高考英语语法一轮复习主谓一致.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,主谓一致,A student,is,waiting for you in your office.,Two students,are,waiting for you in your office.,一、语法一致原则,1,动词不定式、动名词、从句,作主语，谓语动词,用单数,。,例如：,To work hard,_,necessary,努力工作是必要的。,When and where to go,_,not been,decided yet.,What he said and what he did,_ always different.,is,has,were,注意：假如主语是两个（或以上）的名词性从句，则谓语动词常用复数。,一、语法一致原则,2不定代词each，either，neither，one，the other，anybody，somebody，something，everyone，nobody，nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：,Each takes a cup of coffee,每人喝一杯咖啡。,Is everyone present？,每一种人都到了吗？,Nobody was listening,没有一种人在听讲。,一、语法一致原则,3用and连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。但假如这两个并列的名词是指同一人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词则用单数。例如：,The poet and the writer _ both from Canada,那位诗人和那位作家都来自加拿大。,The poet and writer _ from Canada,那位诗人兼作家来自加拿大。,are,is,一、语法一致原则,4若主语背面有with，together with，as well as，besides，including，like，but，except，rather than等引起的短语时，谓语动词不受该短语中名词数的影响，仍和主语的数保持一致。例如：,A woman with two children has come,一种妇女带着两个孩子来了。,The students as well as their teacher like this painting,学生和他们的老师都喜欢这幅画。,Jane and John，like Henry，were late,简和约翰，像亨利同样，来晚了。,二、意义一致原则,1有些,集体名词,，如,people，cattle，police,等意义上是复数，谓语动词需,用复数,。例如：,People,read,for pleasure during their spare time,人们在业余时间读书自娱。,Traffic police,are,always very busy,交通警察总是很忙。,Cattle,feed,on grass,牛以草为食。,二、意义一致原则,2有些以-sh，-ese，-ch结尾的表达国家、民族的形容词与the连用时表达复数意义，谓语动词用复数。例如：,The English like to be with their families at Christmas,英国人喜欢在圣诞节与家人团聚。,The Chinese are kind and friendly,中国人善良、友好。,二、意义一致原则,3当family，class，company，group，public，government，team，population等集体名词作主语时，若作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数；,若着眼于构成该集体的一种个组员或个体时，则用复数。,My family _ a happy one,我的家庭是一种幸福的家庭。,My family _ well,我的家人身体都很好。,The population in China _ very large and 80 of the population _ farmers,中国人口诸多，其中百分之八十是农民。,is,are,is,are,二、意义一致原则,4单复数同形的名词，如means，sheep，deer，works（工厂），谓语动词根据意义用单数、复数。例如：,Every possible means has been tried,每一种也许的措施都试过了。,All possible means have been tried,所有也许的措施都试过了。,二、意义一致原则,5表达时间、度量衡、距离、价格的复数名词作主语，一般作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数。例如：,Ten years _ a moment in history,在历史上是一瞬间。,Six hundred miles _ a long distance,六百英里是一段很长的距离。,is,is,二、意义一致原则,6国名、人名、书刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语，形式上虽然是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。例如：,The United States _ in North America,美国在北美洲。,The United Nations _ founded in 1945,联合国是1945年建立的。,is,was,二、意义一致原则,7以-ics结尾的表达学科名称的名词,如 mathematics,physics,politics作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：,Mathematics is a science,数学是一门科学。,Politics is often a topic for discussion among us,政治常常是我们讨论的课题。,二、意义一致原则,8“,the+,形容词,”，表“人”复数；表“物”单数。例如：,The old,are,taken good care of in our society.,The beautiful,is,not always the useful.,好看的不一,定有用,。,二、意义一致原则,9定语从句中，作主语的关系代词根据先行词判断其单复数形式：,Ive invited,Diana,who,lives,in the next flat.,Her two,sons,who,were,living abroad,rang her up this m,orning,.,二、意义一致原则,10加减乘除等数学算式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数：,2 times 3 makes six.,Sixty minus forty is twenty.,三、邻近原则,1用or，either or，neither nor，not onlybut also,not but 等连接并列主语时，谓语动词与其邻近的主语保持一致。例如：,He or his brothers _ to blame,应当怪他或他的兄弟们。,_ he or you there then？,那时是他还是你在那儿？,Neither you nor I _ fit for the work,你和我都不适合这个工作。,_ neither you nor I fit for the work？,你和我都不适合这个工作吗？,were,Was,am,Are,三、邻近原则,2在there be句型或其他倒装构造中，谓语动词一般都与邻近的主语保持一致。例如：,There _ a pen，a notebook and some books on the desk,书桌上有一枝钢笔、一种笔记本和某些书。,Here _ some paper and a few envelopes,这儿有某些纸和几种信封。,is,is,四、个体原则,1and 连接的两个或多种主语前假如有each,every,no等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。例如：,Every man and every woman is busy working.,四、个体原则,2,each,either,neither,等词，既可作代词充当主语，又可作形容词修饰主语，这时的谓语动词用,单数,。例如：,Neither boy,is,to blame.,四、个体原则,3由,some,any,every,no,构成的复合词,(,somebody,nobody,everything,anything,等）,作主语时，谓语动词用,单数,。例如：,Someone,is,waiting for you at the school gate.,四、个体原则,4“,many a/more than one+,单数名词”作主语时,，谓语动词用,单数,。例如：,Many a student,doesn,t understand Einsteins relativity.,More than one student,likes,English,.,四、个体原则,5成双成对出现的复数名词如glasses,scissors,shoes,trousers,gloves,stockings等词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，但假如其前有a/the pair of;a/the suit of等词语时，谓语动词要用单数。例如：,His glasses are broken.,This pair of glasses is broken.,