现在分词课堂.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,现在分词,1,朗诵下列詞组或句子，判断划线部分做什么句子,成分？做该成分的是什么詞？,1)coming week,2)The girl standing there is my sister.,3)The news is shocking.,4)Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet clothes.,5)Working hard,you will succeed.,定語,定語,表語,宾語补足語,状語,2,單個分詞作定語時，壹般放在所修饰的名詞之_。表达目前分詞的動作_進行，分詞和所修饰的名詞是逻辑上的_关系。,a,sleeping,baby,a,dancing,girl,正在,前,1 目前分詞作定語：,积极,=A baby,who is sleeping,=A girl,who is dancing,目前分詞作定語時，壹般可转换為定語從句。,3,The girl,reading there,is my sister.,His brother,working as a doctor,lives in Beijing.,分詞短語作定語時，放在所修饰的名詞之_。所修饰的名詞是目前分詞的_主語，分詞和逻辑主語之间是_关系。此時相称于壹种_從句。,後,逻辑,积极,定語,4,=The girl,who is reading there,is my sister.,=His brother,who works as a doctor,lives in Beijing.,The girl,reading there,is my sister.,His brother,working as a doctor,lives in Beijing.,5,目前分詞作定語，要注意目前分詞所示的動作发生的時间。壹般說来，重要有下列两种状况：,1）表达正在進行的動作（变為定語從句時要用進行時态）。例如：,Did you see the girl dancing with your brother.,Did you see the girl who is dancing with your brother.,The comrades working in the countryside will be back tomorrow.,The comrades who are working in the countryside will be back tomorrow.,6,2)表达常常性、习惯性動作或目前（當時）的状态（变為定語從句時多用壹般目前時态或壹般過去時态）。,We lived in a room facing the south.,We lived in a room which/that faced the south.,The factory making these pens is a small one.,The factory which/that makes these pens is a small one.,7,1.在空中飞舞的树叶,2.壹种行人,3.壹张笑脸,4.中国是壹种发展中国家。,_,Translation:,_,_,_,a walking man,falling leaves,China is a developing country.,a smiling face,8,完毕句子。,1.,有人在校门口等你。,Theres someone _ _,you at the school gate.,waiting for,2.他們住在壹间面向大街的房子。,They live in a house _,the street.,facing,9,句型转换。,2.The wallet which is lying on the ground,is mine.,Two days later I received a letter _.,1.The people,who are sitting beside us,are all teachers,.,3.Two days later I received a letter which,offered me the job.,The people,_,are all teachers.,The wallet _ is mine.,offering me the job,sitting beside us,lying on the ground,10,The news is,shocking,.The book is very,interesting,.,2.目前分詞作表語。,表达主語的某种性质和特性，相称于_詞，壹般修饰_，译為“_”。,形容,物,令人的,常作表語的目前分詞有:surprising,astonishing,amazing,shocking,interesting,amusing,entertaining,tiring,boring,disturbing,moving,touching,encouraging,inspiring,confusing,disappointing 等。,11,I heard Tom singing in his room.,宾,宾补,主,谓,3.目前分詞作宾补。,_是目前分詞的逻辑主語。分詞和逻辑主語之间是_关系，并且表达動作_。它重要用于两类動詞後。,逻辑主語,宾語,积极,正在進行,12,1)I,saw,him,crossing,the street.,2)The teacher,caught,him,cheating,in the exam.,3)I,heard,Tom,singing,in his room.,4)Can you,smell,anything,burning,?,5)I,felt,the house,shaking,.,第壹类動詞：_動詞(表达感覺和心理状态的動詞)，常見的有：,记忆的措施：V+sb.doing sth.,e.g.see sb.doing sth.,“看見某人正在做某事”,感官,see,watch,look at,notice,observe,find,catch,;,hear,listen to,;,smell;feel,13,1)The boss,had,the workers,working,the whole night.,2)You shouldnt,keep,your lights,burning,in the day.,3)The stone was too heavy to move,so,I,left,it,lying,on the ground.,第二类動詞：_動詞(表达指使意义的動詞)，常見的有：,使役,记忆的措施：V+sb.doing sth.,e.g.have sb.doing sth.