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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,大学英语六级翻译1,大学英语六级翻译1大学英语六级翻译1,纵观近年四、六级考试的改革,在作文之外又增加了翻译。,这还是和中国的崛起和国际化进程的加快密不可分的,就是过去我们侧重于理解世界,而今天我们侧重于让世界理解中国。所以在老四、六级中,重点是听力,阅读等侧重于我们去理解英文,理解世界的能力测试。而在新四、六级中,作文也好,汉译英也罢,其实目的是测试我们向世界介绍中国的语言能力。,2,一、,认知英语六级翻译的题型,二、,认知英语六级翻译的评分标准,三、,领悟和掌握英语翻译遵循的原则,四、,六级翻译样题练习,五、,译文交流及教师点评,本章教学内容,3,样题:,中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日,在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节(,the Lantern Festival,),即从农历(,lunar calendar,)最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异,但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚,一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运,家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联(,couplets,),对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。,注意:此部分试题请在答题卡,2,上作答。,一、,认知英语六级翻译的题型,4,翻译为段落翻译,内含多个(,5,个左右)长句子,四级和六级翻译差别只是在字数上,四级长度为,140-160,个汉字;六级长度为,180-200,个汉字。,可能含有生词(有时有译文),翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等,句式比之四级就相对复杂,能不能厘清中文原意就是个考验。,四级考察的表达相对比较常规,而六级的句式,语法等要求都要比四级高。,题型,特征,5,本题满分为,15,分,成绩分为六个档次:,13-15,分、,10-12,分、,7-9,分、,4-6,分、,1-3,分和,0,分。各档次的评分标准见下表:,二、,认知英语六级翻译的评分标准,6,档次,评 分 标 准,13-15,分,译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切,行 文流畅,基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错。,10-12,分,译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯,无重大语言错误。,7-9,分,译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确,语言错误相当多,其中有些是严重语言错误。,4-6,分,译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确,有相当多的严重语言错误。,1-3,分,译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子,绝大部分文字没有表达原文意思。,0,分,未作答,或只有几个孤立的词,或译文及原文毫不相关。,7,小时候把English读为“应该累死”的同学成了公司职员,读为“应给利息”的同学成了银行行长,读为“阴沟里洗”的同学成了小菜贩子,读为“因果关系”的同学成了哲学家,读为“硬改历史”的同学成了政治家,读为“英国里去”的同学成了海外华侨.而我不小心读成了“鹦哥练习”,结果成了学校老师。,三、,领悟和掌握英语翻译遵循的原则,8,政治,宗教,经济,文化,1.purpose of translation,翻译的应用,9,翻译的贡献,10,1.,本族语到外族语、外族语到本族语,2.,语内翻译、语际翻译、符际翻译,3.,口译、笔译、机器翻译,4.,专业翻译、文学翻译、一般性翻译,5.,全译、摘译、编译,2.,分类,11,1)所谓翻译,是把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来的语言转换过程或结果。(P.1),2)翻译是把一种语言(即原语)的信息用另一种语言(即译语)表达出来,使译文读者能得到原作者所表达的思想,得到及原文读者大致相同的感受。,3.,Definition of Translation,翻译的定义,12,有真正,完全对等的翻译吗?,13,ST producer encoding ST discourse decoding translator,encoding TT decoding TT reader,British sociologist Stuart Hall,meaning structure 1,meaning structure 2,meaning structure 3,meaning structure 4,14,Eve was created from Adams rib,Genesis,old testament,Jew,Hebrew,希伯来文,Sumerian,闪米特语,“ti”:rib or life giving,when Adam was ill,he was given a life-giving lady,15,Is the paradise good?Do you want to go there?,martyrs:,烈士、人肉炸弹,Muslim,Koran,可兰经:,martyrs will go to the paradise and get 72 black eyed girls,Arabic-Aramaic,阿拉米语,原文,martyrs will go to the paradise and get 72,hur,grape,天堂真的那么好吗?,16,假洋鬼子,抗日战争,-,翻译官,Translators are traitors.(翻译即叛徒),Italian saying,What do you think about these phrases?,排外,狭隘名族主义,Sacred own language,本国语言圣神化,17,Public presentation language,18,Renmin Ribao(Peoples Daily),riot or demonstration,19,Rioting Blacks shot dead by police,20,在国外鳄鱼观赏点,有一警示标记牌,上写着:,“,The last one is delicious,bring me another one!”,21,“鳄鱼伤人,禁止入内!”,英语的幽默已荡然无存!,22,为什么要标准?,4.,标准,23,翻译过程的标准,,ISO9001,:,2000,24,25,翻译结果的标准,19,世纪末,严复:“信(,faithfulness),、达,(expressiveness),、雅,(elegance)”.,Faithfulness being faithful to the original;,Expressiveness being explicit and smooth;,Elegance being elegant in words;,26,1.,译出语为取向,赛珍珠,牛奶路的讨论,赛珍珠,水浒传的翻译,27,E.g.Scholars talk about books,butchers about pigs.,秀才谈书,屠户谈猪。,Strike while the iron is hot.,趁热打铁。