中考英语-第二部分-教材研析篇-第十三讲讲义.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,一、重点单词,1._,n,.,硬币,2.,v,.,生产、制造,(,n,.),3.,adj,.,可以移动的,4._,n,.,棉花,5._,v,.,避免、回避,6._,n,.,老板、上司,7.,v,.,完成,注：用,“,”,标识的为高频词汇,coin,produce,production,mobile,cotton,avoid,boss,complete,8._,adj,.,每日的、日常的,9._,adv,.,几乎、差不多,10._,n,.,样式、款式,11._,adj,.,低的、矮的,12._,v,.,锁住、上锁,13._,n,.,英雄,_(,pl,.),14._,v,.,分开,15._,n,.,叶、叶子,_(,pl,.),注：用,“,”,标识的为高频词汇,daily,nearly,style,low,lock,hero,heroes,divide,leaf,leaves,二、重点短语,1.by,偶然地、意外地,2.take _,发生,3.without _,毫无疑问,4.fall _,落入,5.all of a,突然、猛地,6.think _,考虑、想起,7.be _ for,被用来做,注：用,“,”,标识的为高频词汇,accident,place,doubt,into,sudden,over,used,8.be,for,因,而著名,9.at a very high _,以很高的热度,10.in,遇到麻烦,11._ matter,无论、不论,12.be _ of/from,由,制成,13._ hand,用手,14._ accident,交通事故,注：用,“,”,标识的为高频词汇,famous,heat,trouble,no,made,by,traffic,三、重点句型,1.Sth.be made of/from.,某物由,制成,2.It seems,that clause(,从句,).,看起来好像,3.Sb.find/believe it,adj,.,that clause.,某人发现,/,相信,怎么样。,4.When was/were,sth,.invented,？,某物是什么时候发明的？,5.Who was/were,sth,.invented by,？,某物是谁发明的？,6.What was/were,sth,.used for,？,某物被用来做什么？,7.It takes sb.some time to do,sth,.,某人花费一段时间去做某事。,四、交际用语,Talk about what products are made of and where they were made,(,谈论产品的制作材料和产地,),What are the shirts made of?,Theyre made of cotton.,Where is tea produced in China?,Well,in many different areas.,Talk about the history of inventions,(,谈论发明物的历史,),When was the telephone invented?,I think it was invented in 1876.,五、重点语法,1.,一般现在时的被动语态,2.,一般过去时的被动语态,Where is tea,produced,in China?,茶产于中国哪些地方？,(,P 34,),【,解析,】,动词,produce,的用法：,produce,常用作及物动词，意为,“,生产、制造,”,，多接物作宾语。如：,How do they decide what to produce within their factory?,他们如何决策工厂生产什么产品？,The robots produce goods such as drugs,clothes,furniture,etc.,机器人生产像药品、衣服、家具之类的产品。,【,用法拓展,】produce,的名词形式是,product,，意为,“,产品、结果,”,，为可数名词。如：,All the exhibits for sale here are new products.,这里展销的尽是新产品。,What product should I start with?,我应该从什么产品开始？,It seems that,many people all over the world drink Chinese tea.,似乎全世界许多人喝中国茶。,(,P 34,),【,解析,】,句型,It seems that.,的用法：,句型,It seems that.,实质上是,“,主系表,”,结构。其中,it,是人称代词，并无实意，指的是某种情况，,seems,为系动词，,that,引导表语从句。该句型可以转换成,“,名词或代词,seem,动词不定式,”,结构，其意不变；如果动词不定式为,“to be,形容词,”,时，,to be,往往省略。如：,It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park.,(,No one seems to know what has happened in the park.),似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事。,It seems to me that he has known everything.,(,He seems to have known everything.),在我看来他似乎什么事都知道了。,It seems that she is happy.(,She seems to be happy.),她似乎很高兴。,He realized that Americans can hardly,avoid,buying products made in China.,他意识到,，,美国人很难避免购买中国制造的产品。,(,P 35,),【,解析,】avoid,的用法：,avoid,通常用作及物动词，其后多接物或,v,.,ing,形式作宾语。如：,What should you avoid?,您应该避免什么？,This is what you want to avoid doing at all costs.,这是你无论如何也要避免的。,【,用法拓展,】,需要注意的是，该词后接其他动词时，其他动词需用,v,.,ing,形式。类似用法的常见动词还有：,finish/enjoy/practice/mind/keep,等。如：,Could you help me with my homework after I finish doing the dishes,？我洗完盘子你能辅导我做作业吗？,The boys practice playing football every afternoon.,男孩子们每天下午练习踢足球。,No matter,what you may buy,you might think those products were made in those countries.,不管你买的是什么,，,你可能认为它们那是在那些国家制造的。,(,P 35,),【,解析,】no matter,的用法：,no matter,意为,“,不管、无论,”,，,“no matter,what/who/which”,可以引导让步状语从句和名词性从句,(,主语从句、宾语从句,),。