高考英语复习-语法专项-九情态动词和虚拟语气.pptx

,九、情态动词和虚拟语气,1/43,一、情态动词,考点1 9大情态动词基本使用方法,1.can/could,(1)表示能力(could惯用于过去能力),*The police still havent found the missing child,but theyre doing all they,can,.,2/43,(2)表示理论上可能性,“有时候可能会”(用在必定句中),*It,can,be quite windy there,especially in spring.,(3)表示请求和允许,口语中惯用could代替can(could用来表示现在,用以委婉地提出请求等,但回答时必须用can),*,Could,you tell me how I can get to the railway station?,3/43,(4)表示推测“可能”(用于否定句、疑问句中),*Just be patient.You,cant,expect the world to change so soon.,4/43,2.may/might,(1)表示请求、允许、许可,might比may语气更委婉,*,May,I take the book out?,Im afraid not.,(2)表示推测“可能”,可能性比can/could小,*I dont really like James.Why did you invite him?,Dont worry.He,might not,come.He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.,5/43,3.must,(1)表示“必须;应该”,*Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?,I am afraid you,must,in case he comes late for the meeting.,(2)表示“偏要,硬要”做某事,*If you,must,go,at least wait until the storm is over.,6/43,(3)表示推测,“一定”,*Good morning.Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.,Ah,good morning.You,must be,Mrs Peter.,7/43,4.shall,(1)用于第一、三人称疑问句中,表示征求对方意见,*,Shall,we go to the theatre by bus?,(2)用于第二、三人称陈说句,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁;另外,表示法律、条文中要求必须时也用shall,8/43,*Will you read me a story,Mummy?,OK.You,shall,have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.,9/43,5.should,(1)表示劝说和提议,作“应该”讲,*You,should,learn from each other.,(2)表示诧异、意外等情绪,意为“竟然”,*It is surprising that you,should,not know it.,10/43,(3)用在if条件句中,表示可能性很小,但也不是完全不可能,*If you,should,fail to come,ask Mr Smith to work in your place.,11/43,6.will/would,(1)用于表示意志或意愿,*Why didnt you come to Simons party last night?,I wanted to,but my mom simply,would,not let me out so late at night.,(2)表示“请求;提议”。用would比will委婉、客气些,*,Will/Would,you please keep the door open?,12/43,(3)表示习惯,will能够表示现在习惯,意为“总是;习惯于”。表示过去习惯性动作用would,*He,would,get up early when he lived in the country.,(4)表示事物某种性质和倾向,或按规律“注定会”,*Oil,will,float on water.,13/43,7.need,表示“需要;必要”,用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中,*I,neednt,worry about my weekendI always have my plans ready before it comes.,14/43,8.dare,表示“敢;勇于”,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,普通不用于必定句。I dare say是习惯说法,意为“我想,大约”,*I,darent,catch the mouse.,15/43,9.ought to,表示义务,意为“应该”,语气比should强,表示不十分必定或含蓄推测,意为“应是,应该”,*You,ought to,work harder than before.,16/43,【点津】,3组易混词(组)使用方法比较,情态动词,主要使用方法,can,(could)/,be able,to,can/could,can只有现在式和过去式(could),表示普通能力,be able to,有更多时态形式,was/were able to表示经过努力、克服困难成功做到了某事,must/,have,to,must,侧重表示说话人主观看法,常译为“非要,偏要”;只有一个形式,have to,表示客观需要,有各种时态形式,17/43,情态动词,主要使用方法,would/,used to,would,表示过去习惯性或重复性动作,没有与现在对比含义,used to,表示过去经常发生动作或存在状态,强调今昔对比(意味着“现在不再了”),18/43,【典例剖析】,单句改错,(全国卷)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.,解题关键:情态动词can后要接动词原形。,答案判定:chose改为choose,19/43,【高考题组】,单句改错/单句语法填空,1.(全国卷)We can lie on the grass for a rest,or sat by the lake listening to music.(改错),_,2.(北京高考)I love the weekend,because I,_ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.,3.(全国卷)You may _(find)that your child is attracted by one more than another.,sat改为sit,neednt,find,20/43,考点2 5大表示推测情态动词使用方法比较,情态动词,适用句式,适用时态,意义,must,必定句,普通时、进行时、完成时,一定、,必定,Jack described his father,who,must have been,a brave boy many years ago,as a strong-willed man.,21/43,情态动词,适用句式,适用时态,意义,can(could),疑问句,否定句,普通时、进行时、完成时,可能,能够,It,cant,be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock.,22/43,情态动词,适用句式,适用时态,意义,may,(might),必定句,否定句,普通时、进行时、完成时,可能,可能,I left my handbag on the train,but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.,How unbelievable to get it back!I mean,someone,might,have stolen it.,23/43,情态动词,适用句式,适用时态,意义,should,(ought to),必定句,否定句,普通时、完成时,确定或期待,“应该”,I,shouldnt,have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.,will,(would),必定句、否定句、疑问句,普通时、进行时、完成时,大约,This,will,be the house youre looking for.,24/43,二、虚拟语气,考点1状语从句中虚拟语气使用方法,1.