高考非谓语讲解(含解题技巧).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,高考非谓语讲解(含解题技巧),高考非谓语讲解(含解题技巧)高考非谓语讲解(含解题技巧)主谓宾定状补2The famous doctor give birth to a babyhelped the pregnant womanlast Friday.to,主,谓,宾,定,状,补,2,The,famous,doctor,give,birth to a baby,helped,the,pregnant,woman,last Friday.,to,英语一句话只能有,一个主谓,结构,如果出现更多动词：,加连词（,and/but/so,）,放入从句,变为非谓语动词,She got off the bus,leaving,her handbag on her seat.,When,she got off the bus,she left her handbag on her seat.,She got off the bus,but,she,left,her handbag on her seat.,3,谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别,1.“Cant you read?”Mary said _ to the notice.,A.angrily pointingB.and point angrily,C.angrily pointedD.and angrily pointing,2.Suddenly,a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away,_ into the woods.,A.seizing,disappeared B.seized.,disappeared,C.seizing,disappearing D.seized,disappearing,两个动作之间用,and,连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故,B,、,D,皆错；不用,and,连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故,C,错。,seized,和,took,是并列谓语，,disappearing,是伴随状语。此题的关键是,and,的位置，如果,and,在,disappear,前，则三个动词并列。,A,D,非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。,非谓语,不定式,（,to do),doing,(,动名词、现在分词,),done,(,过去分词,),非谓语动词有哪些？,非谓语动词,主语,宾语,补语,定语,状语,表语,to do,doing,done,非谓语动词在句中通常作什么成分？,非谓语动词,主语,宾语,补语,定语,状语,表语,to do,doing,done,1,、,作主语或表语时,在表示比较抽象的,一般行为,时多用,doing,；,在表示,具体的动作,，特别是,将来的,动作时，多用,to do,。,Smoking is not allowed here.,(,表习惯、爱好、或抽象的动作、经常做的事情。,),2.To smoke so much is not good for you.,(,表具体的、一次性动作、要做的事情。,),3.Their job is building houses.(,抽象、经常的动作,),4.Their work is to build another bridge across the river.,(,具体、要做的动作,),1.Fishing is his favorite hobby,and _.,A.hed like to collect coins as well,B.he feels like collecting coins,too,C.to collect coins is also his hobby,D.collecting coins also gives him great pleasure,2.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.,A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having,在,and,连接的并列句中，两个主语最好要保持一致的形式。动名词,fishing,和,collecting coins,分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为“钓鱼是他的爱好，集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。”,D,D,非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题：,1.,并行结构问题，,Seeing is believing./To see is to believe.,2.,需要注意一些结构：,A),在,Its no use(good;value;importance),等结构中只用动名,词作主语。,如：,Its no use quarrelling with such a fellow.,注意比较：,Theres no need to tell him about it.,B),在,Its+adj.+to do,。注意两种句型：,Its easy(difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better;,the first,the next,the last,the best,too much,too little,not enough),后加,for sb.to do,Its kind(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate(,考虑周到的,),silly,selfish(,自私的,),后加,of sb.to do,3.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.,A.not make B.not to make,C.not makingD.do not make,B,在（,purpose,wish,promise,plan）,后常跟不定式,非谓语动词作,表语,时要特别注意两个问题，,1.,并行结构,问题，,2.,时间问题,。,to do,作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。,doing,作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。,注：,1,动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：,动名词作表语时相当于,名词,，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是,同等关系,，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。,现在分词作表语时相当于,形容词,，,说明主语的特征、性质、状态,等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用,very,quite,等副词来修饰，如：,My job is looking after the children.,Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.,The situation is encouraging.,This cake is very inviting.,The volleyball match we watched was very exciting.,注：,2,过去分词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：,What he said sounds_(convince).,He was _(interest)in what he learned in Canada and he thought everything in Canada was _(interest),convincing,interested,interesting,使,信服,类似情况还有：,surprising surprised,exciting excited,tiring tired,disappointing disappointed,encouraging encouraged,，,amazed amazing,bored boring,pleasing pleased,astonishing astonished.,-ed,分词,Sb.+Link.v+-ed,分词,-ing,分词,Sth.+Link.v+-ing,分词,人的感觉,事物本身的特点,非谓语动词,主语,宾语,补语,定语,状语,表语,不定式,-ing,分词,过去分词,2,、,作宾语时,不定式和动名词都可作宾语,有何区别？