引导让步状语从句时，,“no matter,what/who/which”,分别等于,“whatever/whoever/whichever”,。如：,No matter what happened,he wouldnt say a word.,Whatever happened,he wouldnt say a word.,无论发生什么，他都一言不发。,No matter what you do,you should do it well.,无论你做什么，都要把它做好。,However,you,could be wrong.,然而,，,也许你错了。,(,P 35,),【,解析,】however,的用法：,however,是个高频词汇，应着重了解两大用法：,(1)however,作,“,但是、不过,”,解，表示转折。如：,Id like to go with you,however,my hands are full.,我想和你一块儿去，可是我忙不过来。,I did not expect you,however,I am very pleased to see you.,没有想到你会来，但我还是很高兴见到你。,(2)however,作,“,不管,如何、无论怎样,”,解，常用来引导让步状语从句，其结构为,“however,形容词,/,副词主语谓语,”,。这样用的,however,其实具有连词的功能，用以引导让步状语从句，相当于,no matter how,。如：,However cold it is,she always goes swimming.,不管天气多冷，她总是去游泳。,However much(,No matter how much)he eats,he never gets fat.,不管他吃多少，他永远吃不胖。,【,温馨提示,】,有时候，,however,表示惊奇或强调，相当于,how ever,的用法，其意为,“,究竟怎样、到底以什么方式,”,。如：,However did you get here without a car?,没有汽车你究竟是怎样来的呢？,【,辨析,】however,与,but,二者都可以表示,“,但是,”,，含有转折，区别如下：,词条,用法,例句,however,副词，语气较弱；位于分句之首、之中或之尾皆可，但需用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。,On this question,however,I will make no concession.,但是，关于这个问题，我决不会让步。,but,连词，语气较强；总是位于它所引出的分句之首。,It isnt cheap,but its very good.,诚然它并不便宜，但质量非常好。,Kang,Jian,thinks its great that China is so good at making these,everyday,things.,康建认为中国非常擅长做这些日常用品,，,这是伟大的事情。,(,P 35,),【,解析,】,单词,everyday,的用法：,everyday,常用作形容词，意为,“,每天的、日常的,”,，相当于,daily,，多用作定语。如：,Can you tell me something about your everyday activities,？,请跟我讲讲你们的日常娱乐活动好吗？,【,辨析,】everyday,与,every day,二者形式容易混淆，具体用法见下表：,词条,用法,例句,everyday,形容词，意为,“,每天的、日常的,”,，常用作定语修饰名词。,You can find happiness from the smallest everyday things.,你可以从日常生活中发现幸福。,every day,副词短语，意为,“,每天,”,，常用作状语修饰动词。,He works every day except Sunday.,除星期天外，他每天都工作。,What,were,sky lanterns,used for,before and what,are,they,used for,now,？,过去孔明灯是用来做什么的而现在又是用来做什么的？,(,P 39,),【,解析,】,短语,be used for,的用法：,短语,be used for,意为,“,被用来,”,，其中,for,为介词，表示用途，其后接名词、,v,.,ing,形式作宾语。如：,Hey,kid!Do you know what this is used for?,嘿，孩子！你知道这个是做什么用的么？,Paper is used for writing on.,纸是用来往上写字的。,【,辨析,】used to do,sth,.,，,be used to doing,sth,.,，,be used to do,sth,.,与,be used as.,这组词极易混淆，现辨析如下：,词条,用法,例句,used to do,sth,.,意为,“,过去常常做某事,”,，,used to,可看作半助动词或情态动词，其后跟动词原形，表示过去的习惯、经常发生的动作或状态。,He used to be a teacher in our school.,他曾经是我们学校的一位老师。,There used to be an old temple near the village.,过去村子的附近有一座古庙。,be used to doing,sth,.,意为,“,习惯于做某事,”,，其中,to,是介词，后接名词或动名词。,I am not used to my new job.,我不习惯我的新工作。,Is she used to walking after supper?,她习惯晚饭后散步吗？,be used to do,sth,.,意为,“,被用来做某事,”,，与短语,be used for doing,sth,.,同义，只是,used,后的结构不同。,This computer is used to control(,is used for controlling)all the machines.,这台电脑是用来控制所有机器的。,be used as.,意为,“,被用作,”,，介词,as,意为,“,作为,”,，后常接表示用途类的名词。,The computer can be used as a tool.,计算机可以被当作工具用。,English is used as a foreign language in China.,在中国，英语被用作一门外语。,【,温馨提示,】,be used to doing,sth,.,有时可与,get used to doing,sth,.,互换，意为,“,渐渐习惯于,”,。如：,Youll get used to your new job.,你很快就会习惯新工作的。,You must get used to getting up early.,你必须习惯于起早。,be used by.,是,“,被,(,某人,),使用,”,的意思，,by,后接动词,“use”,的执行者。如：,The recorder is used in class by teachers.,录音机被老师们上课时使用。,Well,you,do,seem to have a point.,嗯,，,看来你说的确实有点道理,(,P42,),【,解析,】,助动词,do,的用法：,助动词,do,does,did,通常用于疑问句和否定句中，但有时也可用于肯定句或祈使句中，起强调作用，意为,“,确实、的确、真的,”,。