【期末复习备考】外研小学起点版八年级上册英语语法复.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/12/18,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/12/18,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/12/18,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/12/18,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/12/18,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/12/18,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/12/18,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/12/18,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/12/18,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/12/18,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2020/12/18,*,八年级上册语法复习,1、一般过去时态,2,、过去进行时态,3,、动词不定式,2020/12/18,1,一般过去时,规则动词过去式,的构成规则,用法,各种句式结构,时间状语,要求：,四人小组分工合作完成！,2020/12/18,2,行为动词的一般过去时,过去式的构成规则,“,直”,一般情况下在动词原形后直接加,-ed.,如：,wantwanted,“,去”,以不发音的字母,e,结尾的动词，去掉,e,再加,-ed.,如：,hopehoped,“,双”,重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母,再加,-ed.,如：,stopstopped,“,改”,以辅音字母,+y,结尾的动词改,y,为,i,，再加,-ed.,如：,studystudied,注意：不规则动词变化，要逐一熟记。,2020/12/18,3,2,实义动词过去式的句式。,肯定式：主语,+,动词过去式,+,其它。,如：,They had a good time yesterday.,否定式：主语,+did not,（,didnt,）,+,动词原形,+,其它。,如：,They didnt watch TV last night.,一般疑问句：,Did+,主语,+,动词原形,+,其它？,肯定回答：,Yes,，主语,+did.,否定回答：,No,，主语,+didnt.,如：,Did they have a meeting two days ago,？,Yes,，,they did./No,，,they didnt.,特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词,+did+,主语,+,动词原形,+,其它？如：,What time did you finish your homework,？,2020/12/18,4,3,一般过去时的用法：,a.,主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。,My father worked in Shanghai last year.,b.,表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与,often,，,always,等 表示频度的时间状语连用。,I often went to school on foot.,c.,与,when,等连词引导的状语从句连用。,When he got home,，,he had a short rest.,4,一般过去时的时间状语：,a moment ago,（刚才），,yesterday morning,，,last night/week,，,the day before yesterday,（前天），,just now,（刚才），,in 2006,three days ago,等,2020/12/18,5,用所给动词的正确形式填空,1.I _(go)to school yesterday.,2.She_(play)football last week.,3.Look!Jack _(sing)now.,4.You_(read)the new paper the day before yesterday.,5.I _(see)Jack in the zoo last weekend.,6.I _(do)my homework last night,7.She _(open)the mailbox the day after tomorrow.,8.I _(help)the little baby drink the milk the next morning.,9.The farmers _(work)on the farm next week.,10.My parents_(watch)TV last Monday.,went,played,is singing,read,saw,did,will open,will help,will work,watched,2020/12/18,6,句型转换,1.,I went to the party last Friday.,（改为一般疑问句）,_ you _ to the party last Friday?,2.,I had a nice time last Sunday.,（改为一般疑问句）,_ you _ nice time last Sunday?,3.,We went to London,two years ago.,（对划线部分提问）,_ _ you_ to London?,4.,He did his homework in the morning.,（改为否定句）,He_ _ his homework in the morning.,Did,go,Did,have,When,did,go,didnt,do,2020/12/18,7,过去进行时,现在分词,V-ing,构成规则,用法,各种句式结构,时间状语,谓语构成,六人小组合作完成：,2020/12/18,8,过去进行时,:,谓语构成,:,was/were+,现在分词,V-ing,用法：,表示在过去的某一时间正在进行的动作,或存在的状态,时间状语：,at this time yesterday,（昨天这个时候）,at that time last week,（上周那个时候）,at nine yesterday evening,（昨晚九点时）,from seven to ten last night,（昨晚从七点到十点）等，,when,或,while,引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句。,2020/12/18,9,I was reading a newspaper when he came in,他进来时，我正在看报。,While I was walking home,I met Mr Green.,我步行回家时遇到了格林先生,.,My father was reading a newspaper while my mother was cooking.,妈妈做饭时爸爸在看报。,注：,while,引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句，两个过去进行时并用，表示动作同时发生。,2020/12/18,10,过去进行时,:,各种句式结构,肯定式：,否定式：,He was sleeping when she arrived.,她到达时他正在睡觉。