,28,2.,译入语为取向,功能对等,ST:,接天下客,送万里情,Back translation:We meet guests all over the world,send our friendly feeling to our guests.,TT:Give you a pleasant ride all the way!,29,E.g.A pennys worth of quality,a pennys worth of price.,一分钱,一分货。,A penny wise,a penny foolish.,捡了芝麻,丢了西瓜。,30,3.,作者和读者为取向,1898,年,严复,:“,信、达、雅”标准,鲁迅:翻译:一,当然力求其易解,一则保存原作的丰姿。,31,4.,美学为取向,庞德,Ezra Pound,Taking Leave of a FriendBlue mountains to the north of the walls,White river winding about them;Here we must make separationAnd go out through a thousand miles of dead grass.Mind like a floating wide cloud,Sunset like the parting of old acquaintancesWho bow over their clasped hands at a distance.Our horses neigh to each others as we are departing.,李白,送友人,青山横北郭,白水绕东城。,此地一为别,孤蓬万里征。,浮云游子意,落日故人情。,挥手自兹去,萧萧班马鸣。,32,1,、,Pronunciation,语音的局限性,E.g.,1.-what keys are too big to carry in your pocket?,A donkey,a monkey,and a turkey.,2.-Why are you never hungry when you play on a beach?,Because of the sand which is there.,5.,翻译的局限性举例,33,2,、,Rhyme and Rhythm,音韵节奏的局限性,“诗不能译,译就是毁灭。一经翻译,原诗的音调、韵律、词藻等诗歌的生命便烟消云散了。”,思果,译者的十字架,许渊冲的译诗主张:“音美、意美、形美”,34,3、Vocabulary 词汇的局限性,-古词(如thee,thou),-方言(will ye-oo py me fthem?),-外来语(如法语),“I imagine you did not come here to discuss,dcor,.”,35,4、Rhetoric 修辞的局限性(如双关、歇后语等)A ghost went into a pub,asking:“Do you serve spirits?,36,样题:,中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日,在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节(,the Lantern Festival,),即从农历(,lunar calendar,)最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异,但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚,一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运,家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联(,couplets,),对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。,4.,六级翻译样题练习,37,关键词语,术语翻译,句子衔接连贯性的问题,语法错误,译文交流及教师点评,38,中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日,在中国也被称为春节。,Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese festival.In China,it is also known as the Spring Festival.,1,39,新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节(,the Lantern Festival,),即从农历(,lunar calendar,)最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。,New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Years Eve,the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar,to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month.,2,40,各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异,但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚,一起吃年夜饭。,Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place.However,New Years Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.,3,41,为驱厄运、迎好运,家家户户都会进行大扫除。,It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck.,4,42,人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联(,couplets,),对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。,And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health,wealth and good luck.,5,43,其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。,Other activities include lighting firecrackers,giving money in red envelopes,and visiting relatives and friends.,6,44,Test 1:,西安是我国黄河流域古代文明的重要发源地之一,及雅典、罗马、开罗并称为世界四大古都。西安古称长安,距今已有,3,000,多年的历史。自西周时起一直到唐代,先后有,12,个王朝在这里建都,历经,2,000,余年。汉、唐两代更是西安的鼎盛时期。汉代的长安城相当于古罗马城的,3,倍,唐代的长安城则为汉长安城的,2.4,倍,人口多达百万以上。中华人民共和国成立后,西安一直是西北的政治中心和陕西省省会所在地。,段落翻译练习,45,关键词语,术语翻译,句子衔接连贯性的问题,语法错误,译文交流及教师点评,46,本文是对西安这座城市的简介,属于说明文。译文应采用较为正式的语言风格,时态主要为一般现在时。要注意西安(,Xian,)和长安(,Changan,)的英文表达,两个字之间要用单引号隔开。,47,1.,句拆分成两句翻译。