,2.,有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,3.,有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别,1.,有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,1.,有些动词后只跟,to do,作宾语，如：,manage,promise,pretend,plan,offer,agree,ask,dare,choose,fail,help(,帮助,),，,want(,想要,),refuse,等。,2.,有些动词后只跟,doing,作宾语，如：,avoid,admit,consider,miss,delay/postpone,suggest/advise,finish,practise,enjoy/appreciate,imagine,resist/cant help,deny,envy,escape,risk,stand,mind,keep/keep on,prefer.to.,look forward to,be used to,devote to,lead to,get down to,give up,keep on,succeed in,feel like,be busy,be worth,have difficulty/trouble/problem(in),注：在动词,advise,allow,forbid(,禁止,),，,permit,（允许）等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。,We dont allow fishing here.,We dont allow people to,fish,here.,1)I cant stand _ with Jane in the same,office.She just refuses _ talking while,she works.,A.working;stopping B.to work;stopping,C.working;to stop D.to work;to stop,2)He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.,A.to lose B.losing C.to be lost D.being lost,C,B,有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别：,I,forgot,to close the door before I left the room.,I forgot having closed the door.,He,tried,to write better.(,尽量努力地写),He tried writing with a brush.(,用毛笔试着写),I,couldnt help,finishing it.(,不能不结束某事),I couldnt help to finish it.(,不能帮助结束某事),They,stopped,fishing.(,停止钓鱼),They stopped to fish.(,离开某处出发去钓鱼),I,regret,to say that there is no wine in the bottle.,(,对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉),I regret not taking your advice.(,后悔),3.remember,forget,regret,try,go on,mean,miss,stop,4.,主动表被动,:,want (,需要,),need (,需要,),require (,需要,),Sth.+deserve(,值得，应受,)+,doing,使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义,to be done,使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形式表达被动含义,1.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _,to my new job.,A.expectedB.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects,B,注意,1,：,不定式与疑问词,who,which,when,how,what,等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,He didnt know,what to say,.,How to solve,the problem is very important,.,My question is,when to start,.,非谓语动词,主语,宾语,补语,定语,状语,表语,不定式,-ing,分词,过去分词,3,、,作补语时,The teacher told me,to clean the blackboard,.,五看,watch,see,look at,observe,notice,三使,let,make,have,二听,listen to,hear,一感觉,:,feel,2.,当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略,to:,allow,cause,ask,advise,expect,force,permit,persuade,tell,want,warn,teach,等,.,医生建议他去南方,.,The doctor,advised him to go,to the south,.,+,sb to do,1.,能接带,to,的不定式作补足语的动词,3.,不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表达的意义不同。,I saw him,go,upstairs.,（动作全过程）,I saw him,going,upstairs.,（动作正在进行）,Dont have me,waiting for you,outside?,I wont.I just have my hair,cut,.,I heard her _(sing)an English song just now.,She was heard,to sing,an English song.,I heard her _(sing)an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.,She was heard,singing,the song.,(She was heard,to be singing,the song.,错）,I heard the English song _(sing)many times.,I heard the English song _(sing)when I passed by her room yesterday.,sing,singing,sung,being sung,Fill in the blank:,1.He was surprised to,find,his room,thoroughly,_,.(clean),2.Last night I saw him _(play)the violin,with his eyes _(shut).,“,被动”,“,主动”,cleaned,playing,shut,“,被动”,I heard my sister _ that song in English outside.(,sing,)They once heard the song _ in English.Mother heard her kid _ the door.,Mother heard the door _.(,open,),With,the test,_(,finish,),we began to analyze the result.,Would you please speak louder so as to _?,A.make you hear B.make yourself hear C.make you heard D.make yourself heard,D,singing,sung,opening,opened,巩固练习三,finished,The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his,mother told him _.,A.not toB.not to doC.not to itD.do not to,A,为了避免重复，常用省,do,留,to,来代替前面的动作。如：,e.g.:Would you like to go with me?,Yes,_.,A.Id like to,B.Id like to go,注意：不定式是,to be,结构,be,不可省,.,e.g.:Would you like to be a teacher?,Yes,_.,A.Id like to be.B.Id like to.,A,A,2.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.,A.learnB.to learnC.learnedD.learning,3.A computer does only what thinking people _.,A.have it doB.have it done,C.have done itD.having it done,使役动词,make/have/let sb.do sth.,但改为被动语态后，则应为：,be made/let to do,。注意其它不带,to,的动词不定式的用法。