反身代词用法汇总.pdf

反身代词构成固定搭配大全反身代词构成固定搭配大全反身代词是指 myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,themselves,oneself。通常有强调性用法和非强调性用法。用法：用法：一、反身代词的基本形式反身代词是 oneself 根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有 myself,himself,herself,yourself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves 等形式。二、oneself 与 himself当 one 指人时，其相应的反身代词通常用 oneself,在美国英语中也可用 himself：One should not praise oneself himself.一个人不应该自吹自擂。三、反身代词的句法功能：1.用作同位语同位语(加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后,或句末)：The box itself is not so heavy.箱子本身并不重。Mrs.Black herself is a lawyer.布莱克太太本人就是一名律师。You had better ask the driver himself.你最好问司机本人。Martin himself attended the sick man.马丁亲自照顾病人。Dont trouble to come over yourself.你不必费神亲自来了。You yourself said so./You said so yourself.你自己是这样说的。Never leave to others what you ought to do yourself.不要把自己该做的事留给别人做。2.用作宾语宾语(动词或介词的宾语)：Take good care of yourself.好好照顾你自己。He has a right to decide for himself.他有权为自己做出决定。He made no complaint for himself.他没为自己抱怨什么。The child can dress himself.这孩子能自己穿衣服了。She finally gained control of herself.最后她控制住了自己。She could not make herself understood.她不能使别人听懂她的话。Everybody here has the influenza including myself.包括我在内所有人都患上流感。The child cried himself to sleep.孩子哭着哭着睡着了。She convinced herself that it was so.她说服自己情况是这样的。He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself.他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。3.用作表语表语The poor boy was myself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。Just be yourself.做你自己就好了。Mary hasnt quite been herself recently.玛丽近来感到不适。The ones who really want it are ourselves.真正想要它的是我们自己。【说明】有时用于 be,feel,seem,look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态：Im not quite myself these days.我近来身体不大舒服。Ill be myself again in no time.我过一会儿就会好的。4.用作主语。在现代英语中，反身代词一般不能独立用作主语，但是它却可以借助 and,or,nor 等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语(且位于并列主语的后部)，以及用于某些特殊结构(如 as.as 等)：My brother and myself went there yesterday.昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那儿。Jims sister and himself get up at six every day.吉姆的妹妹和他每天 6 点起床。He was as anxious as myself.他和我一样担心。注意：注意：反身代词不能做主语主语，但可作主语主语同位语，放在主语后主语后或句末句末。如：我自己去了电影院。错：错：Myself went to the cinema.对：对：I went to the cinema myself.反身代词可以作宾语的同位语You can go and ask John himself.翻译：你可以去问约翰本人。反身代词可以作介词的宾语。by oneself 全靠自己；say to oneself 自言自语。She learnt swimming all by herself.她是自学游泳的。She said to herself,Who am I?她自言自语的说：“我是谁？”反身代词作动词的宾语enjoy oneself 玩得高兴；help oneself(to)随便用；hurt oneself 伤害自己；teach oneself 自学；get dressed oneself 自己穿衣seat oneself 就坐一一.强调性用法强调性用法:1.反身代词用于反身代词用于强调时强调时经常作经常作主语主语或或宾语宾语的的同位语同位语,一般置于所一般置于所强调的词的后面强调的词的后面;但如果不影响理解但如果不影响理解,作同位语的反身代词其位置作同位语的反身代词其位置比较灵活。比较灵活。2.反身代词用于强调时要反身代词用于强调时要重读重读。例:The manager himself served the customers.The manager served the customers himself.经理亲自为顾客服务。I told them I wanted to see the manager himself.我告诉他们我要见经理本人。3.在在 but,except,like,as，for 等词之后等词之后,或作对比时或作对比时,宾格宾格和和反身反身代词代词都可以用都可以用,但后者的语气更强。但后者的语气更强。例:For my wife and me/myself it was a most enjoyable weekend.对于我妻子和我(本人)来说,这是一个非常快乐的周末。She is about the same age as you/yourself.她的年龄和你(本人)差不多。4.反身代词作反身代词作介词宾语介词宾语或或动词宾语动词宾语时，有时也可起强调作用。时，有时也可起强调作用。