第一句中“是,之一”用“,one of.”,,“发源地”译作“,birthplace”,,“黄河流域”译作“,the drainage area of the Yellow River”,。第二句是个常见句型,考生可熟记,“,A,及,B,、,C,、,D,并称为,”,译作“,A,together with B,C and D,is called.”,,其中“世界四大古都”译作“,the worlds four great ancient capitals”,。,2.,句拆分成两句翻译。第一句中的“西安”第二次提到,可用“,it”,指代,“古称,”,译作“,was called.in the ancient time”,。第二句中的“有,年历史”译作“,has.years of history”,或“,has a history of.years”,。,3.,句用现在完成时,其中“自,到,”,用“,from.to.”,,因本文主题词即是“西安”,本句应转换思维将“西安”译作主语,“先后有,12,个王朝在这里建都”即“西安先后是,12,个王朝的首都”,译作“,Xian has been the capital of 12 dynasties”,。,48,4.,句较容易,在涉及历史朝代的短文里经常会出现类似“鼎盛时期”或“盛世”这样的词语,可用“,zenith,”或“,golden age,”来表达。,5.,句拆分成两句翻译。其中“,X,代的长安”译作“,Changan in the X Dynasty”,。第一句中“相当于,的,3,倍”译作“,2 times larger than.”,。第二句中“为,的,2.4,倍”是说“长安城的面积、规模”,因此译作“,2.4 times the size of.”,,要增译出“,size”,。“人口多达百万以上”译作,with,短语。,6.,句用现在完成时,其中的“(自从)中华人民共和国成立后”在历史题材的短文中也经常出现,译作“,since the foundation of the Peoples Republic of China”,,考生可熟记。,49,Xian is one of the important birthplaces of ancient civilization in the drainage area of the Yellow River.Xian,together with Athens,Rome and Cairo,is called one of the worlds four great ancient capitals.It was called Changan in the ancient time.It has over 3,000 years of history.From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty,Xian has been the capital of 12 dynasties for over 2,000 years.The Han and the Tang dynasties are considered the zenith of Xian.Changan in the Han Dynasty was 2 times larger than ancient Rome.Changan in the Tang Dynasty was 2.4 times the size of the Han Changan,with over one million residents.Since the foundation of the Peoples Republic of China,Xian has been the political center of Northwest China and the capital of Shanxi Province.,50,Test 6:,四合院(,Siheyuan,)是中国传统民居中最重要的形式。它数量多、分布广,在汉族、满族、白族以及其他少数民族中十分流行。大多数房屋采用木质框架。主屋建在南北走向的轴线上,两个厢房则位于四合院的两侧。家庭中的长者住在主屋中,而两翼则是年轻一代的卧室。妇女住在内院。客人和男仆住在外院。这种分布符合封建礼制。四合院遍布全国的城乡,但由于各地自然条件和生活方式各有不同,因此发展出各自的特征。北京的四合院是最具代表性的。,段落翻译练习,51,关键词语,术语翻译,句子衔接连贯性的问题,语法错误,译文交流及教师点评,52,本文主要介绍中国的四合院,为说明文。译文语言风格应为较为正式的说明性语言,时态主要为一般现在时。,53,1.,句中“,中最,的,”,译作“,the+,最高级,+,名词单数,+of”,结构。,2.,句中“数量多”译作“,great in number”,,“分布广”译作“,wide in distribution”,,“在,中十分流行”译作“,popular among”,。,3.,句中“采用,”,表示物品的材料特点,译作“,be of”,。,4.,句中“主屋”译作“,the principle room”,,“厢房”译作“,wing room”,,该句中“四合院”可用,it,指代,因上文已经提到过。,5.,句译作并列句,前后两个分句用,and,连接,“长者”译作“,elder,”,本句要注意主谓一致。,54,6.,句注意主谓一致,其中“内院”译作“,the inner yard”,。,7.,句注意主谓一致,其中“外院”译作“,the outer yard”,,可及“内院”一同记忆;“男仆”译作“,male servant”,,举一反三可知,如出现“女仆”应译作“,female servant”,。,8.,句中“符合”译作“,be in accordance with”,,“封建礼制”译作“,the feudal regulations”,。,9.,句译作并列句,前后两个分句用,but,连接。其中“城乡”译作“,towns and villages”,,“由于,”,译作“,as a result of”,。,10.,句中“北京的四合院”译作“,Siheyuan in Beijing”,。,55,Siheyuan is the most important form of Chinese traditional residential houses.It is great in number,wide in distribution,and popular among the Han,Manchu,Bai,and some of other ethnic minorities.Most of the houses are of wood framework.The principle room is built on the south-north axis,and two wing rooms are located on both sides of it.The family elders live in the principal room and wings are the bedrooms for the younger generation.Women live in the inner yard.Guests and male servants live in the outer yard.This distribution is in accordance with the feudal regulations.Siheyuan spreads over towns and villages throughout China,but each developed its own characteristics as a result of respective natural conditions and different ways of life.Siheyuan in Beijing is the most representative.,56,谢谢!,
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