正常青少年的焦虑和抑郁症状与自己和父母报告其行为抑制之间的关系.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Personality,and,Individual Differences,人格与个体差异,I F:1.861,Relationships between child-and parent-reported behavioural inhibition and symptoms of anxiety and depression in normal adolescents,正常青少年的焦虑和抑郁症状与自己和父母报告其行为抑制之间的关系,Behavioural inhibition can be regarded as a temperamental trait which is characterised by the tendency of children and adolescents to be unusually shy and to react with fear and withdrawal in novel and/or unfamiliar social situations(Kagan,1997).,行为抑制可以作为一种气质特性，是儿童和青少年的一种倾向性特质，在在新颖,/,不熟悉的社会情境中通常会表现出害羞，出现恐惧的反应和退缩,(Kagan,1997),1,、问题提出,Research has shown that youths who are behaviourally inhibited seem to be at increased risk for developing anxiety disorders,。,children initially identified as behaviourally inhibited were subsequently more likely to develop anxiety disorders compared to control children,有研究就表明行为抑制的青年会有更大的风险出现焦虑障碍。如果是儿童时期表现为行为抑制，那么相比控制组，在随后更有可能患有焦虑障碍。,Most behavioural inhibition studies have employed extensive laboratory procedures to assess behavioural and physiological features of the inhibited temperament in relatively young children.,大多数行为抑制的研究是应用的是实验程序来评估相对较小的儿童抑制气质的行为和生理特征。,Inspired by the work of Reznick et al.(1992)and Gest(1997),Muris,Merckelbach,Wessel,and Van de Ven(1999)recently developed the Behavioural Inhibition Instrument(BII),a self-report instrument for assessing behavioural inhibition in older children.,而,Reznick et al.(1992)and Gest(1997),Muris,Merckelbach,Wessel,and Van de Ven(1999),他们编制了自我报告方式来评估行为抑制的工具即,Behavioural Inhibition Instrument(BII),来评估年龄较大一点的儿童。,So far,two studies have used the BII in order to examine the connection between behavioural inhibition and symptoms of anxiety disorders and depression in children and adolescents,到目前为止，只有两个研究使用,BII,来研究儿童和青少年的行为抑制和焦虑障碍、抑郁症状之间的关系,。,While previous studies(Muris et al.,1999,2001)solely relied on youths,self-report,the present investigation also assessed behaviouralinhibition and symptoms of anxiety and depression from the parents,point of view.The current study further investigated the relationship between behavioural inhibition as indexed by the BII and symptoms of anxiety and depression,。,然而以前的研究,(Muris et al.,1999,2001),只是单独的依赖于青少年自我报告，当前调查也从父母的视角来评估儿童的行为抑制和焦虑和抑郁的症状。所以当前的研究想进一步通过,BII,指标来调查行为抑制和焦虑、抑郁症状之间的关系。,In addition,parents were invited to complete parent,versions of the BII and RCADS(see later)and to return materials in a sealed envelope.,而且，父母被要请完成父母版本的,BII,和,RCADS,（修订版本的焦虑抑郁量表）和使用封口的信封来返回材料。,Eventually,due to missing data and children being absent at the class assessment,data of 310 parents,297 adolescents,and 280 parent,adolescent pairs were collected.The total group of adolescents(N=327;149 boys and 178 girls)had a mean age of 12.7 years(SD=0.6,range 1115 years,99%of the adolescents was aged 1214 years).,最终，由于数据丢失和儿童没有参与教室的评估，共收集到,310,名父母，,297,名青少年和,280,名父母青少年配对的数据。前少年,(N=327;149,男生 和,178,女生,),的平均年龄在,12.7,岁,(SD=0.6,范围,11,15,岁,99%,青少年的年龄在,12,14,岁,),。,The RCADS is an adaptation of the Spence Children,s Anxiety Scale(SCAS;Spence,1997,1998)and attempts to assess symptoms of DSM-defined anxiety disorders and major depression.,RCADS,是一个修订的适合测量儿童焦虑的量表,(SCAS;Spence,1997,1998),，和试图去评估,DSM,定义的焦虑障碍和主要抑郁症状。,The scale consists of 47 items that can be allocated to six subscales:social phobia,、,panic disorder,、,major depressive disorder,、,separation anxiety disorder,、,generalised anxiety disorder,、,obsessive-compulsive disorder,。,Items have to be scored on a four-point scale with 0=never,1=sometimes,2=often,and 3=always.RCADS subscale scores and a total anxiety score can be obtained by summing across relevant items.,量表包含,47,个条目，分为,6,个维度：社会恐怖症（,9,个条目）、恐慌症（,9,个条目）,重度抑郁症（,10,个条目）、分离焦虑症（,7,个条目）,一般性焦虑症（,6,个条目）,强迫症,-,冲动障碍（,6,个条目）,.,问卷为四点量表（,0-4,），,0=,不,1=,有时,2=,经常,3=,总是。,RCADS,维度分数和总焦虑分的总和为相关项目的总分。