“使/让某人壹直做某事”,have,keep,leave,14,I saw a little girl _ in the,street yesterday.,Translation:,crying,You shouldnt keep them _.,waiting,1.昨天，我在街上看到壹种小女孩在哭。,2.你仟萬别让他們等。,15,4目前分詞作状語。,目前分詞作状語時，可作時间、条件、成果、原因和伴随状語，表达正在進行的或积极的動作。,注意:作時间、条件、原因、让步状語時壹般位于句首，且与背面用逗号隔開，能转换為壹种對应的状語從句;而作成果、方式、伴随状語時壹般位于句尾。,分詞作状語時，它的逻辑主語（即分詞動作的发出者）壹般要与句中的主語保持壹致這個是重點,是考试和高考的常考點,大家必须记住,16,）目前分詞作状語,表時间。可以转化為壹种由when/while等引导的時间状語從句。,eg.Walking in the street,I saw him.,=When/While I was walking in the street,I saw him.當我在街上走時，我看到他了,當要体現正在進行的動作時我們可以在分詞前面加上whenwhile，那么上面的例句就可以改写為When/While walking in the street,I saw him.（其实有的時候也可以理解為時间状語從句中的省略不過，不是時時成立的）,17,）目前分詞作状語，表原因。可以转化為壹种由as,because等引导的原因状語從句。,e.g.Being ill,she stayed at home.,=As she was ill,she stayed at home.,3）目前分詞作状語，表条件。可以转化為壹种由if/unless等引导的条件状語從句。,e.g.Working hard,you will succeed.,=If you work hard,you will succeed.,18,）目前分詞作状語，表让步。可以转化為壹种由though/although引导的让步状語從句.,e.g.Having failed many times,he didnt lose heart.,=Though he had failed many times,he didnt lose heart.,）目前分詞作状語，表成果,可以转化為壹种并列句,e.g.His friend died,leaving Tom a lot of money.,=His friend died,and he left Tom a lot of money.,19,）目前分詞作状語，表方式。,e.g.Please answer the question using another way.,）目前分詞作状語，表伴随。可以转化為壹种并列句,e.g.He sat there reading a newspaper.,He sat there and he was reading a newspaper.,注意：分詞在句子中作状語，使用何种分詞，要取决于分詞与句子主語的关系：主谓关系用目前分詞，動宾或被動关系用過去分詞。.,20,21,目前分詞（The Present Participle）,壹.目前分詞构成:doing,二、目前分詞的两個基本特點。,在時间上表达動作正在進行。,例如：,a developing country.壹种发展中的国,boiling water 沸水,the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。,(试比较：a developed country 壹种发达国家，boiled water 開水，the risen sun 升起的太阳),22,2.在語态上表达积极。,例如：the ruling class 统治阶级,the exploiting class 剥削阶级。,（试比较：the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级）,23,三、目前分詞的語法功能,1)coming week,2）running water,3)a sleeping child,4)flying fish,5)working people,6)a running boy=A boy who is running,7)The girl standing there is my sister.,目前分詞作定語,單個分詞作定語時放在所修饰名詞之前，而分詞短語作定語時放在所修饰名詞之後，并且被修饰的名詞与目前分詞之间在逻辑上存在著主谓关系。目前分詞作定語時，壹般可转换為定語從句。,24,目前分詞作定語，要注意目前分詞所示的動作发生的時间。壹般說来，重要有下列两种状况：,1）表达正在進行的動作（变為定語從句時要用進行時态）。例如：,Did you see the girl dancing with your brother,Did you see the girl who is dancing with your brother.,25,The comrades working in the countryside will be back tomorrow.,The comrades who are working in the countryside will be back tomorrow.,2)表达常常性、习惯性動作或目前（當時）的状态（变為定語從句時多用壹般目前時态或壹般過去時态）。,We lived in a room facing the south.,We lived in a room which/that faced the south.,The factory making these pens is a small one.,The factory which/that makes these pens is a small one.,26,其他状况壹般不适宜用目前分詞短語作定語。下列句子中的定語從句都不适宜换為分詞短語。