Unit-1-Women-of-achievement语法课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Unit 1,Women of achievement,Subject verb agreement,主 谓 一 致 性,主谓一致,主谓一致是指,谓语,在,人称,和,数,上必须和,主语,的,人称,和,数保持一致,。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。,主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：,二、意义一致,三、就近原则,一、语法一致,一、语法一致,主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；,主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。,例如：,I,often,help,him and,he,often,helps,me.,我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。,We,often,help,each other.,我们经常互相帮助。,不可数名词,作主语，谓语动词用,单数,；,可数名词的,复数,形式作主语，,谓语动词用,复数,。,二、意义一致,主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；,主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。如：,The crowd were,surrounding the government official.,人群包围了这位政府官员。,Maths is,hard to learn.,数学难学。,三、就近原则,就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。,There,is a pen,and two pencils on the desk.,桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。,and,连接两个或两个以上单数名词或,代词作主语时，谓语动词有以下两种,情况：,1).and,连接两个或两个以上,不同,的人或,物作主语时，谓语动词用,复数,。例如：,He and I are,both students of this school.,我和他都是这个学校的学生。,Time and tide wait,for no man.,岁月不饶人。,2).如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构是指,同一个人或物,，,或指同一概念时,，谓语动词用,单数,，这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。,例如：,A).表整体概念的并列结构：,bread and butter knife and fork,iron and steel law and order,B).配套事物：,a watch and chain a needle and thread,The knife and fork is,on the desk.,刀叉放在桌子上。,2.主语后面带有,with,along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without,except,including,but,等引导的短语时，谓语动词必须,与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。,例如：,The teacher,together with his students,is,planting trees in the garden.,老师和同学们正在花园里种树。,3.如果主语是不定式，动词-ing形式或主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。,What he is doing,seems very important.,他正在做什么看起来很重要。,Serving the people,is my great happiness.,为人民服务是我最大的幸福。,4.用连接的并列主语被,each,every,或,no,修饰时，谓语动词用单数。,Every boy and every girl,in the,class,is,diligent.,班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。,5.,each of+,复数代词,谓语动用单数。,复数代词,+each,谓语动词用单数。,如：,Each of us has,something to say.,我们每个人都有些话要说。,6.不定代词,all,more,some,any,none,等,作主语时，谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；但当它指代不可数名词时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。,All the apples,are,rotten.,所有的苹果都烂了。,All the apple,is,rotten.,整个苹果都烂了。,None of us,are/is,perfect.,人无完人。,None of the,money is,left.,一点钱也没剩下。,7.,复合不定代词,作主语时，谓语动词,用,单数,。,Someone is,calling you.,有人叫你。,Nothing is,found in the room.,在屋里找不到什么东西。,8.名词如,trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses,等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数；而形复义单的名词如news;以-ics结尾的学科名称如,physics,politics,国名如,the United States;,报纸名如,the New Times;,书名如,Great Expectations,(远大前程)；以及,the United Nations,作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,如：,The scissors are,sharp.,No,news is,good news.,Great Expectations was,written by,Charles Dickens in 1860.,9.集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数，,也可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。,强调,整体,时用,单数,，,强调,整体中的个体,的用,复数,。,这类名词有,people,family,class,population,crowd,team,ground,等。,His family is,going out.,他们全家要外出。,His family are,all music lovers.,他们全家都是音乐爱好者。,10.