,They werent planting trees at nine yesterday.,昨天早上九点他们不在植树。,一般疑问句：,Was,Were+,主语,+v-ing+,其它,?,主语,+was/were+v-ing+,其它,主语,+was,were not+v-ing+,其它,Was he playing football when you rang me?,你打电话给我时他正在踢足球吗,?,特殊疑问句,:,疑问词,+was,were+,主语,+v-ing+,其它,?,What was Peter doing at this time last week?,上周这个时候彼特在于什么,?,2020/12/18,11,用,was/were,填空,:,1、I,listening to the music.,2、She,playing the piano.,3、They,looking at the flowers.,4、We,having a picnic.,5、Lingling,watching TV.,6、Two boys,reading book.,7、Your uncle and auntvisiting the Great Wall.,8、Everyonehaving lunch.,9、People working on the farm.,10、Some women singing pop music.,was,was,was,was,were,were,were,were,were,were,2020/12/18,12,用所给动词的适当形式填空。,1.You_(have)a meeting at 9 last Monday morning,2.They_(play)football when I passed,3.She_(take)a walk when we had a talk,4._they _(try)to draw horses on the blackboard when the teacher came in?,5.The students _(1isten)to the teacher carefully while he was teaching,。,were having,were playing,was taking,Were,trying,were listening,2020/12/18,13,动词不定式,动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为,to+,动词原形，,to,为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点：,1.,具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。,2.,具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。,2020/12/18,14,一、动词不定式作主语,(),1.Its hard for us _English well.,A.learn B.learns C.to learn D.learning,()2.Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.,A.for,，,of B.of,，,for,C.to,，,for D.of,，,to,简析动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词,it,作形式主语，而将真正的主语,(,不定式,),置于后面。常见的句式有：,(1)It is+,形容词,(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is+,形容词,(for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is+,名词短语,(for sb)to do sth.,C,D,2020/12/18,15,句式,(1),中常用,nice,，,kind,，,clever,，,good,，,right,，,wrong,，,foolish,，,careless,等形容词，与介词,of,搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式,(2),中常用,hard,，,difficult,，,easy,，,important,等形容词，与介词,for,搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。,2020/12/18,16,二、动词不定式作宾语,()1.He wants _ some vegetables.,A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.buys,()2.Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.,to bring B.bringing C.to take D.taking,()3.He found it very difficult _.,A.sleeping B.sleeps C.slept D.to fall asleep,简析在,want,，,like,，,agree,，,hope,，,wish,，,learn,，,begin,，,start,，,decide,，,hate,，,choose,，,forget,，,remember,等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用,it,作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。,C,A,D,2020/12/18,17,三、动词不定式作宾语补足语,()1.Robert often asks us _ his Chinese,so his Chinese is much better than before.,help him B.to help him with,C.to help with D.helps him with,()2.Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.,A.cook B.cooks C.to cook D.cooked,简析不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：,ask,，,teach,，,expect,，,tell,，,allow,等。,B,C,2020/12/18,18,四、动词不定式作状语,()1.She went _ her teacher.,A.to see B.looks C.saw D.seeing,()2.Meimei likes English very much.She does her best _ English well.,A.learn B.learning C.to learn D.learns,简析,go,，,come,，,try,，,do/try ones best,等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。,A,C,2020/12/18,19,()3.Im sorry _ that.,A.hears B.hearing C.hear D.to hear,()4.Im sorry _ you.,A.trouble B.to trouble C.troubling D.troubled,()5.My mother was very glad _ her old friend.,A.to meet B.meet C.met D.meets,简析,be+,形容词,+to do sth,结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。