Unit-2-Classification(ppt文档).ppt

Unit 2Classification（归类）（归类）Learning Content&Aim1.Learning Content:This unit is a project-based study on energy and pollution.2.Learning Aim:This unit is aimed at our learning to evaluate,synthesize and organize the information in the pattern of classification.Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with ClassificationNew Words:(P36)1)renewable energy source =可再生能源2)solar energy =太阳能3)geothermal energy =地热能4)hydroelectricity =水力电气5)biofuel =生物燃料Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Classification1.Approaching Classification(探讨归类探讨归类)There are generally two ways of sorting things out:1)Division(分割)Division is a way of sorting things out,whose purpose is to separate the things into different parts and which stresses the distinction between things.e.g.Literature falls into different genres such as poetry,drama,prose,fiction and so on.2)Classification(归类)Classification is another way of sorting things out,whose purpose is to classify the similar things into one category and which stresses the similarities between things.e.g.Cats,dogs and birds all belong to the class of animal.Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Classification2.Applying Classification(应用归类应用归类)*Classification is a strategy of explaining or examining a subject by organizing its components or various parts into categories,and it is a very useful way to organize complex information.*Classification is widely used in almost every aspect of our social,economic and academic life.The 3 Principles of Classification:1)Classification should be consistent(一致性),so that resulting subgroups are based on the same principle.2)Classification should be exclusive(排他性),so that resulting subgroups do not overlap.3)Classification should be complete(完整性),so that no important subgroups are omitted.Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Classification3.Reading 1 Causes for Global Warming (P36)New Words:1)be split up into=分裂成2)anthropogenic(adj.)=人为的；人类活动的3)methane gas=瓦斯（天然气、沼气/甲烷、油田气、煤矿坑道气等）4)arctic tundra and wetlands=极地苔原地带/冻原地带5)greenhouse gas=温室气体6)fossil fuel=化石燃料7)demolish(vt.)=摧毁；破坏8)eco system=生态系统9)manure(n.)=粪便10)mine(vt.)coal and oil=开采煤和石油Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Classification3.Reading 1 Causes for Global Warming Questions:(P36)1)What are the two causes of global warming?Natural causes and man-made/anthropogenic causes.2)Please classify the man-made causes of global warming according to your own knowledge.Pollution-burning fossil fuel,mining coal and oil,etc.Production of CO2-the increase of population,the demolishment of trees,etc.Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Classification3.Reading 1 Causes for Global Warming Questions:(P36)3)Why does the emission of CO2 contribute heavily to the problem of global warming?Because CO2 is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earths atmosphere.4)In your view,what are the roles of classification in our understanding of the world and in the study of our own major?How is it closely connected with definition?Classification helps us to determine and understand the relationship of the parts of a subject which is studied by us.Classification is made on the basis of a clear definition.Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Classification3.Reading 1 Causes for Global Warming Questions:(P36)5)How can you make a clear and logic classification?In order to make a clear and logic classification,we must follow the 3 principles of classification:1)Classification should be consistent(一致性),so that resulting subgroups are based on the same principle.2)Classification should be exclusive(排他性),so that resulting subgroups do not overlap.3)Classification should be complete(完整性),so that no important subgroups are omitted.Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Classification Using English to Classify(P37)1.What are 3 steps to make effective classification?1)To sort things into useful categories;2)To make sure all the categories follow a single organizing principle;3)To give examples that fit into each category.Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Classification Using English to Classify(P37)2.What is the typical classification formula?Topic+sorting criterion+category 1+category 2+category 3e.g.Literature,in terms of genres,is classified into poetry,drama,prose,fiction;while in terms of times,literature is classified into ancient literature,contemporary literature and modern literature.The following phrases are often used in classification:Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Classification Using English to Classify(P37)2.What are the phrases that are often used in classification?1)may be classified according to/on the basis of/depending on 2)The classification is based upon 3)To classify/categorize/group/divide into a number of classes/broad areas4)Various/several/the following categories/types/species/families/classes5)may be sub-divided/sub-grouped/further sub-divided Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Classification Fossil Fuels:Traditional Energy(P38)New Words:1)organic remains=有机残余物；生物遗骸2)prehistoric(adj.)