,此句中的,it,指代的是,a computer,，,what,在从句中作,do,的宾语，表示“人们让计算机所做的事“应该用,people have a computer do,这一结构。需要注意的是,have,的几个常用结构：,have sb./sth.do;have sb./sth.done;have sb./sth.doing;have sb./sth.to do,B,A,4.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_ the next year.,A.carry outB.carrying out,C.carried outD.to carry out,5.The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.,A.playingB.to be playingC.playD.to play,that,引导的是定语从句，修饰,plan,，在从句中作,see,的宾,语。因此从句中的结构应为,see the plan carried out,。特别注,意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。,感官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动,作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解,为正在进行的动作。,C,A,非谓语动词,主语,宾语,补语,定语,状语,表语,不定式,-ing,分词,过去分词,4,、,作定语时,to do,doing,done,都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。,1.,to do,作定语,不定式与它所修饰的词有,动宾关系,Have you anything to send?,（不定式执行者为,you),Have you anything to be sent?,你有什么要（我或别人）寄的吗？,(,不定式执行者为被省略的,me,或,someone else,）,不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容,同位关系,I have no chance to go there.,被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语,主谓关系,She is the last to leave the room.,He is looking for_.,（一间可以住的房子）,There is nothing_.,-What do you think of the school?,-It is a very good _.,A.school to study in B.school for children to study,C.studying school D.school to study,to worry about,（,没有什么可担心的,）,a room to live in,注意：作定语的不定式如果是,不及物动词,，,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的,地点工具,等，不定式后面须有相应的,介词,。,2.,分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是,：,doing,表示主动、进行之意；,done,表示被动与完成；,to do,表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。,The question _(discuss)at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance.,The question _(discuss)at the meeting now is of quite importance.,The question _(discuss)at the meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.,discussed,being discussed,to be discussed,注：,doing,作定语有时意义不同：,a,walking,stick,A,swimming,pool,A,sleeping,car,区别,The,walking,man,The,swimming,girl,The,sleeping,boy,动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能,现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态,注意：,现在分词作定语,时，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。,如果两个动作有先有后,，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而,要用定语从句,（避免用现在分词的完成式作定语）,e.g.The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.,非谓语动词,主语,宾语,补语,定语,状语,表语,不定式,-ing,分词,过去分词,5,、,作状语时,能作状语的有,to do,doing,done,。,作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。,*,1.,表目的,I came here,to see you,.,He got up early,to catch the train.,in order to,so as to,（不能放句首）,2.,表原因,We were very excited,to hear the news.,3.,表结果,This room is big enough,to hold us.,He lifted a rock,only to drop it on his own feet.,enoughto,tooto,only to,to do,作状语,分词作状语，,修饰谓语,，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示,时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况,等。,一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语,而句子本身可与,状语从句,等句型转换。,1.When we heard the news,we jumped with joy.,=,Hearing,the news,we jumped with joy.,2.When it is heated,the metal expands.,Heated,the metal expands.,3.Because he didnt know,how to do it,he went to his father for help.,=,Not knowing,how to do it,he went to his father for help.,4.As they were,deeply moved,the children began to cry.,=,Deeply,moved,by the story,the children began to cry.,“,主动”,“,被动”,表示,时间,表示,原因,=,5.,_(look)out of the window,you can have a full view of the beach.,=,If you look out of the window,you can have a full view of the beach.,6._(keep),in fridge,these vegetables will remain fresh.,=,If,they are kept in fridge,these vegetables will remain fresh.,表示,条件,Looking,Kept,7.The children rushed out,shouting and jumping,.,8.She walked out of the house,_,by her little daughter.(follow),9.She walked out of the house,_,her little daughter.(follow),10.(consider)as a building material,wood is not very strong.,=Although it is considered as a building material,wood is not very strong.,表示,让步,表示,方式和,伴随情况,followed,following,Considered,11.The car was held up by the snowstorm,thus _(cause)the delay.,12.,The girl met with an accident when crossing the road,_ in the head.,表示结果,分词作状语时，分词前可加连词表示强调,。