2019届江苏专用高考英语二轮复习考前三个月专题一语法知识第12讲名词与冠词讲义.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,专题一 语法知识,第,12,讲名词与冠词,难点突破,高考回眸,栏目索引,模拟演练,1.Can you tell us your _ for happiness and a long life?,Living every day to the full,，,definitely.(2016,江苏，,24),A.recipe,B.record,C.range,D.receipt,解析,句意为：,您能告诉我们您幸福与长寿的秘诀吗？,确切地说，就是充实地过好每一天。根据答语可知，此处问的是幸福与长寿的秘诀。,recipe,秘诀，诀窍，符合句意。,record,记录；,range,范围；,receipt,收据。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,高考回眸,2.The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _ of rain later tonight.(2016,天津，,10),A.effect,B.sense,C.change,D.chance,解析,句意为：天气预报说多云，今天夜间下雨的可能性不大。,chance,意为,“,可能性,”,，符合语境。,effect,结果，效应；,sense,感觉，理解力；,change,变化，改变。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,3._ prize for the winner of the competition is _ two-week holiday in Paris.(2016,浙江，,2),A.The,；,/B.A,；,/,C.A,；,the,D.The,；,a,解析,句意为：这次比赛给获胜者的奖励是在巴黎度假两周。第一个空格表示对比赛获胜者的奖励，是特指，故用,the,。第二个空格泛指一次为期两周的假期，用不定冠词,a,。故选,D,项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,4.Some schools will have to make _ in agreement with the national soccer reform.(2015,江苏，,32),A.judgments,B.adjustments,C.comments,D.achievements,解析,句意为：为了与国家足球改革相一致，一些学校将必须做出调整。,judgment,判断；,adjustment,调整，适应；,comment,评论；,achievement,成果，成就。故选,B,。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,5.Go and say sorry to your Mom,，,Dave.,I,d like to,，,but I,m afraid she won,t be happy with my _.,(2015,江苏，,35),A.requests,B.excuses,C.apologies,D.regrets,解析,句意为：,去向你妈妈道歉，戴夫。,我想去，但我担心她对我的道歉不满意。,request,要求，请求；,excuse,理由，借口；,apology,道歉，致歉；,regret,懊悔，遗憾。根据前面的,“,say sorry,”,可知选,C,项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,6.Jane,s grandmother had wanted to write _ children,s book for many years,，,but one thing or another always got in _ way.(2015,浙江，,2),A.a,；,/,B.the,；,the,C./,；,the,D.a,；,the,解析,句意为：简的奶奶多年来一直想写一本儿童书籍，但总有这样那样的事情阻碍她不能实现。第一空表泛指，故用不定冠词,a,；第二空为固定表达,in the way,妨碍，阻碍。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,7.One of the most effective ways to reduce _ is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.(2015,浙江，,15),A.production,B.stress,C.energy,D.power,解析,句意为：减少压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人谈谈你的感受。,stress,压力，紧张，符合语境。,production,生产，制作，产品；,energy,精力，活力，干劲；,power,权力，势力，影响力。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,8.Brian is gifted in writing music,；,he is very likely to be_ Beethoven.(2015,四川，,5),A.a,B.an,C.the,D./,解析,句意为：,Brian,在创作音乐上极有天赋，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人。不定冠词用在人名前，表示,“,一个像,那样的人,”,；又因,Beethoven,是以辅音音素开头的单词，故用,a,，故选择,A,。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,9.He gave himself a new name to hide his _ when he went to carry out the secret task.(2015,湖北，,22),A.emotion,B.talent,C.identity,D.treasure,解析,句意为：在执行秘密任务时，他给自己起了一个新的名字来隐藏自己的身份。,emotion,情感，情绪；,talent,天才，才能；,identity,身份，本体，特征；,treasure,财富，金银财宝，珍品。根据句意选,C,。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,10.The failure was a big _ to him,，,but he wasn,t discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.(2015,福建，,24),A.blow,B.issue,C.excuse,D.factor,解析,句意为：这次失败对他来说是一次很大的打击，但他没有泄气，很快就变得和以往一样有热情了。,blow,打击；,issue,问题，议题；,excuse,借口；,factor,因素。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,11.There is no need to tell me your answer,now.Give,it,some_and,then let me know.(2015,安徽，,30),A.thought,B.support,C.protection,D.authority,解析,句意为：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。思考一下，然后让我知道。,thought,思想，思考；,support,支持，维持，支援，供养；,protection,保护，防卫；,authority,权威，权力，当局。