,C,B,A,2020/12/18,20,五、动词不定式作定语,()1.Would you like something _?,A.drink B.drinking C.to drink D.drinks,()2.I have a lot of homework _.,A.do B.doing C.did D.to do,()3.He is not an easy man _.,A.get on B.to get on,C.get on with D.to get on with,简析不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。,C,D,D,2020/12/18,21,六、不带,to,的动词不定式,()1.We saw him _ the building and go upstairs.,A.to enter B.enter C.entering D.entered,()2.So much work usually makes them _ very tired.,A.to feel B.feels C.feeling D.feel,()3.Your father is sleeping.Youd better_.,A.not wake up him B.not to wake up him,C.not wake him up D.not to wake him up,B,D,C,2020/12/18,22,简析,1.,在,see,，,watch,，,hear,，,feel,等感官动词和,make,，,have,，,let,等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带,to.,2.,在,had better,后面接不带,to,的不定式。,2020/12/18,23,七、动词不定式的否定形式,()1.The old man told the child _ noisy.,A.not be B.not to be C.to not be D.be not,()2.There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow.Please try _ late.,A.have,，,not to be B.have,，,not be,C.be,，,not to be D.be,，,not be,简析动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号,to,的前面加上,not,，如果是不带,to,的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上,not.,B,C,2020/12/18,24,八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词,-ing,形式的区别,()1.Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired.,A.to have B.having C.have D.has,()2.Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home?,Sorry,I forgot _ some money with me.,A.take B.taking C.to take D.took,()3.Lets have a rest,shall we?,Not now,I cant stop _ the letters.,A.write B.to write C.writing D.and write,4.Jim was badly hurt,so he had to stop _(walk).,A,C,C,walking,2020/12/18,25,双宾语用法要点,此结构由主语,+,及物谓语动词,+,间接宾语（人）,+,直接宾语（事物）组成。如，,He brings me cookies every day.,She made me a beautiful dress.,但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词,to,或,for,如，,He brings cookies to me every day.,She made a beautiful dress for me.,用,to,侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。,用,for,侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。,2020/12/18,26,常跟双宾语的动词有：,（需借助,to,的）,bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,return,send,show,teach,等。,（需借助,for,的）,buy,call,cook,choose,draw,get,make,sing,等。,2020/12/18,27,反意疑问句,意义,概念,回答,规律,构成,当我们陈述一个事实，,而又不是很有把握，,就可以在陈述句后加,一 个简短问句，称为,反意疑问句。,对吧,/,是吧,?,陈述句,+,简短问句,助动词,/,系动词,be/,情态动词,+,主语（代词）,陈述句是,肯定,的，,简短问句用,否定,形式；,而陈述句是,否定,的，,简短问句就用,肯定,形式；,（前肯后否，前否后肯）,按事实回答,反意疑问句语法归纳,:,2020/12/18,28,二、祈使句用于反意疑问句中,这种类型较特殊，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是肯定疑问形式。,句型,1:Let,s+,动词原形,+,其它，,shallwe?,例：,Let,sgoforawalk,shall we?,而,Let us go for a walk,will you?,句型,2:,其它形式的祈使句，,willyou?Comeintotheclassroom,willyou?,Pleasebecareful,willyou?,Dont panic,will you?,2020/12/18,29,注意：,Therebe,句型,1,Thereisanoldpictureonthewall,isn,tthere?2.Therearent anychildrenintheroom,are there?,3.Therewasntatelephonecallforme,wasthere?,4,Therewereenoughpeopletopickapples,weren,tthere?,5,Therewillbeabasketballmatchtomorrow,wont,there?,2020/12/18,30,值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否定式（即没加上,not,），而是用上了“,never,little,few,hardly,nothing,nobody,”,等表否定意义的词，后半部分应用肯定疑问式。,YouhaveneverbeentoBeijing,haveyou?,Mr.Fathasfewfriendshere,doeshe?,Thereislittlemilkinthebottle,isthere?,Hecoulddonothing,could he?,2020/12/18,31,完成下列反意疑问句：,1,.,Mary listened to pop music,_ _?,2.He has never been to Shanghai_ _?,3.He has few friends at school,_ _?,4.The music sounds beautiful,_ _?,5.You cant dance to jazz,_ _?,6.They werent at the concert,_ _?,7.Lets stop writing,_ _?,8.Dont be late,_ _?,didnt she,has he,does he,doesnt it,can you,were there,shall we,will you,2020/12/18,32,现在完成时,规则动词过去分词,的构成规则,用法,各种句式结构,时间标志词,谓语构成,要求：六人小组合作完成,2020/12/18,33,谓语构成：,助动词,have/has+,动词的过去分词,用法,（,1,）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，,常与,already(,已经,),ever(,曾经,),yet,just(,刚刚,),before(,以前,),等词连用。