现在分词-高中英语-语法-高三-总复习.ppt

你的标题,请在此键入你的内容,一级标题,二级标题,三级标题,四级标题,*,*,Present Participle,现在分词,现在分词,现在分词由动词加ing构成。,非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用，在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语。,现在分词,一.构成形式 doing,现在分词表示,主动,的或,进行,的动作,现在分词的两个基本特点,在语态上表示,主动,。,例如：,the ruling class 统治阶级,the exploiting class,剥削阶级。,试比较：,被统治阶级,被剥削阶级,the ruled class,the exploited class,现在分词,三.时态与语态,所有否定式都是在ing前面加not 包括独立主格形式,现在分词各种形式,1、,现在分词一般式,所表示的动作通常与谓语动作词所表示的动作,同时发生,，有时也可能略早于或迟于谓语动作，但两者之间没有时间间隔。,例如:,Dont you sit there,doing,nothing.别什么也不干坐在那里。It rained heavily,causing,severe flooding in that country.雨下得很大，引发了村里严重的洪灾。,现在分词各种形式,2、,现在分词的完成式,主要表示发生在谓语动作,之前,的动作。,例如:,Having failed,twice,he didnt want to try again.他已经失败了两次，不想再试了。,Having finished,his homework,he went back home.完成作业后，他回家。,Exercises,（1）_hard before,Tom is afraid of failing in the exam.,A.Having been worked B.Not to have worked,C.Having never worked D.Never have worked,（2）,He sent me an E-mail,_ to get further information.(2000上海卷),hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.hope,（,3,）,A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.(03,全国高考题,),A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked,现在分词 作谓语*,2.构成,不定式的进行形式,He seems to be worrying about something.,Walter happened to be working in the next room.,Theyre said to be making an important experiment.,I dont want you to be wasting your time like this.,现在分词 作表语,一些表示,状态,，,品质,的现在分词也可用作表语。,例如：,The photograph is missing.,She is always very obliging.,That cake looks tempting.,Is the matter pressing?,现在分词 作定语,1.现在分词作定语，通常放在所修饰词前，表示,正在进行,的或,主动,的动作，也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征。,例如：,The sleeping boy is Tom.,He saw a flying bird and raised his bow.,I was satisfied with the exciting speech.,现在分词 作定语,2.现在,分词短语作定语,放在所修饰词的后面，相当于定语从句。,例如：,Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise.,There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.,(=Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise.),现在分词 作定语,现在分词可相当于,非限制性定语,，常用逗号分开。例如：,Tom,wearing beautiful clothes,followed me down the hill.,(=Tom,who is wearing beautiful clothes,followed me down the hill.),现在分词 作定语,3.有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成,复合词,作定语。,例如：,This is an English-speaking country.,现在分词作定语的易错考点,The boy who having lived in Beijing for ten years is my brother.,上句想用定语从句,但从句是应该用的是谓语形式,而上句用了having lived的现在分词形式,它是不能作谓语的.其实现在分词作定语就是表示正在发生,不可能用它的完成式来作定语.如果想表达已经.的人或事，必须用定语从句,例如：,The man living in this room is a teacher.,分词短语相当于who is living in this room.,The man who has lived in this room for ten years is a teacher.这句中只能用定语从句来表示.不能用现在分词的完成式.,现在分词作定语的易错考点,注意2：,在message，letter，sign，news，notice等,媒体词,后，用表示,“说道、写道”,的动词作定语来说明该名词的具体内容时，只能,用现在分词,而不用过去分词。,例如：,（1）Yesterday I bought a book saying some parents dont have enough time to stay with their children.,（2）Peter received the letter just now saying his grandma would come to see him soon.,现在分词 作状语,1.现在分词作状语时，可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语，表示,正在进行,的或,主动,的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。,例如：,The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.,Seeing from the top of the hill,we can find that the city looks more beautiful.,现在分词 作状语,作,时间、条件、原因、让步状语,事要位于句首，且与后面用逗号隔开，能转换为一个相应的状语从句。,作,结果、方式、伴随状语,时要位于句尾，且与前面用逗号隔开，有时也可以不用。,现在分词 作状语,Walking in the street,I saw him.,翻译成”当,我,在街上走时，,我,看到他了”,而不可以翻译为”当,他,在街上走时，,他,看到我了”,这个是因为?,“分词作状语时,其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致,.”,现在分词 作状语,“当他在街上走时，我看到他了。”,分词作状语：,When/While he was walking in the street,I saw him.,He walking in the street,I saw him.,现在分词 作状语,2）作,条件,状语,e.g.Working hard,you will succeed.,3）作,原因,状语,e.g.Being ill,she stayed at home.,注意 being是常用来作原因状语的,4）作,让步,状语,e.g.Having failed many times,he didnt lost heart.,现在分词 作状语,2.现在分词的,独立主格,分词的独立主格实质就是分词作状语 只不过它不符合我们说的那条”分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致”,Winter coming，it gets colder and colder,it在句中指代的是,”天气”,现在分词 作状语,注意当逻辑主语是,人的身体部位,时，如果后面的动词是vt 我们就用过去分词；如果是vi我们就用现在分词。（其实用过去分词时是因为身体部位作了它的宾语）,e.g.The boy lay on the ground，his eyes closed and his hands trembling,这个男孩躺在地上 眼睛闭着 手在发抖,现在分词 作宾补,3.现在分词作补足语，表示,正在进行,的或,主动,的动作。,只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补：,1）感官动词：,seehearwatchfeelnoticeobservekeepfindlisten tolook at,2）使役动词：havegetcatchleaveset,例如：,Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet clothes.,The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.,现在分词 作宾补,注意：要想用现在分词来作宾补，只能是用于这些词后，但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补）,*See sb./sth.done,*See sb./sth doing,The End,Title,contents,contents,Title,contents,contents,Title,contents,contents,Title,contents,contents,Title,contents,contents,现在分词,Title,contents,contents,Title,contents,contents,Title,contents,contents,Title,contents,contents,