广东省深圳市中考英语总复习-第十二章-句子的种类.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第十二章 句子的种类,考点一：以,it,作形式主语的句子,考点二：陈述句和疑问句,考点三：感叹句,考点四：祈使句,考点五：倒装句,考点一：以,it,作形式主语的句子,1.,it作形式主语的常用句型,It takes,sb.some,time to do,sth,.,It,s+adj.+to,do,sth,.,It,s+adj.+for,/of,sb.to,do,sth,.,Its no use/no good/worth doing,sth,.,考点一：以,it,作形式主语的句子,1.,it作形式主语的常用句型,如：,It took us nearly a week to get to Xinjiang.,Its important to learn English well.,It is nice of them to invite us.,Its worth reading the book.,考点一：以,it,作形式主语的句子,2.,it代指时间、季节、天气、距离、婴儿、不明身份的人等时，在句中作主语,。,如：It,is almost 8,o,clock.We,must start now.,What is the weather like today?,Its fine.,Who is knocking at the door?,It is me.,考点一：以,it,作形式主语的句子,3.,代词,one,，,it,和,that,的区别,that,代指前面提到的名词,以避免重复,it,特指上下文提到的同一对象，同类同物,one,泛指上下文的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同物,如：,The weather of Beijing is as good as that of Qingdao.,The book is mine.Its very interesting.,Who has a pen?,I have one.,考点二：陈述句和疑问句,1.,陈述句,用于陈述一件事情或表示一种看法,，可分为肯定句和否定句两种形式,。,如：Lily,has already read this new book.,Rose didnt drink any milk this morning.,考点二：陈述句和疑问句,2.,疑问句,：用于提出问题的句子。,(1),一般疑问句,：以,be,动词，,have/has/do,等助动词、,can/may,等情态动词开头，以,yes,或,no,来回答的问句。,基本结构是：,Be/Have/Has/Did,等助动词,(,含情态动词,),主语谓语,?,如：,Are you a student?,Do you like English?,Can you speak English?,Have you ever been to the Great Wall?,考点二：陈述句和疑问句,(2),特殊疑问句,：以疑问代词或疑问副词开头,提出疑问的句子。,它的基本结构是：特殊疑问词一般疑问句。,常用的疑问词有,what,，,who(whom),，,whose,，,which,，,when,，,where,，,how,，,why,等，不用,yes,或,no,来回答。,如：,Which pen do you like?,Who are you?,考点二：陈述句和疑问句,(2),特殊疑问句,对数量提问,，疑问词用,how many/how much,，,注意疑问词how,many必须接复数名词,。,对价格提问,，疑问词用,how much。,对时间长度提问,，疑问词用,how long。,对如,once a,year,，,twice a week,等时间频率提问,，疑问词用,how often。,考点二：陈述句和疑问句,对如,once,，,twice,，,three times,等具体次数提问,，疑问词用,how many times。,对,“,in一段时间,”,提问,，疑问词一般用,how,soon（用于将来时态,）。,对距离提问,，疑问词用,how far。,考点二：陈述句和疑问句,(3),选择疑问句,：指提问者提供两种或两种以上情况,让对方从中作出选择的句子。,它的基本结构是：一般疑问句,or,一般疑问句（后一部分与前一部分相同的成分常常省略）。,回答时不用,yes,或,no,而是用所给选择的其中一种回答。有时只需用一个不定代词回答，如,all,，,both,，,either,，,neither,和,none,。,如：,Would you like chicken or beef?,Id like beef.,考点二：陈述句和疑问句,(4)反意疑问句,在一个陈述句之后附上一个简短的疑问句，对陈述句提出相反的疑问,，,这种疑问句叫反意疑问句,。,反意疑问句的构成是前肯后否,，,前否后肯,。,注意：,时态、人称、单复数要前后一致,。,注意,：,当反义疑问句的陈述部分含有no,，,none,，,never,，,neither,，,few,，,little,，,nothing,，,nobody,，,seldom,，,hardly,，,too to,等否定词时,附加问句应为肯定,。,考点二：陈述句和疑问句,(4)反意疑问句,反意疑问句的特殊情况,当陈述句是以“,Im”,开头时，附加问句用“,arent I?”,。,当陈述句是以,lets,开头的祈使句时，附加问句用“,shall we,？”，其他祈使句用“,will you?”,。,当陈述句是,there be,句型时，附加问句用“,be not there?”,（注意,be,的时态变化）。,考点二：陈述句和疑问句,(4)反意疑问句,反意疑问句的特殊情况,当陈述部分的主语是不定代词,everybody,，,anyone,，,somebody,，,nobody,，,no one,，,these,，,those,等时，疑问部分常用复数,they,。,当陈述部分的主语是指示代词或不定代词,everything,，,that,，,nothing,，,this,时，疑问部分的主语用,it,。,考点二：陈述句和疑问句,当陈述句是由I/we(dont/didnt)think/suppose/,believe等开头时,，,反意疑问句应和有关宾语从句的人称、时态保持一致,，,并根据主句选用肯定或否定形式,。