如：,1)The man who came this morning is his father.,2)The students who have handed in their exercise-books can go home now.,3)Is there anyone who can drive a car?,27,注意：分詞的完毕式不可作定語,注意：在messagelettersignnewsnotice等詞後要用目前分詞作定語，不用過去分詞，這是考试的易錯點。,注意：某些目前分詞作定語時已不再表达動作，已經從分詞变為了形容詞詞性,eg.an interesting story,an exciting match這些也可以属于目前分詞作定語，不過不能转化為對应的定語從句，不過可以有三级变化（原级比较级最高级）和被某些副詞如very修饰。,28,2.目前分詞作表語,目前分詞作表語表达主語的性质、特性。,例：1)The story is interesting.,2)The news is disappointing.,常目前分詞作表語，常見的有：exciting,interesting,disappointing,discouraging,encouraging,puzzling,missing,surprising,confusing,amusing.charming,astonishing,shocking,inviting等。這些目前分詞几乎变成形容詞，常可用very 来修饰，常译作“令人的”，并且主語多為物。分詞作表語壹般看作形容詞来用。,29,目前分詞作表語表达主語的性质，主語多為物；過去分詞作表語表达主語的感受或状态，主語多為人。,例如:,1）The film“Pearl Harbor”is really exciting.I am excited about it.,2）His response to the question was quite disappointing.I felt disappointed at his response.,30,3.目前分詞作宾語补足語,宾語与宾补之间在逻辑上存在著主谓关系(即宾語是目前分詞動作的发出/执行者),且表达動作正在進行。,目前分詞常用在下列動詞背面作宾語补足語,感官動詞：seehearwatchfeelnoticeobservekeepfindlisten tolook at,使役動詞：have,get,make,let等例如：,1)Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet clothes.,2)They found the missing boys playing near the river.,3)I saw him dancing now.,4)Dont have the students studying all day.,31,4目前分詞作状語時，可作時间、条件、成果、原因和伴随状語，表达正在進行的或积极的動作。,注意:作時间、条件、原因、让步状語時要位于句首，且与背面用逗号隔開，能转换為壹种對应的状語從句;作成果、方式、伴随状語時要壹般位于句尾。,分詞作状語時的逻辑主語（即分詞動作的发出者）壹般要与句中主語保持壹致這個是重點,是考试和高考的常考點,大家必须记住,32,）目前分詞作状語,表時间。可以转化為壹种由when/while/as/after/before/till/until等引导的時间状語從句。,eg.Walking in the street,I saw him.,=When/While(I was)walking in the street,I saw him.當我在街上走時，我看到他了,當要体現正在進行的動作時我們可以在分詞前面加上whenwhile，那么上面的例句就可以改写為When/While walking in the street,I saw him.（其实有的時候也可以理解為時间状語從句中的省略不過，不是時時成立的）,33,）目前分詞作状語，表原因。可以转化為壹种由as,because等引导的原因状語從句。,e.g.Being ill,she stayed at home.,=As she was ill,she stayed at home.,3）目前分詞作状語，表条件。可以转化為壹种由if/unless等引导的条件状語從句。,e.g.Working hard,you will succeed.,=If you work hard,you will succeed.,34,）目前分詞作状語，表让步。可以转化為壹种由though/although/as/while等引导的让步状語從句.,e.g.Having failed many times,he didnt lose heart.,=Though he had failed many times,he didnt lose heart.,）目前分詞作状語，表成果,可以转化為壹种并列句,e.g.His friend died,leaving him a lot of money.,=His friend died,and left him a lot of money.,35,）目前分詞作状語，表方式。,e.g.Please answer the question using another way.,）目前分詞作状語，表伴随。可以转化為壹种并列句,e.g.He sat there,singing.,He sat there and they sang.,36,1)_(hear)the good news,he jumped with joy.,2)_(walk)in the street,I saw a friend of mine.,3)He sat at the table_(read)China Daily.,4)_（laugh）and _(talk),they went into the room.,5)Please fill in this form,_(give)your name,address,etc.,Hearing,Walking,reading,Laughing,talking,giving,37,6)_(see)from the top of the hill,the park looks very beautiful.,7)Once _(publish),this dictionary will be very popular.,8)_(give)more time,we could do it much better.,9)_(pay)more attention,the child will be happier.,10)_(choke)by heavy smoke,he could hardly breathe.,.,Seen,published,Given,Paid,Choked,38,39,二.