=史前的3)the Earths crust=地壳4)convert A into B=将A转变成B5)carbon-containing=含碳的6)petroleum(n.)=petrol/crude oil=原油；石油7)extensively(adv.)=广泛地8)derivative(n.)=衍生物；派生物9)deplete(vi./vt.)=衰减；使衰减Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Classification Fossil Fuels:Traditional Energy(P38)The learning of this part is converted into paragraph dictation.Dictation 1:Coal is the most abundant fossil resource.It provides about one-quarter of the total energy the world uses,and 40 percent of the electricity generated worldwide is powered by coal.The steel industry also is greatly dependent upon this fossil fuel.Like other depleting sources of global energy,coal reserves are also on a steep decline.Moreover,coal is a greenhouse gas nightmare.Task 1:Familiarizing Yourself with Classification Fossil Fuels:Traditional Energy(P38)The learning of this part is converted into paragraph dictation.Dictation 2:Natural gas is comprised mostly of methane,although it also contains ethane(乙烷),propane(丙烷)and butane(丁烷).It is a convenient and efficient energy source.The major consumers of natural gas are the residential,commercial and industrial sectors.It is also used to generate electricity.Unlike other fossil fuels,natural gas is cleaner and causes less pollution.Like other fossil fuels,this resource is depleting rapidly.Task 3:Reading Classification Articles Reading 2:Renewable Energy Sources-A Brief Summary1.Work with a partner or a group of 3-4 students.Study the title of Reading 2 and discuss the following questions.(P40)1)What is the meaning of renewable energy?Can you give examples of renewable energy?Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight,wind,rain,tides,and geothermal heat,which are renewable or naturally replenished(adj.充实的；装满的).Task 3:Reading Classification Articles Reading 2:Renewable Energy Sources-A Brief Summary1.Work with a partner or a group of 3-4 students.Study the title of Reading 2 and discuss the following questions.(P40)2)Tick the content that the writer will most probably include in his essay entitled Renewable Energy Sources:a.The purpose of using renewable energy sources.b.The classification of renewable energy sources.c.Examples of different types of renewable energy sources.d.The advantages and disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.e.The history of the use of different energy sources.f.How energy is obtained from various sources.YYYYYYN Task 3:Reading Classification Articles Reading 2:Renewable Energy Sources-A Brief Summary1.Work with a partner or a group of 3-4 students.Study the title of Reading 2 and discuss the following questions.(P40)3)What would you write if you had to write an essay entitled“renewable Energy Sources”?(Open)References for you:a.The definition of the renewable energy.b.The classification of the renewable energy.c.The advantages and the disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.Task 3:Reading Classification Articles Reading 2:Renewable Energy Sources-A Brief Summary2.Read the following questions and scan Reading 2 for their answers.(P41-42)1)What can be regarded as a validation(n.批准；验证；生效)of the current efforts to find the best alternative energy sources?The signing of the Kyoto Treaty.2)What can a solar panel do?It converts the suns rays into energy.3)What is the main demerit(n.短处；缺点)of using solar energy?The main demerit is that it is limited.Task 3:Reading Classification Articles Reading 2:Renewable Energy Sources-A Brief Summary2.Read the following questions and scan Reading 2 for their answers.(P41-42)4)In history,who has harnessed(vt.治理；驾驭；利用)wind energy?Sailors,farmers and architects.5)What is the main advantage of wind energy?The main advantage is that this doesnt produce any by-products that can be harmful to the environment.6)Why is geothermal energy regarded as renewable?Because the Earths crust continuously decays(vi.衰退/衰败),replenishing(vt.使充满)the heat.Task 3:Reading Classification Articles Reading 2:Renewable Energy Sources-A Brief Summary2.Read the following questions and scan Reading 2 for their answers.(P41-42)7)Whats the working principle of todays hydroelectric plants?They use the force of the water to push the turbine(n.涡轮机)which in turn powers a generator thus generating electricity.8)Whats the possible problem with the use of hydroelectricity?It poses a problem for fish and aquatic(adj.水生的；水养的)plants on both sides of the dam.Task 3:Reading Classification Articles Reading 2:Renewable Energy Sources-A Brief Summary2.Read the following questions and scan Reading 2 for their answers.(P41-42)9)whats the nice thing about bio-fuels?They contain no petroleum,and they are nontoxic(adj.无毒的)and biodegradable(adj.可生物降解的).10)Which agency approves the use of bio-fuel?The Environmental Protection Agency.Task 3:Reading Classification Articles Reading 2:Renewable Energy Sources-A Brief Summary3.Match the target words with the definitions below.You may infer their meaning from context.