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,12.She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful _ in last year,s election.(2014,江苏，,27),A.symbol,B.portrait,C.identity,D.statue,解析,句意为：她两年前被软禁，但是在去年的选举中仍然是势力强大的代表人物。,symbol,象征，代表；,portrait,肖像；,identity,身份；,statue,雕像，塑像。根据句意选,A,项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,13.I can,t tell you _ way to the,Wilsons,because we don,t have _ Wilson here in the village.(2014,重庆，,6),A.the,；,a,B.a,；,/,C.a,；,the,D.the,；,/,解析,去威尔逊家的道路是特定的，故选择定冠词；此村没有一个名叫威尔逊的人，叫威尔逊的人有很多，不具有唯一性，故选择不定冠词。,A,项正确。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,14._ village where I was born has grown into _ town.,(2014,陕西，,19),A.The,；,a B.A,；,the,C.The,；,the D.A,；,a,解析,第一空后名词,village,后有定语从句修饰，表特指，故用定冠词,the,；第二空后名词,town,是可数名词单数，表泛指。故选,A,项。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,15.We most prefer to say yes to the _ of someone we know and like.(2014,浙江，,6),A.attempts,B.requests,C.doubts,D.promises,解析,“,say yes to,”,可译为,“,答应,”,，句意为：我们中的大多数人都喜欢答应我们所熟知和喜欢的人的请求。,request,要求，请求，符合句意。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,16.Life is like _ ocean,：,Only _strong-willed can reach the other shore.(2014,天津，,8),A.an,；,the,B.the,；,a,C.the,；,/D./,；,a,解析,句意为：人生就像大海：只有那些具有坚强意志的人才能到达人生的彼岸。第一个空填,an,表示泛指；第二个空填,the,后跟形容词，表示某一类人。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,17.Her _ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.(2014,湖北，,21),A.motivation,B.qualification,C.talent,D.technique,解析,句意为：她写作的动机是希望女性获得接受高等教育的权利。,motivation,动机，目的，符合句意。,qualification,资格，资历；,talent,天才，天赋；,technique,技能，技巧。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,18.The parents were shocked by _ news that their son needed _ operation on his knee.(2013,重庆，,32),A.a,；,/,B.the,；,/,C.the,；,an,D.a,；,an,解析,句中的,news,指的是,that,从句的内容，所以此处的,news,是特指，故要用定冠词,the,；第二空处意为,“,需要做一次手术,”,，为泛指，故要用不定冠词。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,19.It,was_cold,winter night and the moon was shining brightly across _night sky.(2013,山东，,22),A./,；,a,B.a,；,the,C.the,；,a,D.the,；,/,解析,句意为：那是一个寒冷的冬夜，月亮照亮了整个夜空。指,“,一个,的夜晚,”,且,night,前有形容词修饰时，需用不定冠词,a,表示泛指；第二个空后指的是夜晚的天空，表示特指，需用定冠词,the,。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,20.Animals are obviously _ lower form of life than _ man.,(2013,江西，,32),A.a,；,/,B.the,；,the,C.a,；,the D./,；,/,解析,句意为：很明显，动物是比人类更低级的一种生物。,man,表示,“,人类,”,的意义时，前面不加冠词，排除,B,、,C,两项。,form,是可数名词，前面有形容词修饰时要加不定冠词，因此,A,项正确。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,1.,“,of,抽象名词,”,相当于形容词。,The map is,of great value,.,The map is,very valuable,.,这幅地图很有价值。,2.,在姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词,the,，表示全家人或夫妇二人，应作复数名词。,The Greens,spared no efforts on their daughter,s wedding reception.,格林夫妇不遗余力地为女儿操办婚礼。,难点突破,3.,有些名词在一些短语中，只能用复数形式，如,make friends with,，,shake hands with,。,4.,有些单词的单复数含义不同。,difficulty,困难,difficulties,困难的事,time,时间,times,次数，倍数，时代,work,工作,works,作品，工厂,people,人们,peoples,民族,wood,木头,woods,树林,cloth,布,clothes,衣服,glass,玻璃,glasses,眼镜,paper,纸,papers,试卷，文件，论文，报纸,green,绿色,greens,绿色蔬菜,water,水,waters,水域，海域,sand,沙子,sands,沙滩,5.,序数词前面一般加定冠词表示,“,第,”,之意，但在,second,，,third,等词前加不定冠词表示,“,又一,”“,再一,”,之意。,These shoes are small for me,，,please show me,a third,pair.,这些鞋对我来说太小了，请再给我拿一双。,6.,有些不可数名词在特殊情境中可以作可数名词,(,抽象名词具体化,),来用，含义有一定的变化。,success,成功,a success,一个成功的人,/,一件成功的事,failure,失败,a failure,一个失败的人,/,一件失败的事,danger,危险,a danger,一个危险的人,/,一件危险的事,knowledge,知识,a good knowledge of,精通,11,8,1.What better way of finding _ for your own garden than by visiting others,？