,e.g.,heated,ice can be changed into water,When,tired,I went on with the work.,walking in the street,I saw a road accident,While,Though,causing,wounded,现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别,1).European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.(NMET 1998),A.making B.makes C.make D.to make,2).He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left.(2005,广东,),A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found,doing,作结果状语往往表示,“,正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中,”,的结果。,to do,作结果状语时通常表示,“,偶然的、出乎意料的,”,一种结果,A,A,分词的逻辑主语,:,分词的,逻辑主语,一般为,_,但当分词的动作执行者和句子的动作执行者,不一致,时，分词前必须有自己的主语，,e.g.,If weather permits,we will have a field trip.,Weather permitting,we,ll have a field trip tomorrow,这被称为,_,。,时间允许,我们将在去杭州的路上顺道看一下我叔叔,.,Time permitting,we will visit my uncle on my way to Hangzhou.,主句的主语,分词的独立结构,1)_(see)from the hill,the city looks beautiful.,_(see)from the hill,you will find the city beautiful.,2)Generally speaking,when _(take)according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.,If _(take)the drug according to the directions,you will be better soon.,Seen,Seeing,taken,taking,*,但有些分词作状语属,习惯用法,，分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语可以不一致。,如：,Judging from,the expression on his face,he had failed the driving test again,Generally speaking,girls are more careful than boys.,类似的还有,:,Speaking of,Talking of,1._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.,A.LosingB.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose,2.He sent me an E-mail,_ to get further information.,A.hopedB.hopingC.to hopeD.hope,lose oneself in sth.,表示“陷入,”,，主语,he,为,lose,的宾语。,注意,hoping,为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的,to get,。,C,B,3.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.,A.beginsB.having begunC.beginningD.begun,4.Finding her car stolen,_.,A.a policeman was asked to help,B.the area was searching thoroughly,C.it was looked for everywhere,D.she hurried to a policeman for help,once,在此处只是副词，后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主语,的关系。,begin,为及物动词，意为“开始、启动”，故该用过去分词。,本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。,D,D,动名词的复合结构,动名词前可以加一个 物主代词或 名词所有格来表示 这个动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语,1.,逻辑主语是有生命的名词：,做主语时，必须用名词,/,代词所有格,做宾语时，可用名词普通格或人称代词宾格,They insist on,Toms(his),staying longer.(,有生命，做宾语,),She didnt mind,Jack(him),coming late.(,有生命，做宾语,),Toms(his)coming,is what we have expected.,(,有生命，做主语,),2.,逻辑主语是无生命名词时，只用名词普通格。,Is there any hope of,our team winning,the match?,3.,逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词,this,that,somebody,someone,nobody,none,anybody,anyone,时，只能用名词普通格。,She was disturbed by,somebody shouting,outside.,1)I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.,A.you to call B.you call,C.your calling D.youre calling,2)_ made her mother very angry.,A.Mary marrying Jim,B.Marys married Jim,C.Marys marrying Jim,D.Marys being married Jim,C,C,3).The discovery of new evidence led to _.,A.the thief having caught,B.catch the thief,C.the thief being caught,D.the thief to be caught,4).The noise of _ could be heard out in the,street.,A.desks opening and closing,B.desks opened and closed,C.desks being opened and closed,D.desks being opened and closed,C,C,非谓语动词的时态语态和被动,弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作,之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在,非谓语表示的动作,非谓语动词的形式,在谓语表示的动作之后,与谓语表示的动作同时发生,在谓语表示的动作之前,to do/to be done,to do/to be done/to be doing;doing/being done,;,done;to have done/to have been done,;,having done/having been done,主动语态,被动语态,一般式,进行式,完成式,完成进行式,不定式,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been,done,to have been,doing,-,-,细,1,：不定式的时态,(1).They pretended not,to see us,.,(2).He pretended,to be sleeping,.,(3).She pretended,to have known it before.,(,一般式表示与谓语的动作（几乎,),同时发生或在它之后,.),(,在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也,正在进行,),(,完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作,之前,),(4).Were happy,to have been working with you.,(,完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的,动作,一直在进行而且可能之后也继续,),不定式的时态,不定式的语态（主被动）,注意：,1.,不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式用主动。,Have you got a key to unlock the door?,(A key unlocks the door),2.,不