,Parent versions of BII and RCADS,（父母版本的,BII,和,RCADS,）,The parent versions of the BII and the RCADS(i.e.BII-P and RCADS-P)were identical to the child versions of these measures,except that items/descriptions were rephrased in terms of the parents,perspective.,父母版本的,BII,和,RCADS,是相对于儿童版本而言，除了了项目用父母的视角来描述，其他一样。,3,、,1General findings,（一般发现）,First,questionnaires were reliable in terms of internal consistency.That is,all Cronbach,s alphaswere well above 0.60(Table 1).,第一，所有问卷的内部一致性系数都高于,0.6,，是可信的。,(Table 1).,3,、结果,Second,no substantial gender differences were found:girls reported somewhat higher levels of separation anxiety disorder symptoms than boys,means being 1.9(SD=2.1)versus 1.4(SD=1.8)t(295)=2.0,P0.05,but when applying a Bonferroni correction this difference no longer attained statistical significance.,第二，没有发现实质的性别差异：女孩在一定程度上要比男生在分离性焦虑上分要高,1.9(SD=2.1)VS 1.4(SD=1.8),，,t(295)=2.0,P0.05,，但是用,Bonferroni,矫正后不再存在统计显著性。,3.2.Correspondence between child-and parent-reported behavioural inhibition,（儿童,-,父母报告行为抑制之间的相关）,Correlations between child-and parent-reported behavioural inhibition as indexed by the BIS were positive but modest,with rs between 0.44 and 0.49(all Ps0.001;Table 1).,儿童,-,父母报告行为抑制之间的,BIS,指标为正相关但是都是中度相关。相关系数在,0.44-0.49,Furthermore,paired t-tests indicated that parents reported higher levels of social phobia and separation anxiety disorder symptoms for their children than children themselves,。,而且，配对样本检验，发现父母报告要你孩子自己报告更好水平的社会恐惧和分离性焦虑。,3.4.Relationships between child-reported behavioural inhibition and anxiety/depression,（儿童报告行为抑制和焦虑,/,抑郁的关系,）,First,Pearson correlations were computed between the child version of the BIS and RCADS and RCADS-P scores,第一，皮尔逊相关分析来比较儿童版本的,BIS,、,RCADS,和,RCADS-P,分数,3.5.Relationships between parent-reported behavioural inhibition and anxiety/depression,（父母报告行为抑制和焦虑,/,抑郁的关系）,3.6.Relative predictive validity of child-and parent-reported behavioural inhibition to symptoms of anxiety and depression,（儿童,-,父母报告行为抑制预测焦虑,/,抑郁症状）,child-reported anxiety and depression were best predicted by child-reported behavioural inhibition,whereas parent-reported anxiety and depression were best predicted by parent-reported behavioural inhibition.,儿童报告的行为抑制可以很好的预测儿童报告的焦虑,/,抑郁症状；父母报告的儿童的行为抑制可以很好的预测父母报告儿童的焦虑,/,抑郁症状,In only two of the regression analyses child-and parent-reported behavioural inhibition both accounted for a unique and significant proportion of the variance.,两个关于儿童,-,父母报告行为抑制都可以显著的解释一个部分变化,。,Laboratory observations have shown that behavioural inhibition is present in 10,15%of children who manifest this behavioural pattern in its extreme(see Turner et al.,1996),实验室的观察表明行为抑制在,10,15%,儿童群体上存在，显示这种行为抑制的广泛存在的,。,4,、讨论,The present data nicely illustrate the relatively poor agreement between parent and child report with regard to the assessment of interna lising symptoms such as anxiety and depression(e.g.Rapee,Barrett,Dadds,&Evans,1994).,当前的数据非常漂亮的阐明了相关的不一致在父母和儿童报告评价相关的焦虑,/,抑郁症状。,Agreement between adolescents and their parents for behavioural inhibition was also rather modest.On the one hand,this may indicate that behavioural inhibition not only has clear-cut observable features,but also has more covert emotional and cognitive components.,行为抑制只显示出中等程度，这表明行为抑制不仅有清晰可观察的特征，而且还存在更多的隐藏的情绪和认知成分。,Thus,it remains possible that behavioural inhibition,not only serves as an antecedent for anxiety disorders,but also is directly involved in the aetiology ofchildhood depression.Another possibility is that the connection between behavioural inhibition and depression is carried by anxiety.,因此，可能行为抑制不仅在焦虑障碍之前，而且，他也直接涉及到儿童抑郁的病因学。另一种可能是行为抑制和抑郁的链接是有焦虑在中间起作用。,第一、当前测量的行为抑制排除了社会情境的行为抑制,第二，,BII,评价当前和过去的害羞和儿童社会抑制，工具并没有考虑到这是一些儿童获得的特征。,第三，只是简单用问卷分数来评估焦虑,/,抑郁水平,第四、应该从横向研究来进一步的证明儿童,-,父母报告行为抑制对焦虑和抑郁的预测力。,第五、被试的年龄范围过小,5,、不足,Taken together,the present data provide further support for the notion that behavioural inhibition plays a role in the aetiology of childhood anxiety disorders,总的来说，当前的数进一步的支持了行为抑制在儿童的焦虑障碍其中重要的角色。,6,、结论,本研究虽然是一个简单的相关研究而且所有的过程都和前人研究相似，但是作者有自己的创新之处在于，在变量选择上加入父母评价。同时在数据分析上下了功夫。,这个研究也给我们其实行为抑制并不是一个有效的调节策略，当我们遇到事情不放使用行为表达或许更好，我们也可以做一些相关研究。,7,、评价,