中考英语复习-题型三-阅读理解.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,题型三,阅读理解,类型,1,判断正误型,甘肃近,3,年中考会涉及判断正误型阅读，文体以说明文和记叙文为主，偶尔涉及应用文。考查方式以细节理解为主，推理判断为辅。,类型,2,情景对话,判断正误型阅读需注意把握短文细节内容。一般来讲，每个小题都会与文中某一句话或某一部分相对应，少数综合类需要从语篇整体着手。所以，我们应对比题干与文中对应，仔细琢磨作出判断。可从以下三个方面着手：,1.,学生在解答此类试题之前，可先浏览短文后的题干陈述，这样可以使阅读具有明确的目的性，也便于留意文中所出现的与答题相关的信息；,2.,阅读全文，找出关键词语，利用关键词语确定答案位置，严格按照文章意思理解和推断。在对每一小题进行判断时，一定要从短文中的具体段落和关键信息句中找到答案的依据，然后进行认真比较、分析与甄别，找出题干陈述与原文语句的不同之处。只有确定完全符合原文的意思才可以判定为正确。而那些基本含义相似，却仍有某一点不符的陈述应判定为错误；,技巧点拨,Once upon a time,there lived a teacher in a small town.He often taught his students in special ways.Once he sent four of his students to go to a small farm to see apple trees in different seasons.The first student went in winter,the second in spring,the third in summer,and the last in autumn.,After the four students came back,the teacher called them together.They pictured(,描述,)their feelings to the teacher.The first student said that there were no leaves on the trees.It made him very disappointed.The second student said his eyes were full of light green.It made him feel hopeful.The third one disagreed.“What are you talking about?How pretty the trees were!The sweet smell of the beautiful flowers spread(,传播,)here and there.”The last one shook his head.He only saw a lot of apples on the beautiful trees.,现学现用,3.,部分判断正误题可能为概括性的陈述，这就要求学生通读全文，把握全文大意，捕捉内容要点，掌握文章主旨和作者意图，对全文有一个全局性的了解，这样可以避免判断时的盲目性，提高答题的正确率。,阅读短文，根据其内容判断文后各个小题正、误。正确的选,A,，错误的选,B,。,1.Four students were sent to see apples in different seasons.,2.The first student left for the small farm in winter.,3.The last student saw the beautiful trees with many apples.,4.The teacher thought his four students were completely wrong.,5.The passage mainly tells us that we should judge things by only one side.,The teacher smiled and told his students none of them were wrong.They each just saw one season.He continued,“The trees are not the same in different seasons.You cant judge(,判断,)a tree by only one season.Dont let the regret of one season destroy the beauty of the rest.”,Everything has different sides in our life.Dont hurry to make a conclusion(,结论,)before seeing the whole of it.,类型,2,选择型,甘肃近,3,年中考对选择型阅读理解的考查，有以下特点：,1.,文体：记叙文、说明文和应用文为主，也涉及议论文及诗歌等；,2.,话题：故事类,(,人物故事、教育故事、情感故事和哲理故事,),、科普知识与现代科技、事物介绍、文化风俗、日常生活类,(,校园生活、语言学习、饮食健康等,),、咨询建议及热点话题等。,3.,考查方式：以细节理解为主，同时也会涉及推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题及数字计算题等。,技巧点拨,细节理解类,此命题角度最常见，也最为简单。答案一般都可以直接在原文中找到。做此类题要把握以下几个原则：,1.,以原文为依据，不要用自己的主观看法解题；,2.,不选对的，只选适合本篇文章的；,3.,注意含绝对化词语的选项；,4.,文章中没有提及的信息，不要随意猜测，一切以文章内容为准。,推理判断类,此类试题要求考生根据文中某些词、句子或段落进行推理或根据句子的语气、文章论调和倾向进行推断：,1.,要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，忠实于原文，由已知推及未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。,2.,吃透文章字面意思的基础上，再从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索。,3.,了解文章的体裁、题材和文章的主要基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意，要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构等。,词义猜测类,此类试题主要涉及生词释义，要求考生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义。考查形式为英语,(,含单词与短语,),汉语。解答此类试题可参考以下方法：,1.,同义法 阅读过程中，通常会发现在生词的前面或后面会有同义词或同义表达，学生可以利用前后文中的同义词或同义表达推测生词的意思。