英语语法名师总结：非谓语动词.ppt

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,第四章非谓语动词,一、不定式,1不定式作主语,不,定式可直接放在句首作主语。有时也用it作,形式,主语，把真正的主语不定式放在,后,面，以避免头重脚轻，保持句子结构的平衡。,【例1】,_ English today is the most important task to me.,AStudy BBeing studied,CStudied DTo study,答案,D,【例2】It is my honor _ here to spend some time with you.,Ato be invited Binviting,Cbeing invited Dto invite,答案A,2不定式作表语,不定,式作表语，通常说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。,【例3】,The purpose of new technology is to make life easier，_ it more difficult.,Anot making Bnot make,Cnot to make Dto not make,答案,C,【例4】Today my job is _ all the flowers in the garden.,Awater Bhaving watered,Cto water Dwatered,答案C,4不定式作宾补,(1),有,些动词(短语)后面常接带to的不定式作宾补。这类动词有：consider，get，remind，advise，allow，ask，beg，encourage，force，invite，expect，order，permit，persuade，require，want，warn，wish，teach，cause，tell，command，call on，count on，rely on，depend on，long for，wait for，would like等。但hope，suggest，agree，demand，arrange等动词后,不能,接sb.to do sth.结构。,【例8】We cant count on a man like Jim _ us the necessary help.,Ato give Bgiving,Cto be given Dgiven,答案A,(2)有些动词，主要是感官动词和使役动词，它们的后面可接,不带,to的不定式作宾补，如：see，notice，observe，feel，hear，have，make，let等，但如果是在被动语态的句子中，就要用,带,to的不定式作主补。,【例9】My parents have always made me _ about myself，even when I was twelve.,Afeeling well Bfeeling good,Cfeel well Dfeel good,答案D,5不定式作定语,(1),不,定式用在the first，the second，the last，the only等短语后面作定语。,【例10】John was the last man _ dinner in our family.,Ato be invited for Bto be invited to,Cinvited for Dinviting to,答案B,(2)不定式作定语，与被修饰的中心词之间常表现为主谓关系或动宾关系。,The next train to arrive,was from New York.(,主谓,关系),It was,a game to be remembered.,(,动宾,关系),【例11】That is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms.(2010上海),Areducing Bto reduce,Creduced Dreduce,答案B,6不定式作状语,(1),作,原因状语。不定式常可跟在某些,形容,词或,动,词后面作原因状语。,【例12】We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition.,Afinding Bto find,Cfind Dto be find,答案B,(2)作目的状语。不定式作目的状语既可放在句首也可放在句尾。但为了加强语气，也可用“so as to do”或“in order to do”结构作目的状语。in order to既可放在句,首,也可放在句,尾,，so as to一般不置于句,首,。,【例13】,With Fathers Day around the corner，I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad.,Abuy Bto buy,Cbuying Dto have bought,答案,B,【例14】_ lose his job，Tom kept quiet about the accident.,AIn order to not BIn order not to,CTo not DSo as not to,答案B,(3)作结果状语。具体形式是：too,adj,./,ad,v,.to do意为,“,太,而不能,”,；,adj,./,ad,v,.enough to do意为,“,足以,”,；only/just to do表示,出乎意料,的结果。,【例15】,Do you think you are brave enough _ bungee jumping?,Atrying Bin trying,Cto try Dand try,答案,C,【例16】He hurried to the station，only _ the train had left.,Afinding Bfound Cto find Dfind,答案C,(4)用于,“,主语be形容词不定式,”,结构。该结构中的形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，comfortable，fit，convenient，pleasant等，不定式与句子的主语是,动宾,关系，不定式常用,主动,形式，且不定式必须是,及物,动词。,【例17】The armchair is very comfortable _.,Ato sit Bto sit in,Csitting in Dfor sitting down,答案B,【例18】We found the exercise difficult _ without the help of the English teacher.,Ato be done Bto do,Cto do it Dof doing,答案B,7,“,疑问词不定式,”,结构,此,结构相当于,名,词的功能，即作,主,语、,宾,语、,表,语等成分。不定式一般,只,用主动式,不,用被动式。疑问词须作不定式的相应,成分,。