英语语法—句子成分和句子类型.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,句子成分和句子的基本类型,Grammar,句子成分,主 谓 宾,主语,谓语,宾语,定语,状语,补语,同位语,主语 谓语 宾语,观察下面一个例句，你能找到句中的“,主语,”,、“,谓语,”、“,宾语,”吗,?,因此这是个典型的“主谓宾”句型。,I,beat,you.,主语,谓语,宾语,SVO,主语,(,Subject),主语是动作的主体部分,在主动句中：主语是动作的发出者,I,teach you English.,在被动句中：主语是动作的承受者,You are beaten.,主语一般由名词、代词或数词充当。,Twelve divided by four is three.,（数词）,主语还可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。,What I want to do,is join the party.,Smoking,is harmful to your health.,To learn English,is difficult.,谓语,(,Predicate),谓语,表示一个动作、行为，是由,动词,充当的。,I,teach,you English.,一个句子能不能没有谓语,?,谓语,不能,定语,(Attributive):,定语也可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。,Those,who want to learn English well,should study harder than others.,an,interesting,book,a meeting,to attend,定语也可以由副词（词组）或介词（词组）充当。,The man,over there,The books,on the shelf,状语,(Adverbial),状语是用于修饰副词、形容词或动词的成分。,状语一般由副词充当。,Those problems are pretty hard.,形容词也可以充当状语。,Happy to see him,she forgot everything.,状语,(Adverbial),介词词组、非谓语动词和从句也可以充当状语。,They managed to finish the job,before Monday,.,（介词词组）,The old man sat on the bench,enjoying the sun-set,.,（现在分词词组）,As he was leaving the office,it started to rain.,（时间状语从句）,补语,(Complement),补语是用于补充说明,主语,或,宾语,的身份或特征。,补语一般由名词或形容词充当。,I am a teacher.(S C),Dont leave me alone.(O C),主语补语,宾语补足语,PS,：位于连系动词后的主语补语又称“表语”。,Notice:,这是一句“,SVC”,句型不是“,SVO”,补语,(Complement),副词、介词（词组）、非谓语动词或从句都可以,在系动词后,充当补语,(,也称表语,),。,Time is up.(adv.),They are in the classroom.(prep.),The place is where we first met each other.,副词、介词（词组）或非谓语动词也可以充当宾语补足语。,She laid the baby on the bed.(prep.),I saw him rushing into the classroom.,同位语,(Appositive),同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明,同位语一般由名词或名词词组充当,The Great Wall,one of the wonders in the world,attracts a large number of foreign friends.,名词性从句也可以充当同位语,（修饰抽象名词为多）,The news,that he went abroad,surprised me.,句子的基本类型,根据不同的谓语动词，我们可以把句子分成五大种七大类。,我们用,S,表示主语，,V,表示谓语，,O,表示宾语，,C,表示补语，,A,表示状语。,谓语为不及物动词,谓语为连系动词,谓语为及物动词,谓语为能带双宾的及物动词,谓语为能带复合宾语的及物动词,基本句型一,SV,、二,SVA,这两个基本句型的共同点是谓语动词均为不及物动词。,SV,句型,They have arrived.,SVA,句型,The famous writer lived in the 18th century.,比较,SV,和,SVA,句型,区别在于状语,A,是不是不可或缺的：,如果没有状语句子仍能被理解，这是,SV,句型。,如果没有状语句子不能被理解，这是,SVA,句型。,基本句型三,SVC,这个句型的特点是谓语动词为连系动词。,He is,an excellent teacher,.,表语还是宾语？,千万记住：表语！,基本句型四、五,这两个基本句型的共同点是谓语动词均为及物动词。,SVO,句型,I love you,very much,!,SVOA,句型,I put the bottle,on the desk,.,SVO,句型与,SVOA,句型的区别在于,A,是否必须存在！,不能缺少！,可以省略！,基本句型六,这个基本句型的特点是谓语动词可以接复合宾语结构。,SV,OC,句型,I saw him rushing out of the room.,OC,可以看作复合宾语！,基本句型七,这个基本句型的特点是谓语动词可以接双宾语。,SVoO,句型,I gave,him,the book,.,I gave,the book,to him,.,辨清直接和间接宾语,!,能放在介词后的宾语为间接宾语！,判断下列各句句子的基本句型,Mr Black is English.,The teacher taught us some grammar rules.,The farmer dug up the soil.,She found her ring lost.,She left her job unfinished.,SVC,SVO,o,SVO,SVOC,SVOC,判断下列各句句子的基本句型,The great poet lived in the 18,th,century.,She introduced her friends to us.,The tape-recorder is on the desk.,The guests have just arrived.,She laid the baby on the bed.,SVA,The End,Thank you for your attending!,