例:He has been living by himself since his parents died.他父母死后,他就一直一个人生活。(by himself=alone)This matter is between ourselves(without anyone else knowing)She finished the job by herself.她独自完成了这项工作。(by herself=without help)5.反身代词作反身代词作表语表语时也可表示特殊意义。时也可表示特殊意义。例:I am not quite myself today.今天我身体不舒服。(=I am not feeling so well as I usually do）2.非强调性用法非强调性用法1.反身代词作反身代词作动词宾语动词宾语时常常是非强调性的。有些时常常是非强调性的。有些动词与反身动词与反身代词代词成为成为固定搭配固定搭配,请注意请注意,汉译时汉译时“自己自己”多不译出。多不译出。例:（1）behave oneself 有礼貌有礼貌;规矩：规矩：He behaves himself well.他为人很好。Behave yourself while I am away.我不在,你要规矩点。（2）enjoy oneself 过得快活：过得快活：We all enjoyed ourselves in the party.我们在聚会上都玩得很痛快。（3）express oneself 表达自己的意思表达自己的意思Can you express yourself in English?你能用英语表达思想吗?He expressed himself satisfied.他表示满意。（4）present oneself 到场；到场；present itself 出现出现He presented himself for a checkup at the hospital.他到医院接受体格检查。When the cave door was unlocked,a sorrowful sight presented itself。山洞门一打开,就出现了一幅悲惨的景象。（5）reveal itself 出现出现Gradually sounds multiplied and life revealed itself.声音渐渐多起来,生活又开始了。（6）collect oneself 清醒过来清醒过来,镇定下来镇定下来I accepted the offer before I was able to collect myself.我还没来得及考虑一下,就接受了帮助。（7）help oneself 自用，自取所需自用，自取所需Please help yourself to enjoy the food.请随便吃。2.有时有时“动词动词+反身代词反身代词”之后之后,还需要一定的还需要一定的+介词介词，构成固定，构成固定搭配。搭配。例:（8）busy oneself with 忙于忙于He busied himself with numerous tasks around the house.他忙于家里的许多事情。（9）avail oneself of 利用利用We availed ourselves of every chance to speak English.我们利用每个机会讲英语。（10）address oneself to专心于专心于(工作工作)They address themselves to the main difficulties.他们专心致志解决主要困难。（11）devote oneself to 致力于致力于;献身于献身于We are determined to devote ourselves to the cause of education.我们决心为教育事业献身。3.有些有些动词接反身代词动词接反身代词后再接后再接+that 从句从句:（12）assure oneself that.确信确信Before going to bed,she assure herself that the door was locked.她确信门已锁好才去睡觉。（13）flatter oneself that.自以为自以为He flattered himself that he would win the first prize.她自以为会获得第一名。三区别三区别 by onself；of oneself；for oneself；to oneself。1.By oneself单独地，独自地单独地，独自地1)They made the model machines all by themselves.2)You can complete the task by yourself.2.Of oneself自行地自行地1)The fire died of itself.2)The baby woke up of himself all of a sudden.3.For oneself亲自，为自己亲自，为自己 1)Do you have anying to say for yourself?2)One cannot do such a thing for oneself.4.To oneself含有含有“暗自（在心中）的意思暗自（在心中）的意思，常与动词，常与动词 think,say,talk,tell等连用。等连用。1)The boy said to himself.I must study hard.2)This dictionary is used to himself.根据以上例句，我们可以看出：by oneself 主要含义为独自，自个儿、亲自，没有别人帮助，相当于 alone;of oneself 是指不受外界事物干涉而自行完成的动作，常用在不及物动词之后；for oneself 一般表示“为自己”的意思；to oneself 则强度调“供某人独自用”和“暗自”的含义。英语中反身代词与不同的介词搭配，可构成意义不同的习惯用语，学习者对如何选用这些习语感到困难。其实，这些习惯用语的意义往往与介词的意义有联系，一旦见多了，对每个习语所表达的意思和所使用的语境便熟悉了，用起来就不会感到困难。现将这类习惯用语分述如下：1.（all）by oneself单独地，独自地“靠自己地”（alone or independently）。1)They made the model machines all by themselves.2)You can complete the task by yourself.3）She did it all by herself.这件事是她独立完成的。4）The little girl wrote the letter all by herself.那封信是小女孩独自写成的。5）She likes to take a walk by herself.她喜欢独自散步。6）The house stands all by itself on the hill.那所房子孤零零地耸立在山顶上。7）His father lives by himself in the village他的父亲独自一个人住在村里。8）All his friends have deserted him and he is all by himself now他所有的朋友都离弃他，现在他孤独一人。