,(2017,盐城中学月考，,28),A.management,B.inspiration,C.strength,D.allowance,解析,句意为：还有什么比通过参观别人的花园找到扮靓自家花园灵感的更好的方法呢？,inspiration,灵感，启发，符合句意。,management,管理，经营；,strength,力量，长处；,allowance,允许，津贴。,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,模拟演练,2.Fred let it _ that he was prepared to leave company when the new manager took office.(2017,丹阳高级中学期中，,21),A.secret,B.slip,C.promise,D.standard,解析,句意为：弗莱德透露说，当新经理上任时，他就准备离开公司。,let it slip that.,固定表达，意为,“,偶然泄露，无意中说出,”,，符合句意。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,3.Many parents received a message about the class _ because of hazy days in Beijing.(2017,徐州四模，,31),A.inspection,B.suspension,C.anticipation,D.participation,解析,句意为：由于北京有雾霾，许多家长收到了有关停课的消息,。,suspension,暂停,，符合句意。,inspection,检查；,anticipation,期待；,participation,参加。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,4.People with a high level of proficiency in Chinese can have,a(n,)_ in job-hunting today,，,especially in areas like banking,，,trade and news media.(2017,华罗庚中学调研，,25),A.authority,B.edge,C.preference,D.motivation,解析,句意为：精通汉语的人如今找工作有优势，尤其是在银行、贸易和新闻媒体等领域。,edge,优势，符合语境，故选,B,项。,authority,权威，权利；,preference,优先，偏爱；,motivation,动机。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,5.Over-protection of tourist sites by locals does them no _,，,thus shrinking the income of the local tourism industry,，,according to an official from the China National Tourism Administration.,(2017,溧水高级中学二模，,24),A.honors,B.favors,C.privileges,D.reliefs,解析,句意为：据中国国家旅游局的一位官员说，当地人对旅游景点的过度保护对他们没有任何好处，从而减少了当地旅游业的收入。,do,sb.favors,，固定短语，意为,“,对某人有好处,”,，与句意相符。,honor,荣誉；,privilege,特权；,relief,安慰，救济。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,6.The city,s new policy to encourage people to buy houses is believed to have come into _ with the central government,s policy,，,so it should be given up.(2017,宿迁青华中学月考，,31),A.conflict,B.balance,C.agreement,D.debate,解析,句意为：这个城市鼓励人们买房的新政策被认为与中央政府的政策有冲突，所以应该放弃。,come into conflict with,和,有矛盾，与句意相符。,balance,平衡；,agreement,同意；,debate,辩论。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,7._ headmaster Smith is quite good at painting and it is said that he is _ Picasso.(2017,启东中学月考，,21),A.The,；,/B./,；,a,C./,；,/,D.The,；,a,解析,句意为：,Smith,校长很擅长绘画，据说他是一位像毕加索那样的人。题干中的,headmaster,表示的是,“,职位,”,，故前面为零冠词；不定冠词用在人名前表示,“,一位像,那样的人,”,，故使用不定冠词,a,。故选,B,项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,8.If you can,t trust your friend to have a relationship with another person you consider a friend,，,it,s a clear _ of a problem in your friendships.(2017,南京九中学情调研，,24),A.disappearance,B.symbol,C.symptom,D.settlement,解析,句意为：如果你不能信任你的朋友与你认为是朋友的一个人建立关系，这是你们的友谊存在问题的一个明显征兆。,symptom,征兆，症状，符合句意。,disappearance,消失，不见；,symbol,象征，符号；,settlement,解决，处理。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,9.John deserves enormous _ for the way his team performed,，,not only yesterday but throughout his first year in charge.,(2017,南京学情调研，,24),A.comment,B.consideration,C.credit,D.cooperation,解析,句意为：不仅在昨天而且在他负责的第一年，约翰都该为他的团队的表现得到巨大的称赞。,credit,称赞，表扬，信用，信誉，符合句意，故选,C,项。,comment,评论，意见；,consideration,考虑；,cooperation,合作。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,10.The online word,“,selfie,”,is gaining _ and more and more people tend to use it nowadays.(2017,南通、扬州、泰州、淮安三模，,24),A.access,B.admission,C.control,D.currency,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,解析,句意为：网络词汇,“,selfie,”,正在被人们所接受，现在越来越多的人开始用它。,access,入口，进入；,admission,承认，允许进入；,control,控制。,gain currency(,词或成语等,),被人们所习用，开始广泛传播，符合语境，故选,D,项。