，,recommend),、要求,(demand,，,require,，,request,，,ask)”,后的宾语从句和这些动词的过去分词后的主语从句，以及这些动词的名词引出的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语部分常用,(,should)do,形式。如：,专题,11,考点归纳,His advice is that,everyone(should)do,his best to help the poor girl.(,表语从句,),He advised that,everyone(should)do,his best to help the poor girl.(,宾语从句,),He made some advice that,everyone(should)do,his best to help the poor girl.(,同位语从句,),It was advised that,everyone(should)do,his best to help the poor girl.(,主语从句,),专题,11,考点归纳,考点二宾语从句,在复合句中充当宾语的句子称为宾语从句。,规则,1,：及物动词后跟两个,(,或两个以上,),宾语从句时只有第一个连词,that,可以省略。如：,He,said(that)the,text was important and that we should recite it.(,第二个,that,不能省略,),规则,2,：某些表语形容词,(,如,sure,certain,glad,surprised),之后也可带宾语从句。如：,He was afraid that someone might find him.,专题,11,考点归纳,规则,3,：,whether,与,if,都可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可以互换。但以下几种情况只能用,whether,：,(1),作介词宾语时，连接词一般用,whether,。如：,It all depends on whether they will come back.,(2),后面直接跟,or not,时，用,whether,。如：,I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.,专题,11,考点归纳,(3),主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，只能用,whether,。如：,Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.,(4)whether,可与动词不定式连用，但,if,不能。如：,I have not decided whether to go or not.,(5)whether,可引导一个让步状语从句，表示“不管，无论”，而,if,不能。如：,Whether he comes or not,we will begin,our party on time.,专题,11,考点归纳,规则,4,：若主句的主语为第一人称单数，谓语动词为,think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine,等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语前，从句谓语用肯定式。如：,I dont think this dress fits you well.,我认为这裙子不是很合你的身。,专题,11,考点归纳,规则,5,：几类,it,作形式宾语的句型：,(1),主语,think/consider/find/feel/make,it,adj./n.,that,从句。如：,I really find it a pity that you didnt come to the party.,(2),主语,hate/dislike/love/like,it,when,从句表示对某一情况的喜好或厌恶。如：,I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.,(3),主语,appreciate,it,if,从句。如：,I really appreciate it if you could help me with my math.,(4),主语,see to it,that,从句,(,确保,),。如：,You must see to it that the doors are locked before you leave the lab.,(5),主语,rely on/depend on it,that,从句。如：,You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.,专题,11,考点归纳,规则,3,：,where,可表示抽象意义，“,的地方，,点”。如：,You are saying everyone should be equal and this is where I disagree.,Thats where you are mistaken.,专题,11,考点归纳,2,who,与,whoever,【,误,】Who is the first to come will get a gift.,【,正,】Whoever is the first to come will get a gift.,【,正,】Anyone who is the first to come will get a gift.,解析,whoever,引导名词性从句，意为“无论谁”，相当于,anyone who,；而,who,意为“谁”。,专题,11,反面解读,4,whoever,与,whomever,【,误,】Please give the book to whomever needs it most.,【,正,】Please give the book to whoever needs it most.,解析,此处，,whoever,在从句中作主语，因此不能用,whomever,。名词性从句引导词的选择要注意其意义及它在从句中所作的成分。,专题,11,反面解读,7,名词性从句的语序,【,误,】So now you know what should you do.,【,正,】So now you know what you should do.,解析,名词性从句应用陈述语序。,8,【,误,】Theres a fact that English is being accepted as an important language.,【,正,】Its a fact that English is being accepted as an important language.,解析,It is a fact that,句型中，,it,为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的,that,从句。,it,不能换成,there,。,B,A,B,Exercises,1._made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities.,A What/because B What/that,C That/what D That/because,2._she could not understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.,A What/why B That/what,C What/because D Why/that,3.,He is absent from school.It is _ he is seriously ill.,A.why B.because C.that D.the reason,4._has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.,A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever,5.Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.,A that B how C where D what,D,A,6._ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize,in the match.,A.There,that B.It,that,C.There,whether D.It,which,A,7.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.,-Is that _you had a few days off?,A why B when C what D where,8.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?,-Oh,thats _.,A what makes me feel excited,B whatever I feel excited about,C how I feel about it,D when I feel excited,A,A,9._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.,A What B That C This D Which,10.When you answer questions in a job interview,please remember the golden rule:Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants.,A what B which C when D that,11.We made the suggestion that he _ his work.,A continues B continue,C continued D had continued,B,A,B,12.There will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here.,A.who B.whom C.whoever D.Whomever,13.Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.,why B.what C.who D.that,14.The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get.,A.whichever B.however C.whatever D.whenever,15.Many newspaper printed the governors statement,_ would support a tax cut.,A.and he B.was that he C which he D that he,16.man must fear when traveling in space is,radiation from the sun.,A.Which B.How C.What D.That,17.It is generally considered unwise to give a child,_ he or she wants.,A.However B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever,1.Can you make sure _ the gold rings?,A.where she had put B.where had she put,C.where she has put D.where has she put,2.The reason that has been such a success _,he never gives up.,A.is B.is because C.is that D.is what,3._ breaks the law should be punished.,A.Whoever B.No matter who C.anyone.D.who,4.That is _ I had to take the risk of being washed away.,A.why B.reason why C.how D.what,5.Do _ you think is right _ difficulties you may have.,A.what;however B.that;whatever,C.whatever;whoever D.what;whatever,6.The workers considered it important _ the boss would agree to give them a rise.,A.whether B.how C.where D.which,7,.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.,A.which B.that C.what D.whether,8.You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is _ I disagree.,A.why B.where C.what D.how,9.Difficulty lies _ we have no money.,A.that B.in that C.in the fact D.in the fact that,10.I dont think the question of _ they are old or young is important.,A.which B.whether C.how D.why,11.It makes no difference _ you will go today,or tomorrow.,A.if B.whether C.that D.what,12._ should be sent to work there?,A.Who do you suggest,B.Who do you suggest that should,C.Do you suggest who should,D.Do you suggest whom should,13.The news _ Lincoln was murdered filled the American peoples hearts with deep sorrow.,A.which B.when C.that D.how,14._ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present.,A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter,15.I dont trust his promise _ he will buy me a new car.,A.which B.what C.when D.that,16.She received the message _ he would come by plane.,A.that B.which C.what D.when,17.Energy is _ makes things work.,A.what B.something C.anything D.that,18.Our city has changed a lot,and now it is quite different from _ a few years ago.,A.what it used to be B.that it used to be,C.which it used to be D.what was it,19.We all know the truth _ there are air,water and sunlight,there are living things.,A.wherever B.where C.that D.that wherever,20.The true value of life is not in _,but_.,A.how you get;that you give,B.which you get;what you give,C.what you get;what you give,D.what do you get;what do you give,21._ is a fact that English is being accepted as,an international language.,A.There B.This C.That D.It,