（by oneself 主要含义为独自儿、亲自，没有别人帮助，相当于 alone;of oneself 是指不受外界事物干涉而自行完成的动作，常用在不及物动词之后）2.of oneself自行地 自发，自动，自然而然，“自然地”、“自发地”、“自动地”（of ones own accord）。1)The fire died of itself.2)The baby woke up of himself all of a sudden.3）You need not call him;he will wake up of himself,他不必叫他，他自己会醒的。4）The enemy will not perish of himself.敌人不会自行消灭。5）The fire went out of itself.火是自己熄灭的。6）Every day I awake of myself at half past five每天早上我都是五点半就自己醒来。7）The door opened of itself门是自己开的。8）The fire went out of itself火自己熄灭了。3.for oneself 亲自，为自己，代表自己；独自地 1)Do you have anying to say for yourself?2)One cannot do such a thing for oneself.3）He kept the book for himself.他把这本书留给自己用。4）I have something to say for myself.我有要辩白的话。5）He is old enough to do it for himself.他年龄够大了，可以独自做这件事了。6）One cant do such a thing for oneself.这样的事情独自一个人是做不成的。7）One should not live only for oneself人不应单为自己而活。（for oneself 一般表示“为自己”的意思）4.to oneself 含有“暗自（在心中）的意思，常与动词 think,say,talk,tell 等连用。1)The boy said to himself.I must study hard.2)This dictionary is used to himself.3）He has a room to himself.他独住一间房。4）We had the whole compartment to ourselves.这个车箱就只有我们几个人。5）I began to say to myself,What about becoming an actor?我开始暗自思量，“去当演员好不好？”6）He appeared to be talking to himself.他似乎在自言自语。7）When one dines in a restaurant，one likes a table to oneself人们在饭店吃饭时，总是喜欢独占一桌。（to oneself 则强度调“供某人独自用”和“暗自”的含义）三、其它介词与反身代词1.beside oneself“失常”、“发狂”。例：He was beside himself with joy他欣喜若狂。2.among themselves(ourselves,yourselves)一起,共同之间They were arguing among themeselves.他们在一起争论 3.beside oneself(with.).得要命,失常,发狂.On hearing the good news,he was beside himself with joy.一听到这个好消息,他简直欣喜若狂.4.between ourselves(=between you and me;between you,me and the gatepost)私下谈;不和外人谈 This matter is between ourselves.这件事别对外人讲.5.in oneself 本质,本身 实际上,就其本质而言1）The book is really a small library in itself.那部书本身是个小图书馆。2）He told us not to lose faith in ourselves.他告诉我们不要失去自信心。3）Water is colourless in itself.水本质是无色的.6.in spite of oneself 不由自主地 I laugh in spite of myself.我不由自主的笑起来.by oneself，for oneself，in oneself，of oneself这四个词组的意义有所不同。By oneself 的意思是“单独地”、“靠自己地”（alone or independently）。例：His father lives by himself in the village他的父亲独自一个人住在村里。All his friends have deserted him and he is all by himself now.他所有的朋友都离弃他，现在他孤独一人。For oneself 的意义为“为自己”（for himself or for herself）。例：One should not live only for oneself人不应单为自己而活。7.In oneself 的意思是“就其本身或本性而言”。例：This wood is hard in itself这种木头本要就是硬的。Of oneself 的意思是“自然地”、“自发地”、“自动地”（of ones own accord）。例：Every day I awake of myself at half past five每天早上我都是五点半就自己醒来。The door opened of itself门是自己开的。The fire went out of itself火自己熄灭了。与上列四个短语相类似的还有两个词组，即 beside oneself和 to oneself，前者义：“失常”、“发狂”；后者是“独自占有或享用”。例：He was beside himself with joy他欣喜若狂。When one dines in a restaurant，one likes a table to oneself人们在饭店吃饭时，总是喜欢独占一桌。Oneself 和 ones self 的区别也是值得我们注意的。Oneself 是反身强调代词，意指自己；ones self 则是代词加名词，意指个人的本性。例：She made a cup of tea for herself她为自己烧了一杯茶。She looked just like her old self她看上去和从前依然一模一样。请注意，myself 可以在句中表示 me 的涵义，这是其他反身代词所没有的特性。例：They invited my father and myself（=me）to their party他们邀请我父亲和我参加他们的聚会。He saw neither myself nor Mary in the street在马路上他既没有看见我，也没有看见玛丽。