,11.When you cast a _ for others,，,you help them see their potential and their possibilities.(2017,镇江一模，,24),A.glance,B.doubt,C.shadow,D.vision,解析,句意为：当你向他人投以构想的时候，你在帮助他们看到他们的潜力和可能性。,glance,一瞥，扫视；,doubt,怀疑；,shadow,阴影；,vision,构想，设想。,cast a vision,投以设想，符合语境，故选,D,项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,12.The important thing in life is to have a great aim,，,and the _ to achieve it.(2017,苏锡常镇四市二模，,21),A.acquisition,B.comprehension,C.determination,D.satisfaction,解析,句意为：人生重要的事情是确定一个伟大的目标，以及实现它的决心。,acquisition,获得，获得物；,comprehension,理解，理解力；,satisfaction,满意。,determination,决心，符合题意，故选,C,项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,13.In Beijing opera,，,performers are required to paint their faces in patterns and colors to help show the _ and depths of the characters,personalities.(2017,苏州调研，,32),A.dimensions,B.certificates,C.occupations,D.consciences,解析,句意为：在京剧里，演员们需要在脸上画多种脸谱并着色，以助于展示人物个性的广度和深度。,dimension,方面，维度，范围，程度，符合句意。,certificate,证书，证明；,occupation,占据，占有，职业，工作；,conscience,良知，是非感。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,14.Many people tend to assume that _ just means creating something new,，,but actually it,s more than thatit,s an attitude of doing things.(2017,南京、盐城一模，,21),A.imitation,B.imagination,C.innovation,D.inspiration,解析,句意为：很多人往往认为创新仅仅意味着创造新的东西，但事实上创新不止于此,创新是一种做事的态度。,innovation,革新，创新，符合句意。,imitation,模仿，仿效；,imagination,想象，想象力；,inspiration,激励，鼓励，灵感，启发。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,15.The quiet life of the country has never had _ to me in that I have always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window.(2017,苏锡常镇四市一模，,21),A.appeal,B.appetite,C.affection,D.application,解析,句意为：宁静的乡村生活对于我来说从来都没有吸引力，因为我一直认为乡村只是人们透过火车窗户看的风景而已。,appeal,吸引力，魅力；,appetite,胃口，欲望；,affection,喜爱，钟爱；,application,申请，运用。根据句意选,A,项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,16.Is it common practice that salesmen receive a _ of 10 percent on all sales made,？,(2017,南京、盐城二模，,23),A.deposit,B.receipt,C.pension,D.commission,解析,句意为：推销人员得到所有销售额百分之十的佣金是惯例吗？,deposit,储蓄，存款；,receipt,收条，收据；,pension,退休金，养老金。,commission,佣金，符合语境，故选,D,项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,17.According to the regulations,，,most of our flights have a baggage _ of 22 kilograms per passenger.(2017,南通一模，,25),A.gravity,B.session,C.punctuation,D.allowance,解析,句意为：根据规定，我们大多数的航班允许每个乘客携带,22,千克的行李。,gravity,重力，严重性；,session,会议，一段时间；,punctuation,标点符号。,allowance,限额，符合语境，故选,D,项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,18.Competition for entry to these programs is keen,，,and applicants need above-average grades to gain _.(2016,苏锡常镇四市二模，,22),A.ambition,B.preference,C.admission,D.competence,解析,句意为：参与这个项目的竞争非常激烈，申请人需要高于平均水平的成绩，才能获得许可。,ambition,雄心，野心；,preference,偏好；,admission,许可；,competence,能力，胜任。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,19.At the end of the historic area,，,Wilmington displayed its _ as a working port city,：,large warehouses and a few other dated office buildings.(2016,南京、盐城二模，,23),A.achievement,B.reputation,C.character,D.standard,解析,句意为：在这片历史地域的尽头，威灵顿市曾扮演了一个港口城市的角色：到处是大型的仓库和其他一些陈旧的办公楼。,achievement,成就；,reputation,名声；,character,性格，字体，角色；,standard,标准。根据句意可知选,C,项。,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,解析,句意为：尽管他出身卑微，但他取得了巨大的成就。,resource,资源；,belief,信仰，信念；,origin,起源，根源，出身；,source,源头，水源。本句中,origin,表示,“,人的出身,”,，符合语境。,20.He made great achievements in spite of his lowly _.,(2016,扬州一模，,30),A.resource,B.belief,C.origin,D.source,11,8,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,答案,解析,