高三高考英语复习-阅读理解主旨大意题.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,阅读理解主旨大意题,1,、细节理解题,(questions of details),2,、词义猜测题,(words in context),3,、推理判断题,(questions of inference),4,、主旨归纳题,(main idea),4,、主旨归纳题,(main idea),Question forms:,1.,主题类,（,1).The main idea of the passage is _.,(2).The passage is mainly about _.,(3).What is the passage mainly about?,(4).Which of the following statement can best,summarize/sum up the main idea of the,passage?,(5).Whats the main point/main idea/central,thought of the passage?,Question forms:,2.,标题类,（,1).,The best title/headline,for this passage might be_.,(2).The text(Passage)could,be entitled,_.,(3).What is,the best title,for the passage?,(4).Which of the following would,be suitable as a title for,the passage?,3.,作者意图类,(1).The authors,main purpose,in writing the passage is,_.,(2).The passage,is meant to,_.,(3).,The purpose of,this article is _.,(4).The authors purpose is to show _.,主旨大意,How do we get the main idea from,a paragraph or passage?,查找主旨、标题时，注意最基本、最具有概括力的信息。,1.Choose the most general word.A)chemist B)physicist C)scientist D)biologist,2.Choose the most general sentence.,A)The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m.daily.,B)There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn.,C)The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board.,D)There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting.,1,English is clearly an international language.It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world.Over 70 percent of the worlds radio programs are in English.,Find the topic sentence,Find the topic sentence,2.,Let us consider how voice training may contribute to personality development and an improved social adjustment.In the first place,it has been fairly well established that individuals tend to become what they believe other people think them to be.When people react more favorably toward us because our voices convey the impression that we are friendly,competent,and interesting,there is a strong tendency for us to develop those qualities in our personality.If we are treated with respect by others,we soon come to have more respect for ourselves.Then,too,ones own consciousness of having a pleasant,effective voice of which he does not need to be ashamed contributes materially to a feeling of poise,（泰然自若）,self-confidence,and a just pride in himself.A good voice,like good clothes can do much for an ego,（自我）,that otherwise might be inclined to droop,（萎靡）,.,The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is:,A)Our Ego,B)The Reflection of Our Personality C)How to Acquire a Pleasant Voice,D)Voice Training in Personality Development,Tip 1:at the beginning,主题句(Topic sentence)在段首:一种主题句常常是一种段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。在议论文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。,3.Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do.Others prefer to be left to work on their own(by themselves).Still others like a democratic(,民主的,),discussion type of class.No one teaching method can be devised(design)to satisfy all students at the same time.,4.Handshaking,though a European practice,is now often seen in big cities of China.It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met,they showed their unarmed(,无武器的,)hands to each other as a sign of goodwill.As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly,people in cities began to clap each others hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement.This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other.“Lets shake(hands)on it”sometimes means agreement reached.Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet?No.Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite.It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party,especially when it is a woman,shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or her.Even if,for politeness,he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand,just touch it slightly.There is generally a misunderstanding(,误解,)among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward,while the Chinese are rather reserved(,保守的,)in manner.But in fact some people in western countries are more reserved than some Chinese today.So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you.,67.The main purpose of the text is_.A.to tell us some differences between the East and the WestB.to offer us some important facts about handshakingC.to introduce us to some different customs in the WestD.to give us some advice before we travel abroad,Tip 2:at the end,主题句在段尾。作者先摆出事实根据,层层推理论证,最终自然得出结论,即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句得到体现,它是此段内容的结论。,5.We surveyed local residents in three university towns throughout the state to find out their opinions on the students in those towns.We questioned over three thousand people and found that since our last survey three years ago,attitudes towards students have changed considerably.“Lazy”“scruffy”and“bad-mannered”was how more than 40%of those questioned described students，up from 22%in the last survey.This year only 25%considered students to be“polite”and“friendly”compared with 39%three years ago.Overall,49%considered students to be a positive part of the town compared to 58%last time.,3.,有些段落的主题句被安排在段落的中间,since our last survey three years ago,attitudes towards students have changed considerably.,Passage D,6.If you were planning to buy a television set,the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention:“Color TV.Only 79.Two days sale.Hurry.”However,when you go to the store ready to buy.You may discover that they are sold out.But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model,a much better set which is“just right for you”.It costs 395.This sales method is called“bait and switch”.Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement,and then they are switched to another more expensive one.Buying items on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.,The paragraph could be entitled _.,A.Buying A TV Set,B.A Selling Method,C.Buyer Beware,D.TV On Sale,(,detail),(detail),(detail,),An example,(detail),effects,the,topic sentence,is,in the middle,of the passage.,Tip 3:at the middle,主题句在段中。开段的句子作为引题，而主题则由随之引出的句子来体现。为了阐明主题思想，在主题句后，仍有某些句子陈说细节。其层次为：引题-主题-解释（细节）。