目前分詞的時态与語态,目前分詞的积极語态分為壹般式（doing）和完毕式（having done）,1.目前分詞的壹般式（doing）,壹般式所示的動作与谓語動詞所示的動作壹般同步進行。如：,1)He hurried home,looking behind from time to time。,2)They went into the classroom,talking and laughing.,3)He sat there,reading the newspaper.,40,2.目前分詞的完毕式（having done）,完毕式所示的動作发生在谓語動詞所示的動作之前。如：,1）Having lit a candle,she went out.,2）Having heard this,the woman astronaut expressed her satisfaction.,3)Having finished their work,they had a rest.,41,目前分詞的語态：,目前分詞的被動語态也分為壹般式（being done）和完毕式(havingbeendone)两种。,1.目前分詞被動式的壹般式（being done）,壹般式表达壹种被動動作正在進行或与谓語動詞表达的動作同步進行。（壹般式多用作定語）如：,1)That building being repaired is our dormitory.,2)The large building being built will be a hospital.,3)I often watched the trucks being loaded with coal.,我常常看卡車装煤,4)Being asked to put on a performance,she refused.,有人邀請她演出壹种节目，她拒绝了。,42,2.目前分詞被動式的完毕式(having beendone),目前分詞被動式的完毕式表达壹种被動動作发生在谓語動詞之前。如：,1)Having been shown the labs,we were taken to see the library.,2)Having been asked to stay,I couldnt very well leave.人家請我留下，我就不好离開了。,3)Having been given such a good chance,how could you let it slip away?,人家給了你這样壹种好机會，你怎么能轻易放過？,43,過去分詞和目前分詞完毕被動式的区别：,1.及物動詞的過去分詞没有完毕式，它有“完毕”和“被動”的含义，但却没有强调该動作发生在谓語動詞前。它有時可以用目前分詞完毕被動式去替代。,eg:The bridge had been weakened by successive storms and was no longer safe,.=Weakened by successive storms,the bridge was no longer safe.,=Having been weakened by successive storms,the bridge was no longer safe.這座桥接二连三地遭到暴風雨的袭击後，已經不安全了。,44,2.目前分詞完毕被動式：强调分詞表达的動作发生在谓語動詞之前。（强调動作发生在先）,eg:Having been warned about the bandits,he left his valuables at home。,當警告有强盗出没時，他就把宝贵物品留在家裏。,45,_(tell)many times,he still couldnt understand.,_(give)a satisfactory operation,the patient recovered from,illness very quickly.,3)_(give)a satisfactory operation,the doctor believed the patient would recover from his,illness very soon.,Having been told,Having been given,Having given,46,3.壹般過去分詞可作定語使用，而目前分詞完毕被動式却不能用作定語。,eg:1)The computer centre,opened last year，is very popular among the students in this school.(MET 93),去年開办的计算机中心很受學生的欢迎。,(過去分詞既能表达被動又有完毕的含义),47,2)The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(NMET94),作為外語的英語教科書早在拾六世纪就已經出版了。,3)Most of the artists invited to the party were from south America(MET 90),应邀参与舞會的大多数艺术家都来自南美。,4.過去分詞可以用“连詞過去分詞”的构造作状語，其实质就是状語從句的省略，而目前分詞的完毕被動式却不能這样用。,eg:1)Once seen,it can never be forgotten.,目睹壹眼，终身难忘。,48,2)If bitten by a snake,you should send for help and dont walk,要是你被蛇咬了，你应當向他人求援而不要走。,3)When shot in the leg,he continued to fire back with his gun.,虽腿部已遭枪击，他人仍然继续開枪反击。,4)The room,although supposed to be kept locked,was often left open.,壹般认為是锁著的那個房间，其实常常敞開著。,49,50,目前分詞和過去分詞的区别：,壹、目前分詞和過去分詞重要的区别表目前時态和時间关系上。,1.在時间上：目前分詞表达動作正在進行，而過去分詞所示的動作往往已經完毕。例如：,a developing country.