初中反身代词讲解及练习.doc

反身代词专项讲解
反身代词，又称为自身代词，表示动作行为反射到行为执行者本身。还可以在句中起到强调的作用，用以加强语气。 

注意：oneself与himself
当one指人时，其相应的反身代词通常用oneself, 在美国英语中也可用himself
如：One should not praise oneself [himself]. 一个人不应该自吹自擂。

【用法展现】
1、 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。 
如：Maria bought herself a scarf.   玛丽亚给自己买了一条围巾。
       We must look after ourselves very well.  我们必须好好照顾自己。

2、 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。
如：You can go and ask the writer himself.你可以去问他本人。
如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow.  明天她自己将要坐飞机去伦敦。
反身代词本身不能单独作主语，但是它可以作主语同位语，放在主语后或句末。:如：我亲自去了电影院。误：Myself went to the cinema.正：I went to the cinema myself.
反身代词表示“某人自己”，不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。
表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用one’s own.
如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）I’m drawing with myself crayons.
                                (正)  I’m drawing with my own crayons.

3、 反身代词可以作介词的宾语。如：Nobody, she learned it all by herself.没人教，她自学的。I mended the bike by myself.我独自修的自行车。She said to herself: ”what's wrong with my eyes?”她自言自语地说，“我的眼睛怎么啦？”Don't always think of yourself.别总是想着你自己。

4、 反身代词作动词的宾语。一般放在像这样的动词的后面：enjoy, help, hurt, teach, wash, look after, get dressed, buy等。如：Did you enjoy yourselves at the weekend? 你们周末玩得开心吗？He teaches himself English at home.他在家自学英语. “Help yourselves to some fish .children。”“ 孩子们，随便吃一些鱼 。” He can buy himself a lot of nice things.他可以给自己买好多好东西。

5、 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。
   如：I'm not quite myself today. 我今天情绪不好。
He doesn't seem himself this morning.今天上午他似乎不舒服。
【说明】有时用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态：
I’m not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。
I’ll be myself again in no time. 我过一会儿就会好的。

6、 用在某些固定短语当中
与典型介词搭配，构成固定短语，表达特定含义。
1) (all) by oneself 单独地
When I was young, I had to make a living all by myself.
Would you go there by yourself?
2) to oneself 独自享用
When he eats in a restaurant, he likes a table to himself.
3) for oneself 为自己；独自
One shouldn’t live for himself alone.
You must find it out for yourself.
4) of oneself自动地
The door opened of itself.
5) between ourselves私下里
Just between ourselves, I don’t think much of him.
6) in oneself本身
The materials in themselves were not poisonous.
7) beside oneself喜怒时发狂
She was beside herself with joy.
8) by itself自然地
The machine will start by itself in a few seconds.

3. 与典型动词搭配，构成固定短语。
1) be not oneself身体不好
2) enjoy oneself玩得很痛快
3) help oneself to sth. 随便吃
Please help yourself to some fish.
4) teach oneself sth.自学 / learn sth. by oneself自学
When he was young, he taught himself advanced mathematics.
5) accustom oneself to 习惯于
He quickly accustomed himself to this new way of life.
6) devote oneself to致力于
I am determined to devote myself to the cause of education.
7) adapt oneself to适应
She quickly adapted herself to the new climate.
8) adjust oneself to调整；适应
The body quickly adjusts itself to changes in temperature.
9) behave oneself举止得体
Please behave yourselves.
10) dress oneself穿衣服
He is too young to dress himself.
11) seat oneself就坐
He seated himself in the chair and began to read the novel.
12) make oneself heard / understood / seen / known / believed
让自己被（别人）听见/听懂/看见/认识/相信
He raised his voice to make himself heard by all.
13) find oneself无意识中发现自己
At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade.
14) express oneself清楚表达自己的意思
He is still unable to express himself in English.
15) talk to oneself自言自语
16) come to oneself 苏醒
17) look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己  
hurt oneself摔伤自己   
say to oneself自言自语  
lose oneself in 沉浸于，陶醉于……之中
leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下   
buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西 
introduce oneself 介绍……自己 
反身代词练习题
一．选择。
1. Those girls enjoyed ____ in the party last night.
A. them B. they C. themselves D. herself
2. Help ____ to some fish, children.
A. yourself B. your C. yours D. yourselves
3. The film ____ is very fun.
A. it’s B. itself C. it D. its
4. –Who teaches ____ math? –I teach ______.
A. your, myself B. you, myself C. you, me D. you, herself
5. The father will make ____ a bike ____.
A. her, himself B. she, himself C. her, herself D. she, herself
6. The scarf is ____, she made it_____.
A. herself, her B. herself, hers C. hers, herself D. her, herself
7. Liu Hulan’s death was great. She thought more of others than ______. A. her B. she C. hers D. herself
8. Luckily, he didn’t hurt ____ terribly yesterday.
A. him B. themselves C. himself D. they
9. I can’t mend my shoe _____. Can you mend it for ?
A. myself, me B. myself, I C. me, I D. I, me
10. I like watching in the mirror.
A. me B. I C. my D. Myself
11.   Hi, Judy.  — Hi, Jason. Come in. Make ________ at home.
A.  yourself         B. us                     C.  yourselves      D.  you    
12.   Mum often warns the boy ________ swim ________ in the sea because it’s dangerous.
A. don’t, alone         B. not, by himself   C. not to, by himself  D. not to, lonely 
13.    Li Lei and Lin Tao are working harder than before to improve ________.
       A. themselves      B. himself            C. their                D. theirs
14.       Yesterday I saw ________ enjoy ________ in the park.
       A. her, hers            B. they, them           C. She, herself       D. them, themselves
15.    It was not good for the mother to leave her little son all by ________.
       A. yourself              B. himself                 C. herself                       D. itself
16.    Mary makes all ______ dresses.
       A. herself                       B. herself’s               C. hers                    D. her own
17.    Don’t be worried. She will come ______ very soon.
       A. by herself            B. to herself                 C. back herself         D. all to herself
二、根据上下文用适当的代词填空：
1.         Mary finished __________ work all by __________.
2.         Mum is out, so we have to look after __________.
3.         “Help __________ to the fruit!” I said to the twins.
4.         I have brought _________ lunch here. Have _________ brought _________, John?
5.         Did they introduce __________ to you?  — Yes, and so did __________.
6.         Lucy fell off __________ bike this morning, but __________ didn’t hurt __________ very badly.
7.         Do you live __________ __________, Sam?  — No, I live with __________ parents.
8.         Do you wash ________everyday?  — Yes, I do.
9.         Who cooks food for __________ as breakfast?  — Nobody. I cook it __________.
10.     Did you learn it English __________ __________?  — Yes, I taught ________.

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