,考点二：陈述句和疑问句,(4)反意疑问句,反意疑问句的特殊情况,当陈述句中的must表示“必须”时,，,疑问句用needn,t,/,mustn,t。陈述句中的mustn,t表示“禁止,”,时,，疑问句用,must。陈述句中的must表示“一定”时,，,疑问句部分应用must后面的动词相对应的助动词形式,。,当陈述部分有“had,better+动词原形”时,，,疑问部分用“hadn,t,you?”。,当陈述部分有“have,/has/had to+,动词原形,”,，,疑问部分常用,“,dont/doesnt/didnt+,主语,”。,考点二：陈述句和疑问句,(4)反意疑问句,注意回答反意疑问句时汉英表达习惯的不同。,如：,Li Lei never goes to school late,does he?,Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.,反意疑问句中要注意有些词的缩略形式。,s,既是,has,也是,is,的缩略形式。,d,既是,would,也是,had,的缩略形式。,如：,Hes already finished his homework,hasnt he?,Hes often told to come here,isnt he?,Youd better complete it by yourself,hadnt you?,考点二：陈述句和疑问句,即学即练,一、根据句意,，,把下列句子和对话补充完整,。,1._ will it take us to get there by bus?,About two hours.,2._ does your sister look like?,She is tall with long hair.,3._ is the library from our school?,Its quite near.Just go across the road.,4._ will she stay here?,For one and a half hours.,5._ is that new bike over there?,I think its Sams.,How long,What,How far,How long,Whose,考点二：陈述句和疑问句,即学即练,6._ is your sister,Jim?,Shes a journalist from CCTV.,7.He is a teacher,_ he,？,8.I cant swim,_ I?,9.He will be late,_ he?,10.Peter sings well,_ he?,11.Peter didnt go home,_ he?,12.Li Mei read the newspaper to the granny,_?,13.I am Chinese,_?,isnt,What,can,wont,did,doesnt,didnt she,arent I,考点二：陈述句和疑问句,即学即练,14.Lets go for a picnic tomorrow,_?,15.Let us play games,_?,16.Dont eat food in class,_?,17.There were a lot of apples,_?,18.There wont be any fashion shows on Sunday morning,_?,19.There will be many people at the party,_?,20.Everyone knows the answer,_?,21.Nobody knows about it,_?,22.These are your pens,_?,shall we,will you,will you,werent there,will there,wont there,doesnt he/dont they,arent they,does he/do they,考点二：陈述句和疑问句,即学即练,二、用,or,或,and,填空，或按要求改写句子。,1.Are they sitting,_,standing in the classroom?,2.The students stopped talking,_,laughing when the teacher came in.,3.,Meimei,likes boating.,（用,swim,改成选择疑问句）,_,Meimei,_ boating _?,4.She is a doctor.,（用,a nurse,改成选择疑问句）,_ a doctor _?,or,and,Does,like,or swimming,or a nurse,Is she,考点三：感叹句,用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子叫作感叹句，句末用感叹号。感叹句一般用感叹词,how,或,what,引导，,how,修饰形容词或副词，,what,修饰名词。,1.how,引导的感叹句，基本结构是：,How,形容词,/,副词主语谓语！,(,主谓可省略,),如：,How beautiful the park is!,考点三：感叹句,2.what,引导的感叹句，基本结构是：,(1)What,a/an,形容词可数名词（单数）主语谓语,!,（主谓可省略）,如：,What a nice girl(she is)!,(2)What,形容词复数名词（或不可数名词）主语谓语！,如：,What beautiful flowers these are!,What fine weather it is!,考点三：感叹句,注意：,what,感叹不可数名词时，名词前面不能加不定冠词,a,或,an,。,如：,What good news it is!,Look!What fine weather it is today!,类似的还有：,What bad weather!,What hard work!,What delicious food!,考点三：感叹句,即学即练,用,what,，,what a/an,或,how,填空。