初中现在完成时讲解练习.doc

现在完成时精讲和专练I. 定义：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可以表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态II. 现在完成时的结构肯定句：have/has+ done (过去分词) 否定句：主语+have/has+not+ done (过去分词)+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+ done (过去分词)+其他.简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。III. 现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响, 现在完成时通常和，ever, never, twice（once）, so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in the past/last few years（在过去几年） , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）, recently（近来） 等词连用说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如：I have already finished my homework. I havent finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?They have left. (他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)I have had my lunch. (我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿)I cant find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手。for+时段 since+过去一个时间点（过去 从句）为标志注意： 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用IV. 现在完成时的用法A表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。例如： The car has arrived.车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）B. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。例如： My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。 How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？ 注意：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）。例如： (1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。 错误：I have bought the book for three months. 正确：I have had the book for three months. (2)你哥哥参军多长时间了？ 错误：How long has your brother joined the army? 正确：How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier?延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换 7leave - be away borrow - keep buy - have die - be dead begin/start - be on finish - be over fall ill -be illget up-be up catch a cold - have a cold put on wearcome/become/go - be here fall asleep - be asleep get to/ arrive/reach - be (in) get to know - know join-be a member of . (成为的一员) open -be openclose -be closed用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为“for时间段”或“since时间点”。如：He has been in the Green China for three years.He has been a member of the Green China for three years.他加入“绿色中国”已经三年了。 The old man died 4 years ago.- The old man has been dead for 4 years.He joined the Party 2 years ago.- He has been in the Party for 2 years.I bought the book 5 days ago.- I have had the book for 5 days. 表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间(for 2 years), since+从句(since he came here), since+时间点名词( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。V. 现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别 1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：ago, last week/.In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday .Then(那时),that day, one day, once(从前)现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever, never, twice, so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in the past/last few years , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. VI. 比较since和forsince 后接时间点， for后接时间段，试比较：I have lived here for more than twenty years.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949.I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.VII. 比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been inhave(has) been to.表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用。have(has) gone to表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经)到/去过上海.(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里)Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了语法练习I. 延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化1.He died 10 years ago. He _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He _the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. He _the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago.He _here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. The light _for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. He _from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. The film _ for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. The door _ for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. The door _for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. He _ a _ for a year. He _ the army for a year. It _ a year _ he joined the army. II. 单项选择。( )1. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written ( )2. Have you met Mr. Li _？. Just . ago .before .a moment ago( )3. How long have you _ here ? About two months . been . gone . come . arrived( )4. Our country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better. changed; better ( )5. _ you _ your homework yet ?Yes. I _ it a moment ago.Did; do; finished .Have; done; finished.Have; done; have finished . will; do; finish( )6. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew( )7. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ twice. will see . have seen . saw .see( )8. These farmers have been to the United States .Really? When _ there ?. will they go .did they go . do they go . have they gone ( )9. Zhou Lang _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are; studying( )10. His father _ the Party since 1998 .joined . has joined . was in . has been in( )11. Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made( )12. He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ?. already .never .ever . still( )13. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on . began( )14. It _ ten years since he left the army . Is . has . will . was( )15. Miss Green isnt in the office. She_ to the library.has gone . went .will go . has been( )16. My parents _ Shandong for ten years. have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been( )17. The students have cleaned the classroom, _? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they( )18. has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived ( )19. His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university二、句型转换。1、He has never surfed, _ ?（改成附加疑问句） 2、They have been here since 2001. (提问) _ have they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He _for a year. (die) （动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Green left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Green _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .三、汉译英。1、他昨天收到一封信。_2、我父亲以前到过长城。_4、她去过上海。_5、他这些天上哪儿去了？_现在完成时练习 ：一、 单项选择。10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made21.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away22. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in23.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened24.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become26.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over27.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught30. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead31. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept32.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 33.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been35.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take40.- How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep二、 句型转换。1、He has never surfed, _?（改成反意疑问句） 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory _ for twenty years.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.一、用过去时或现在完成时填空：1. “_ you _ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”“When _ you _ (have) it?” “I _ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”4. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.9. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum.10. _ you ever _ (drink) coke?11.Have you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I _ .”“Where_ you _(buy) it?” “ I _(buy) it in a bookstore.”“When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”二、用since和for填空1. _ two years 2._ two years ago 3. _ last month 4._ 1999 5._ yesterday 6. _ 4 oclock 7. _ 4 hours 9. _ we were children 11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. Ive known him _ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.15. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.16. Its about ten years _ she left the city.三、用have/has been to/in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country. 2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back. 4) How long _ have _ this village?5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years. 6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9) When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _ the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ the zoo. 12) He often _ swimming.13) _ you _ there last year? 14) _ they often _ skating in winter?四、综合练习:I. 用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空1. I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has _ finished his homework _ an hour ago.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school _ ten years.4. “Have you _ seen the film?” “No, I have _ seen it.”5. “Has the bus left _?” “Yes, it has _ left.”