,【例19】Its no use having ideas only.,Dont worry.Peter can show you _ to turn an idea into an act.,Ahow Bwho Cwhat Dwhere,答案A,【例20】The police officer wants to know what measures _ to find the murderer as soon as possible.,Ato take Bto be taken,Ctaken Dbeing taken,答案A,【例21】I was made to write a letter in English，but I dont know _.,Awhat to write about Bhow to begin with,Chow to write about Dwhat to begin,答案A,8不定式的时态和语态,不,定式的时态变化往往是相对于谓语动词而言的，如果不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之,后,或与谓语动词所表示的动作,同时,发生，用不定式的一般式；如果不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之,前,，用不定式的完成式。不定式的语态变化往往针对其逻辑主语而言，如果不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者，用不定式的,被动,式。,【例22】The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang，who was reported _ the world record in the 110meter hurdle race.,Abreaking Bhaving broken,Cto have broken Dto break,答案C,【例23】Many buildings in the city need repairing，but the one _ first is the library.,Arepaired Bbeing repaired,Crepairing Dto be repaired,答案D,二、动名词,动,名词主要起名词的作用，在句中作,主,语、,宾,语、,表,语、,定,语，一般不作,状,语，有各种形式的变化。,1,动名词作主语,动,名词可直接放在句首作主语。有时也用it作形式主语，把真正的主语动名词放在后面。注意：no use，no good作,表,语时，真正的主语,常,用动名词，一般,不,用不定式。,【例24】In my mind，_ that famous university will be the only way to become a worldclass writer.,Aattending Battended,Cattend Dhaving attended,答案A,【例25】It is no use _ with him at this time.,Atalk Bto talk,Ctalking Dtalked,答案C,2动名词作宾语,(1),有,些动词(短语)后面要求跟动名词作宾语。常见的后跟动名词作宾语的动词有：mind，finish，enjoy，excuse，imagine，keep，practice，suggest，miss，consider，prevent，appreciate，advise，avoid，allow，admit，delay，escape，permit，forbid，cant help(情不自禁)，feel like，keep on，give up，look forward to，devote.to，get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth等。,【例26】He didnt feel like _，so she suggested _ an English letter right away.,Areading；practising writing,Breading；practising to write,Creading；to practise writing,Dto read；practising to write,答案A,【例27】Tom enjoys _ basketball on Sunday afternoons，doesnt he?,Yes，he does.But what his sister enjoys _.,Ato play；dancing Bplaying；to dance,Cto play；to dance Dplaying；is to dance,答案D,【例28】The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.,Acatching Bto be caught,Cbeing caught Dto catch,答案C,(2)在have difficulty(trouble，a problem，a hard time，fun，a good time)(in)动名词；be busy(in)动名词；waste time(in)动名词；there is no point(in)动名词等结构中，动名词作介词in的,宾,语，in常,可,省。,【例29】I had great difficulty _ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.(2010上海),Afind Bfound Cto find Dfinding,答案D,【例30】Robert is indeed a wise man.,Oh，yes.How often I have regretted _ his advice!,Ato take Btaking,Cnot to take Dnot taking,答案D,三、分词,分,词在句中可用作,表,语、,定,语、,补,语、,状,语等。,1,分词作表语,分,词作表语具有,形容,词的功能，说明主语的性质或特征。现在分词表示主语与分词之间存在逻辑上的,主动,关系，意为,“,令人,的,”,，主语通常是,物,；过去分词表示主语与分词之间存在逻辑上的,被动,关系，意为,“,感到,的,”,，主语通常是,人,。,【例31】This computer game was _ and the children were _ in it.,A,interesting,；,interesting B,interested,；,interested,C,interesting,；,interested D,interested,；,interesting,答案,C,【例32】She took a deep breath to calm herself，but her voice still sounded _.,Aexcitement Bexcited,Cexciting Dexcitedly,答案B,2分词作定语,现,在分词作定语既可放在所修饰的词之,前,，作前置定语，也可放在所修饰的词之,后,，相当于一个定语从句。过去分词作定语时，一般置于所修饰的名词之,后,，其意义相当于一个定语,从句,。,【例33】,Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily.,(2010北京),Aadvertised Bto be advertised,Cadvertising Dhaving advertised,答案,A,【例34】The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.,(2010浙江),Abeing weighed Bto weigh,Cweighed Dweighing,答案D,3分词作宾补,常,跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch，have，get，keep，hear，find，feel，leave，make，notice，observe，watch等。