,7.Good manners are important in all countries,but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country.Americans eat with knives and forks;Japanese eat with chopsticks.Americans say“Hi”when they meet;Japanese bow.Many American men open doors for women;Japanese men do not.On the surface,在表面上,it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan,and in a way this is true.But in any country,the only manners that are important are those involving one persons behavior toward another person.In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately towards others and bad manners not to.It is only the way of behaving politely that differs from country to country.,8.Theres as an old Saying:“A coward（懦夫）dies many times;a hero dies but once.”So it is with newspaperstheir death has been predicted many times,but they are still with us.But will they be with us forever?,Newspapers have survived as long as they have because they can bring an in-depth coverage of issues that require time and consideration.Readers go to newspapers to learn about complex issues.Reputable newspapers become opinion leaders in their editorial and commentary columns,quite apart from their ability to investigate issues and become breakers of important news.,However,the threat of the internet is likely to prove,profound.,Many young people now turn to the Web for news.However much radio and television led the attack on the newspaper as a news source,one of its main sources of income advertisings remained intact（未受影响的）.Not only does the Web take readers,it also takes advertising.Many newspapermen see the threat of the Web as being of a new kind.Some publications will go under,but those which serve specialized markets and which are commercially solid will survive.,The death of the newspaper has been predicted many times,but the newspaper is still with us and is likely to remain so.,Theres as an old Saying:“A coward（懦夫）dies many times;a hero dies but once.”So it is with newspaperstheir death has been predicted many times,but they are still with us.But will they be with us forever?,Newspapers have survived as long as they have because they can bring an in-depth coverage of issues that require time and consideration.Readers go to newspapers to learn about complex issues.Reputable newspapers become opinion leaders in their editorial and commentary columns,quite apart from their ability to investigate issues and become breakers of important news.,However,the threat of the internet is likely to prove,profound.,Many young people now turn to the Web for news.However much radio and television led the attack on the newspaper as a news source,one of its main sources of income advertisings remained intact（未受影响的）.Not only does the Web take readers,it also takes advertising.Many newspapermen see the threat of the Web as being of a new kind.Some publications will go under,but those which serve specialized markets and which are commercially solid will survive.,The death of the newspaper has been predicted many times,but the newspaper is still with us and is likely to remain so.,What might be the most suitable title for the text?,A.The newspaper VS the Web,B.Why do people read newspaper?,C.What do you like to read?,D.Death of the newspaper?,Tip 4:at both the beginning and the end,This paragraph begins with a topic sentence and ends with a restatement of the same topic sentece在文章开头和结尾:首尾呼应，为突出主题,作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式常用于记叙文，议论文，但前后表述主题的句子不是简朴的反复,背面的表述往往有深入的引申或发展的意味。,Topic sentence&paragraph,other info.,other info.,Topic sentence&paragraph,Topic sentence&paragraph,other info.,info&example,Topic sentence&paragraph,Topic sentence&paragraph,example&,other info,If there is no topic sentence in the passage,what should we do to get the main idea or choose the best title?,Sometimes there is no topic sentence in the passage.,Summarize,the main idea in our own words and then choose,the best title,.,Three main steps:,First,get the main idea of each paragraph.,Second,summarize the main idea in our own words,according to the structure of the passage.,Third,compare it with the choices to see which one is the best.,9.Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.,The main idea of this paragraph is that _.,partial details,A.Tom,who had studied at Paris Universities for four years,moved to another university.B.Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C.Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent education.,Tip 5:No specific topic sentence,so readers should summarize from all the details.,从段落中归纳要点抓大意.有些文章无明确的主题句.这就规定考生在阅读过程中根据文中所论述的事实细节来概括总结主旨大意。,注意：1.不能以偏概全.2.不能过于宽泛，要恰如其分。,3.注意多次出现的高频词或主题词,details,Paragraph ideas,Passage idea,1 Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world.It took them more than two years to do so by ship.,2 Magellan was from Portugal,but he sailed for the King of Spain.On September 20,1519,he left Spain with five ships and 240 men.After passing the trip of South America,they reached the Pacific Ocean,on which they sailed more than one year.Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water.Many of them died of hunger and diseases.They even had to live on sawdust.Finally in April 1521,Magellan got to the Philippine Islands,where he was killed.His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean.It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope.By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521,seven out of every eight men had died.,3 Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.,Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?,Magellans death.,Going around the World.,The World Is Round.,Magellans Voyage.,10,1 Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world.It took them more than two years to do so by ship.,Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world.,Magellan was from Portugal,but he sailed for the King of Spain.On September 20,1519,he left Spain with five ships and 240 men.After passing the tip of South America,they reached the Pacific Ocean,on which they sailed more than one year.Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water.Many of them died of hunger and diseases.They even had to live on sawdust.Finally in April 1521,Magellan got to the Philippine Islands,where he was killed.His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean.It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope.By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521,seven out of every eight men had died.,1.time,2.ships and,people,3.route,4.Sufferings,and difficulties,a.Lack of,food and,freshwater,b.Hunger,and diseases,c.Deaths,The process of Magellans long difficult voyage,5.success,3 Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.,Magellans voyage proved the earth is round.,1 Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world.It took them more than two years to do so by ship.,2 Magellan was from Portugal,but he sailed for the King of Spain.On September 20,1519,he left Spain with five ships and 240 men.After passing the trip of South America,they reached the Pacific Ocean,on which they sailed more than one year.Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water.Many of them died of hunger and diseases.They even had to live on sawdust.Finally in April 1521,Magellan got to the Philippine Islands,where he was killed.His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean.It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope.By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521,seven out of every eight men had died.,3 Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.,Paragraph 1:,Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world.,Paragraph 2:,The process of Magellans long difficult voyage,Paragraph 3:,Magellans voyaged proved the earth is round.,Ma