,2.,反义法 在阅读过程中，如有表示转折的词,but,though,while,however,等和表示对比关系的词或表达,unlike,different from,on the contrary,等出现，那就表明这些词语的前后是两个完全相反的概念。,3.,逻辑法 逻辑法是利用句子间的类比、因果、递进等逻辑关系推测生词含义的方法。表示类比的词或表达有,similarly,in the same way,等；表示因果关系的词或表达有,as a result,therefore,because,due to,in order to,等；表示递进关系的词或表达有,and then,even,in fact,等。,4.,常识法 常识法是利用科普知识和生活常识推测生词含义的方法。,5.,代入法 将备选项一一代入文中，哪一项使句子与原文内容完全符合则为正确答案。,主旨大意类,做这类题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，如涉及文章的主题,(main idea),、目的,(purpose),、结论,(conclusion),、结局,(ending),等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学知识进行逻辑推理、判断，从而获取文章中的内在信息。,标题归纳类,1.,考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面的程度，即标题要覆盖全文内容；,2.,考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性要强；,3.,注意标题的醒目性，即简洁、突出、新颖。,现学现用,A poor boy lived in a small town.He sold goods from door to door to pay for school.One day,he only had one cent left,and he was hungry.He decided that he would ask for a meal at the next house.However,when a young woman opened the door,the boy was shy,so he just asked for some water.The woman knew he was hungry,so she brought him a large glass of milk.He drank it slowly,and then asked,“How much should I pay for it?”“You wont pay for it.My mother has told me that it is good to help the people who are in trouble.”she replied.The boy said,“Then I thank you from my heart.”As the boy left that house,he felt stronger.He knew he had many things to do.,Many years later,the young woman became ill.The local doctors couldnt save her.People had to send her to a hospital in a big city.When the doctor knew who the woman was,he was excited and tried his best to save her life.He succeeded.The woman needed to pay for the medical bill.The doctor learned that she couldnt afford it.So he wrote something down on the medical bill.The woman read the bill,“You have paid it with a glass of milk.”,1,.The poor boy sold goods door to door because_.,A.he had no money left,B.he needed money to buy some food,C.he wanted to raise money for Project Hope,D.he had to make money for his school,2.Why was the young woman sent to a hospital in a big city?,A.Because she was seriously ill.,B.Because she had lots of money.,C.Because she wanted to visit the doctor.,D.Because she knew the poor boy worked there.,3.From the passage we can know the doctor(the poor boy),_,.,A.let the young woman pay the bill,B.was always thankful for the young womans kindness,C.didnt remember the young woman,D.failed to save the young womans life,4.Which of the following sentences is true?,A.The young woman had a bad mother.,B.The poor boy asked for some money.,C.The young woman and her mother were both kind to others.,D.The poor boy became a famous engineer when he grew up.,5.Whats the best title(,标题,)for the article?,A.A Kind Mother,B.A Lovely Young Woman,C.A Poor Boy,D.A Glass of Milk,【主 旨 大 意】本 文 是 一 篇 记 叙 文。讲 述 了 一 位 老 师 让 四,个 学 生 在 不 同 的 季 节 去 小 农 场 观 察 苹 果 树，结 果 学 生 只,是 凭 借 他 们 所 看 到 的 景 象 对 苹 果 树 进 行 认 知。文 章 告 诉,我 们，生 活 中 的 万 物 有 不 同 的 侧 面，没 有 看 到 全 部 之 前 不,要 急 于 下 结 论。,1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.B,