壹种发展中的国家，,boiling water 沸水，,the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。,而過去分詞所示的動作往往已經完毕。例：,developed country 壹种发达国家，,boiled water 開水，,the risen sun 升起的太阳）,51,2.在語态上:目前分詞表达积极。例如：,the ruling class 统治阶级，,the exploiting class 剥削阶级。,而過去分詞则表达被動。例：,the ruled class 被统治阶级,the exploited class 被剥削阶级,52,ThankYou!,53,）作時间状語,可以转化為壹种時间状語從句。,eg.Walking in the street,I saw him.,=When/While I was walking in the street,I saw him.當我在街上走時，我看到他了,當要体現正在進行的動作時我們可以在分詞前面加上whenwhile，那么上面的例句就可以改写為When/While walking in the street,I saw him.（其实有的時候也可以理解為時间状語從句中的省略不過，不是時時成立的）,Walking in the street,I saw him.,翻译成”當我在街上走時，我看到他了”而不可以翻译為”當他在街上走時，他看到我了”,（這個是由于”分詞作状語時其逻辑主語壹般要与句中主語保持壹致”）,54,但翻译“當他在街上走時，我看到他了”应當翻译成When/While he was walking in the street,I saw him.,在這裏在告诉大家此外的壹种措施,He walking in the street,I saw him.,這是分詞的独立主格形式,55,）目前分詞作状語，表方式。,e.g.Please answer the question using another way.,）目前分詞作状語，表伴随。可以转化為壹种并列句,e.g.He sat there,singing.,He sat there and they sang.,注意：分詞在句子中作状語，使用何种分詞，要取决于分詞与句子主語的关系：假如是主谓关系用目前分詞，假如是動宾或被動关系用過去分詞。.,56,1.When he approached Ms Smith,he,touched her shoulder and kissed her.,_ _ Ms Smith,he,touched her shoulder and kissed her.,Rewrite the following sentences.,When,approaching,2.The person who is translating the songs,can speak seven languages.,The person _ _ _ can,speak seven languages.,translating,the,songs,57,3.The boy standing there is reading a,book about body language.,The boy _ _ _ there is,reading a book about body language.,who,is,standing,4.Because he comes from Jordan,he,moves close to ask you a question.,_ _ Jordan,he moves close,to ask you a question.,Coming,from,58,5.She sat at the desk and did her,homework.,She sat at the desk _ _,_.,doing,her,homework,59,高考链接,1.As the light turned green,I stood for,a moment,not _,and asked,myself what I was going to do.(湖南,),A.movedB.moving,C.to move D.being moved,60,2.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,_ in the natural light during the day.(天津),A.to let B.letting,C.let D.having let,3._that she didnt do a good job,I dont think I am abler than her.(陕西),A.To have said B.Having said,C.To say D.Saying,61,4.Whenever he was asked why he was,late for class,he would answer,carelessly,always _ the same,thing.(江苏),A.saying B.said,C.to say D.having said,5.Dont sit there _ nothing.,Come and help me with this table.(湖,北),A.do B.to do C.doing D.and doing,62,5._ more attention,the tree could,have grown better.A.Given B.To give,C.Giving D.Having given.,6.The computer center,_ last year,is,very popular among the students in this,school.A.open B.opening,C.having opened D.opened,A,D,63,7.The first textbooks _ for teaching,English as a foreign language came out in,the 16th century.,A.having written B.to be written,C.being written D.written8._ many times,he couldnt,understand it.,A.Told B.Having been told,C.Telling D.Having told,D,B,64,65,