(P45)1)the gradual development of something 2)relating to the sun 3)the person who designs buildings 4)relating to the heat inside the Earth 5)to save something from destruction 6)capable of being broken down by biological agents,especially bacteria 7)sending out harmful radiations(j.evolution)(s.solar)(a.architect)(l.geothermal)(p.preserve)(b.biodegradable)(r.radioactive)Task 3:Reading Classification Articles Reading 2:Renewable Energy Sources-A Brief Summary3.Match the target words with the definitions below.You may infer their meaning from context.(P45)8)any struggle or campaign for something believed to be good 9)to share something among a group of people 10)very bright 11)used in peoples homes 12)confirmation 13)machine for producing electrical energy 14)to catch (f.crusade)(h.distribute)(q.radiant)(i.domestic)(t.validation)(k.generator)(d.capture)Task 3:Reading Classification Articles Reading 2:Renewable Energy Sources-A Brief Summary3.Match the target words with the definitions below.You may infer their meaning from context.(P45)15)without any doubt 16)to put a piece of equipment somewhere 17)the act of using something 18)to control and use something 19)inside 20)the flat wide part of something that pushes against air or water (g.definitely)(n.install)(e.consumption)(m.harness)(o.internal)(c.blade)Task 3:Reading Classification Article Reading 2:Renewable Energy Sources-A Brief Summary4.Reading Strategy-Scanning for Specific Information Quickly(P42)#What does scanning refer to?Scanning refers to reading through material quickly to find specific information.#How to scan?a.To run your eyes over text or information to pull out specific words,phrases,or data.b.To concentrate on finding a particular answer to a question that you know in advance.c.To look for the use of organizers such as numbers,letters,steps,or the words like first,second,or next.d.To look for words that are bold faced,italics,or in a different font size,style,or color.e.To notice the key words that are put in the margin.Task 4:Writing an Essay of Classification Reading 4:Types of SustainabilityNew Words:1.Sustainability(n.)=possibility of maintaining=可持续性2.Entirety(n.)=integrity=完整性3.Reproductive health=生殖健康4.Safe childbearing=安全分娩5.Rearing(n.)=抚养；养育；饲养6.Regenerate(vt.)=使再生7.Civil society=公民社会；民间团体8.Maintenance of laws=对法律的维持9.Adherence to laws=对法律的遵守10.Common good=共同利益11.Deplete(vi.)=be used up=被耗尽Task 4:Writing an Essay of Classification Reading 4:Types of Sustainability 1.Fill in the blanks to complete the main ideas and the supporting details.(P54)Part I.-Paragraph AClassification of sustainability:human,economic,social,and environmental.It is vital to understand the differences of each in terms of its nature and requirements.Task 4:Writing an Essay of Classification Reading 4:Types of Sustainability 1.Fill in the blanks to complete the main ideas and the supporting details.(P54)Part II.-Paragraph BDefinition of human sustainability:good productive health and safe childbearing.Elements involved:For parents:caring for their children,giving them access to proper education,and promoting their health and well-being(幸福).For children:having enough skills and knowledge.Task 4:Writing an Essay of Classification Reading 4:Types of Sustainability 1.Fill in the blanks to complete the main ideas and the supporting details.(P54)Part II.-Paragraph CDefinition of economic sustainability:having a set amount of capital for a certain period.Explanation(relation between preservation and consumption):We must preserve all our sources as we consume them.Task 4:Writing an Essay of Classification Reading 4:Types of Sustainability 1.Fill in the blanks to complete the main ideas and the supporting details.(P54)Part II.-Paragraph DWhy social capital is important:It is through communities and civil societies that humankind can easily and inexpensively work together.Explanation(how to achieve it):Through proper maintenance of and adherence to laws,rules,and values that societies have developed for the common good,social sustainability can be achieved.Task 4:Writing an Essay of Classification Reading 4:Types of Sustainability 1.Fill in the blanks to complete the main ideas and the supporting details.(P54)Part II.-Paragraph E-FWhy environmental sustainability is important:It involves natural resources that human beings need for economic or manufactured capital.Elements involved:Natural resources:Materials taken from nature are used for solutions that address(vt.满足)human needs.Waste emissions:They must be at volumes that nature can handle.Task 4:Writing an Essay of Classification How to develop and organize a structured classification essay?(P52)1)A clear identification of your subject-in the introductory paragraph.a.Providing some specific descriptive or informative details to attract the readers immediately.b.Suggesting the purpose of the essay.c.Including a thesis sentence(the main idea of the whole essay=中心思想句)identifying the main types briefly.Task 4:Writing an Essay of ClassificationHow to develop and organize a structured classification ess