如：,He does speak well.,他的确讲得很好。,Please do be quiet for a moment!,请务必安静一会儿！,【,温馨提示,】,do,用于表示强调时，仅限于一般现在时与一般过去时中。,My,pleasure!,Let me think.,我很乐意！让我想想,(,P 42,),【,解析,】,名词,pleasure,的用法：,pleasure,意为,“,高兴、愉快,”,，应把握其可数与不可数用法：,(1)pleasure,表示抽象意义的,“,满足、高兴、快乐,”,时，作不可数名词用。如：,It gives me much pleasure to be with you.,跟你在一起使我很高兴。,(2),当,pleasure,具体化，表示,“,快乐的事、乐趣,”,时，作可数名词用。如：,The work is a pleasure to me.,干这工作对我是件乐事。,He had many pleasures while he was living there.,他在那儿生活时有很多乐趣。,【,用法拓展,】,With pleasure.,意为,“,愉快地、高兴地；好的、可以、非常乐意,”,。作简略答语时，相当于,OK/All right/Sure,等。如：,Would you like to help me with my English?,你愿意帮我学英语吗？,With pleasure.,好的,/,非常乐意。,Its a pleasure.,的用法：,a.,与,Im pleased to help you.,同义，意为,“,愿为你效劳、这是件愉快的事,”,，用来表示愿意为某人做某事。如：,Will you please help me take the books to the classroom?,请你帮我把这些书带到教室里去好吗？,Its a pleasure.,愿为你效劳。,b.,用于对别人的感谢所作出的反应或应答，也可说成,Its my pleasure./A pleasure./My pleasure.,。在此情况下，,Its a pleasure.,与,Thats all right./Thats OK./Not at all./Youre welcome./Dont mention it.,等同义，意为,“,别客气、不用谢、没什么,”,。如：,Thank you for giving me so much help.,谢谢你给了我这么多的帮助。,Its a pleasure.,别客气,/,没什么,/,不用谢。,【,辨析,】pleasure,，,pleasant,与,pleased,这三个词词性不同，用法也不一样：,词条,词性,含义,修饰,例句,pleasure,名词,高兴、,乐趣,/,I get much pleasure from it.,我从中得到许多乐趣。,I think one of the greatest human pleasures is eating.,我想人最大的乐趣之一就是吃。,pleasant,形容,词,令人,愉快的,物,They often remember the pleasant days they had with you.,他们时常想起与你共度的愉快时光。,pleased,形容,词,感到,高兴的,人,I am pleased with only one boy,namely,George.,我只对一个男孩满意，那就是乔治。,It is believed that,tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.,人们认为,，,茶在六至七世纪传到了朝鲜和日本。,(,P43,),【,解析,】,句型,It is believed that.,的用法：,该句型相当于,People believe that.,。其中,it,为形式主语，,that,从句为真正的主语。,that,后面接一个从句，,that,也可省略。如：,It is believed that there is life in outer space.,People believe that there is life in outer space.,人们相信外太空还存在着生命。,【,用法拓展,】,类似的句型还有：,It is said that ,据说,It is supposed that ,据猜测,It is reported that ,据报道,It is known that ,众所周知,.,单项选择,(,)1.Serious problems and shocking events have become,_ news around the world!,A.one day B.some day C.everyday D.every day,(,)2.Many companies are spending a lot of money on ads,when they_ a new _.,A.produce;produce B.produce;product,C.do;product D.make;produce,C,B,(,)3.I crossed the street to avoid_ him,but he saw me and,ran towards me yesterday.,A.meet B.meets C.meeting D.met,(,),4.Wherever you go,please _ keep in touch with me.,A.have B.must C.do D.should,C,C,.,用所给单词的适当形式填空。,1.Experts explain how to avoid,(get)sick when,preparing food in spring and summer.,2.This method not only has met the needs of developing new,(produce),but can also saved lots of funds.,3.Not everyone will be,(please)with your plans.,getting,products,pleased,4.The US president accepted the invitation with,(please).,5.Wish you a,(please)travel in China.,6.Friendship is also one of the greatest,(please)that,we can enjoy.,pleasure,pleasant,pleasures,.,用适当的介词填空。,1.The old man and his wife have been used,living a simple life.,2.A burnt stick can be used,a pen.,3.Is this telephone used,the students?,4.Metal is used,making machines.,to,as,by,for,.,同义句转换。,1.He seems to like his new job.,he likes his new job.,2.It is said(that)he is only 13 years old.,(that)he is only 13 years old.,He,to be only 13 years old.,It,seems,that,People,say,is,said,