,【例35】,Alexander tried to get his work _ in the medical circles.,Ato recognize Brecognizing,Crecognize Drecognized,答案,D,4,分词作状语,分词可作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、结果状语等。,【例36】,Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock，_ supplies to Yushu，Qinghai Province after the earthquake.,(2010福建),Asending Bto send,Chaving sent Dto have sent,答案,A,四、难点速通,难点1：不定式to后的内容省略的问题,为了,避免重复，like，love，try，want，hope，hate，wish，be glad/happy等后面必须有,to,，但to后面的,动,词常省略。但如果to后是be或have时,不,省。,【例37】,How about going on a picnic with us tomorrow?,_ very much.,AIll like to BId like to,CId like DIll like it,答案,B,【例38】Did they tell you the final decision of the committee?,No，they didnt，but I think I ought to _.,A/Bbe Chave Dhave been,答案D,难点2：with复合结构,“,with,宾,语非谓语动词,”,是一种特殊的结构，可以在句中作,定,语或,状,语。,【例39】,The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked,Alaid Blaying,Cto lay Dbeing laid,答案,A,难点3：remember，forget，regret后接动名词和不定式的区别,后,接动名词表示,先,于谓语动词的动作；后接不定式表示,后,于谓语动词的动作。,【例40】,The light in the office is still on.,Oh，I forgot _.,Aturning it off Bturn it off,Cto turn it off Dhaving turned it off,答案,C,【例41】Have you forgotten _ a ruler from Mike?Please remember _ it to him tomorrow.,Aborrowing；to return Bborrowing；returning,Cto borrow；to return Dto borrow；returning,答案A,【例42】You should say sorry to your brother.,Yes，I regret _ with him.,Aquarrelling Bquarreled,Cto quarrel Dhave quarreled,答案A,难点4：want，need，require和deserve后接动名词和不定式的用法,当,它们后面所接的动词与句子的主语是,动宾,关系时，用动名词的,主动,式或不定式的,被动,式。,【例43】,I need _ there by bike，but something is wrong with my bike.It needs _.,Agoing；being repaired Bto go；repairing,Cto go；to repair Dgo；to be repaired,答案,B,【例44】He deserves _.,Apromoted Bpromote,Cto be promoted Dto promote,答案C,难点5：在try，stop，mean，go on，cant help后，用动名词和不定式所表达的含义不同,(1)try doing sth.,试,着,做某事；try to do sth.,努力,做某事,(2)stop doing sth.,停止,做某事；stop to do sth.,停下来,做某事,(3)mean doing sth.,意味着,做某事；mean to do sth.,打算,做某事,(4)go on doing sth.继续做某事(即：再做原来做着的那件事)；go on to do sth.接着做另一件事(即：做与原来,不同,的一件事),(5)cant help doing sth.,情不自禁,做某事；cant help(to)do sth.,不能帮助,做某事,【例45】Try _ at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.,Aknock Bto knock,Cknocking Dto be knocking,答案C,【例46】She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path.,Ato have rested Bresting,Cto rest Drest,答案C,【例47】To buy the IBM PC 686 means _ a lot of money.,Really?I dont mean _ much money.,Ato waste；to waste Bwasting；wasting,Cwasting；to waste Dto waste；wasting,答案C,难点6：现在分词的被动式、过去分词、不定式的被动式作定语的区别,现,在分词的被动式表示,正在,进行，过去分词表示,完成,，不定式的被动式表示,将来,。,【例48】,His first book _ next month is based on a true story.,Apublished Bto be published,Cto publish Dbeing published,答案,B,难点7：,“,似是而非,”,的to,to既可作介词，也可作不定式符号。pay attention to，lead to，look forward to，stick to，object to，get down to，be used to(习惯于)，devote.to等短语中的to是,介,词。,【例49】Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children.,Aset up Bsetting up,Chave set up Dhaving set up,答案B,【例50】We must pay attention to the problem he referred _ fewer mistakes in our work.,Ato make Bto making,Cto to make Dwithout making,答案C,【例51】The man used to _ up early had a slight accident the other day.,Agetting Bget,Cgot Dhaving got,答案A,