,（,2,）表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在，,常与,for,或,since,引导的时间状语连用。,标志词,（,1,）,just,，,never,，,ever,，,already,，,yet,等,（,2,）,for,一段时间；,since,点时间或,引导时间状语从句（一 般多为过去时）,（,3,）,so far(,到目前为止,),；,in the past/last,表示一段时间的词语,现在完成时态,2020/12/18,34,现在完成时态,各种句式结构,肯定式：,主语,+have/has+,过去分词,+,其他,否定式：,主语,+havent/hasnt+,过去分词,+,其他,一般疑问句：,Have/Has+,主语,+,过去分词,+,其他？,特殊疑问句：,疑问词,+have/has+,主语,+,过去分词,+,其他？,I have lived here for ten years.,Lucy has lived here since 2001.,They havent had breakfast yet.,Have you ever been to Beijing?,How long has he lived here?,2020/12/18,35,1、see 2、hear,3、study 4、stop,5、write 6、teach,7、catch 8、go,9、play 10、live,11、make 12、forget,写出下列动词的过去分词形式,:,seen,heard,studied,stopped,written,taught,caught,gone,played,lived,made,forgotten,2020/12/18,36,(,一,),考查现在完成时的一般用法,()1,Kitty,will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening?,No,，,I wont,I_it already,A,saw B,have seen C,see D,will see,()2.Gone with the Wind is a wellknown novel,She_ it twice,A,read B,is reading C,reads D,has read,()3,How long_ you_ here?,For about two years so far,A.have;studied B.did;live,C.do;stay D.have changed,A,B,D,2020/12/18,37,（二）考查非延续性动词与一段时间连用的表达方式,()1,Oh,Mrs,king,your dress looks nice,Is it new?,No,，,I_ it since two years ago.,A,had B,have had C,bought D,have bought,()2,Jeff borrowed a history book from his friend,He_it for a week,A,has borrowed B.has lent C.has kept D,lend,()3.The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer_for half an hour,A,has left B,has gone C.has been away,D.has gone away,B,C,C,2020/12/18,38,(,三,),考查,have,has been to,，,have,has gone to,与,have,has been in,的区别,()1,Wheres your father?,He_ Shanghai,Hell be back next week,A,has gone to B,has been to C,have gone to D,have been to,()2,Where is David?,He_to England on business,A,is going B,has gone C,has been D,goes,()3._ you ever_ to the United States?,-Yes,twice,A,Have;gone B,Have;been C,Do,；,go D,Were;going,A,B,B,2020/12/18,39,(,四,),考查,for,与,since,接时间状语时的区别,()1,What a nice dog!How long have you had it?,-_two years,A,For B,Since C.In,()2,Miss Gao has taught in this school_ 1993,A.for B,at C,in D,since,(,五,),考查现在完成时与一般过去时的区别,()1,-He has already gone to England,-When_ he_ there?,A,will;go B,is;going C,did;go D,has;gone,()2,Have you read this book?yes,I_it two weeks ago.,A,am reading B,have read C,will read D,read,A,D,C,D,2020/12/18,40,(,六,),现在完成时在特定语境下的使用,()1,Helen,，,I told you to do your home-work as carefully as you can?,Yes,，,but Ifewer mistakes than I usually do,A,was making B,have made C,will make D,had made,()2,Has the match started?,Started?Finished,！,Guo Yue_,A,is winning B,wins C,will win D,has won,()3.Xiao Wang_ English for thirteen years.So he can speak quite good English.,A.had learned B.has learned,C.will be learning D.learns,B,D,B,2020/12/18,41,()4.The film_for half an hour.,A.has begun B.has been begun,C.has been on D.began,()5.You dont have to describe her.I_her several times.,A.had met B.have met C.meet D.met,()6.Miss Yang is not at home.She_to the school library.,A.went B.has been C.goes D.has gone,()7.He has never visited the Great Hall of the People._?,A.hasnt he B.has he C.does he D.doesnt he,B,C,D,B,2020/12/18,42,