,1._ strong the wind is!,2._ cold weather it is!,3._ well he plays the violin!,4._ an interesting story this is!,5._ beautiful paintings these are!,6._ brightly the sun shines today!,7._ good advice you gave me!,8._ delicious the cookies taste!,9._ a good time they are having!,10._ hard work you have done!,How,What,How,What,What,How,What,How,What,What,考点四：祈使句,表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子叫祈使句，主语,you,通常省略。,1.,祈使句的肯定形式：一般以动词原形开头。,如：,Do your homework after school.,Lets go and have a look.,Let me have a try.,Be glad,my friend.,Dont be nervous!,考点四：祈使句,2.,祈使句的否定形式：在句首谓语动词前加,Dont,。,如：,Dont let me work with him.,=Let me not work with him.,Dont spend much time on computer games.,=You mustnt spend much time on computer games.,考点四：祈使句,3.,在公共场合的提示语中，祈使句的否定句常用“,No+,名词或动名词”表示“禁止做某事”。,如：,No photos!,No smoking here!=Smoking is not allowed here!,注意：,(1)“,祈使句,and /or,简单句”是常用句型。,如：,Be quick,or youll be late.,=If you are not quick,youll be late.,(2),否定的祈使句,=mustnt,。,如：,Dont draw on the wall.,=You mustnt draw on the wall.,考点五：倒装句,倒装句的分类及用法,(1),完全倒装,here,，,there,，,up,，,down,，,in,，,out,，,off,，,away,等副词开头的句子表示强调。,如：,Out rushed the children.,表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首。,如：,Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.,强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡。,如：,Present at the meeting were 1,000 students.,考点五：倒装句,倒装句的分类及用法,(2),部分倒装,never,，,hardly,，,scarcely,，,seldom,，,little,，,not until,，,not,等表示否定意义的副词放于句首。,如：,Hardly did I know what had happened.,only,和修饰的状语放于句首。,如：,Only then did he realize the importance of English.,“not only but also”,连接并列的句子,“,前倒后不倒”。,如：,Not only does he know French,but also he is expert at it.,考点五：倒装句,倒装句的分类及用法,(2),部分倒装,“,neither nor”,连接并列的句子前后都倒装。,如：,Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.,so that,such that,中的,so,或,such,及修饰的成分放于句首时“前倒后不倒”。,如：,So busy is he that he can not go on a holiday.,as,引导的让步状语。,如：,Child as he is,he has learned a lot.,考点五：倒装句,倒装句的分类及用法,(2),部分倒装,so,neither,或,nor,表示前文内容也适用于另外的人或事。,如：,He can play the piano.So can I.,用于表示祝愿的祈使句中。,如：,May you be in good health!,省略,if,的虚拟条件。,如：,Were I you,I would not do it in this way.,考点五：倒装句,2.,倒装句的结构,(1),如果前面句子是肯定句，那么倒装句的结构有：,“,So+,助动词,/be,动词,/,情态动词,+,主语”，表示“某人,/,某物也是这样”。,“,So+,主语,+,助动词,/be,动词,/,情态动词”，表示“某人,/,某物真的是这样”。,如：,Xiao Ming is a good student.So is Sam.,Xiao Ming is a good student.So he is.,考点五：倒装句,(2),如果前面的句子是否定句，那么倒装句结构为：“,Neither/Nor+,助动词,/be,动词,/,情态动词,+,主语”，表示“某人,/,某物也是这样”。,如：,Xiao Ming is not good at swimming.Neither/Nor is Sam.,考点五：倒装句,3.,以,here,，,there,等开头的句子，如果主语是名词，就用倒装句，如果主语是人称代词就无须使用倒装句。,如：,Here are some flowers for you.,Here you are.,考点五：倒装句,即学即练,根据汉语意思完成句子。,1.He will go to Hainan for a visit.So _.(,我也会,),2.He will go to Hainan for a visit.So _.(,他的确如此,),3.Tom was late for class yesterday.So _.(,他的确如此,),4.My mother can speak English._.(,我也会,),5.My mother cant speak English._.(,我也不会,),will I,he will,he was,So can I,Neither/Nor can I,祝福筑梦路上的所有考生，加油！,感谢使用,