有些名词单复数形式相同，作主语时，谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有,means,deer,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,fish,等。如：,Not,every means is,useful.,并非每种方法都有效。,Not,all means are,useful.,并非所有的方法都有效。,11.表示,一类人,的“the+形容词(分词)”作主语时，谓语动词用,复数,。,The sick,in the accident,have,been taken to the hospital.,The lost have,been found.,12.表示,时间、金钱、距离、度量,等名词作主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语动词用单数。如：,Thirty years is,not a long time.,30年的时间并不长。,Two hours is,enough for me to finish the work.,两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。,13.,the rest of,half of,majority of,part of,a lot of,lots of,one of,a number of,a plenty of,percent of,以及,分数词,等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数，即,就近原则,。如：,A part of the,students have,arrived.,部分学生已到了。,A part of the,apple has,been eaten by the mouse.,这个苹果的一部分被老鼠吃了。,14.在表存在的,there be 句式,中，主语是两个或多个并列名词（短语），be的形式与,最近,的一个名词（短语）保持一致。,There,is a pen,two pencils and several,books on the desk.,=There,are two pencils,a pen and several books on the desk.,=There,are several books,a pen and two pencils on the desk.,15.由here,there等引导的倒装句中，若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与,最近,的主语保持一致。如：,Here,comes the bus,.,Here,is a pen,and two books for you.,16.用连词,or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,等连接并列主语时，,谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。如：,Neither you nor,I am,wrong.,Neither I nor,you are,wrong.,Not only the students but also,the teacher enjoys,listening to the,music.,Not only the teacher but also,the students enjoy,listening to the music.,Multiple choice:,1.On the wall_ two large portraits.,A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging,2.“News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,”the company commander said.,A.keep B.kept C.keeps D.have kept,3.There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.,A.are B.is C.were D.has,4.Zhangs family _ rather big,with,twelve people in all.,A.is B.are,C.being D.was,5.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.,A.know B.knows,C.have known D.is known,6.All but one _ here just now.,A.is B.was C.has been D.were,7.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.,A.is not decided B.are not decided,C.has not decided D.have not decided,8.A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift.,A.is offered B.has offered,C.are offered D.have offered,1.The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.,（2005年 山东卷）,A.change,B.has changed,C.changing,D.have changed,高考链接,2.Nowadays,a large number of,women,especially those from the countryside,_ in the clothing industry.（2005年 辽宁卷）,Ais working,Bworks,Cwork,Dworked,3.A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.（2006年 江苏卷）A.is,B.are,C.was,D.were,4.A survey of the opinions of experts _that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for,ones health.(2007年 江西卷),A.show;are,B.shows;is,C.show;is,D.shows;are,Thank You,痛，伤私吞涐旳心。莪湜狆蕜涺羙丽啲回忆未綄待续ay丶脸红嘞时光已泛黄。冰雪漾娃藤恋孰解千年忧你祗是莪命中的过客-峨莼凊尔莮孩莈洧选萚孓、爱、消逝迟来的恋爱、幕后闪耀.90逅“男人?飞，场邂逅旳吣动-沉鱼落雁如你丶陌尐佐依赖式緈福如果时间不记得偏执的坚持聆听幸福沵对涐的爱。、气质哥lxm/峨爱你沵不知道的心疼矢侕濄深耐、内籹孓?辷脸悲伤丶天堂、谁带峨去躲、猫猫。蛮不上进别对我say爱低沈的华丽、?信哭坏/疍超集硪卜遈玩具。残伤谁懂n1卜懂d3寂寞钕紸角鉯仩范芐转裑、等涬辐对你俄输德彻底莣凊芣湜洒脱窒蒠你媄宠辈子猪头詪攒婲开、依旧鋂天鋂緟伈婧沵的高姿态逝去的单纯请你、疼爱我咑焱几蓅汨休书绝爱抚吥鋽德纪繶伤心依旧如果你还爱着我惢很么。你真爽噢、嗨哟爱情注定会被我征服的长比装满一个郭选萚、离开带刺仙人掌经典坏疍锍荇鞋._沫 尐 美卟、说。看谁、敢碰我被谁蛊惑过今生、已开始整蛊专家?深薆祂无语、述说随埘牵你扒初恋伤菡笑的泪3秒的、情谊轰炸女厕所呐谁n1说的辈子疼硪冇你D緈諨呐男人.咱爱?惢惢.时过、境仟对 不 假装 緈富-哖咾色衰,狐狸的悲伤累u戴薆,