非真实条件句中虚拟语气使用方法,if条件从句,从句谓语形式,主句谓语形式,表示现在情况,动词过去式(be过去式用were),should/would/could/,might+动词原形,If I,had,time,I,would,go there.,25/43,if条件从句,从句谓语形式,主句谓语形式,表示过去情况,had+过去分词,should/would/could/,might+have+过去分词,If you,had come,earlier,you,couldnt/wouldnt have missed,the bus.,表示未来情况,should+动词原形,should/would/could/might+动词原形,动词过去式,were to+动词原形,If it,should,rain/,rained/were to,rain tomorrow,the sports meeting,would be,put off.,26/43,2.目标状语从句中虚拟语气使用方法,for fear that/in case+从句:从句谓语用should+动词原形,意为“以防,万一”。,*We got up early,for fear that,we,should,miss the early bus.,27/43,3.方式状语从句中虚拟语气使用方法,as if/as though+从句:(1)与现在事实相反,从句用普通过去时;(2)与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时;(3)与未来事实相反,从句谓语用would/could/might+动词原形。,*She speaks English,as if/as though,she,were,a native of New York.,28/43,4.一些特殊结构虚拟语气,(1)在条件句中省略:假如虚拟条件句中含有were,should,had三个词,可将if省略,把这三个词前置于主语之前,形成部分倒装。,*,Were,I in your position,I would do the same.,29/43,(2)错综时间虚拟句:当条件状语从句所表示行为和主句表示行为所发生时间不一致时,这种虚拟条件句称为错综时间虚拟句。动词形式要依据它所表示时间做出对应调整。,*If you,had taken,the doctors advice,you,would be,better now.,30/43,(3)含蓄虚拟条件句:有时假设情况并不以条件句表示出来,而是暗含在上下文中,如经过介词(短语)with,without,but for等来表示。,*We,would have,put Johns name on the race list yesterday,but for,his recent injury.,31/43,考点2 其它从句中虚拟语气使用方法,1.主语从句中虚拟语气,It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/a pity+that从句,从句中谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。,*Its,strange,that she(should)make so much trouble.,32/43,2.宾语从句中虚拟语气,(1)表示“提议,命令,要求”等意义时,宾语从句用“(should+)动词原形”。坚持:动词insist;命令:order,command;提议:动词advise,suggest,propose,recommend;要求:动词request,require,demand,ask。,*Teachers,recommend,parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.,33/43,【点津】,suggest意为“表明,暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气;,insist意为“坚持说”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。,34/43,(2)I wish(that)+宾语从句(虚拟语气)。,表示愿望与“现在事实相反”,从句用普通过去时;,*How he,wishes,that he were a bird!,表示愿望与“过去事实相反”,从句用过去完成时;,*We,wish,that we had visited the Great Wall last year.,表示未来愿望实现可能性很小,从句惯用could/would+动词原形。,*We,wish,we would live on the moon one day.,35/43,(3)would rather/prefer+that从句(从句用虚拟语气),表示愿望与“现在事实或未来事实相反”,从句用普通过去时。,*I,would rather,you,were,not here with me now.,表示愿望与“过去事实相反”,从句用过去完成时。,*I,would rather,you hadnt done that.,36/43,3.表语从句和同位语从句中虚拟语气,(1)在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其组成是“(should+)动词原形”。,*He gave,orders,that the guests(should)be hospitably entertained.,37/43,(2)as if,as though引导表语从句惯用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用普通过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时。,*It looks,as if,he were 10 years younger today.,*It looks,as if,he hadnt had a meal for a week.,38/43,4.定语从句中虚拟语气,Its(about/high/very)time+that从句(从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用普通过去时或should+动词原形,should不能省略),意为“某人该做某事了”。,*,Its time that,we should go/went home.,5.if only从句中虚拟语气,39/43,【点津】,if only引导感叹句,其虚拟语气结构与wish后接宾语从句中虚拟语气结构相同。,*,If only,the driver hadnt driven so fast then!,40/43,【典例剖析】,改错,(全国卷)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.,解题关键:suggest表示“提议”,后面接宾语从句时,从句中谓语用should+动词原形或把should省略。,答案判定:can改为should或去掉can,41/43,【高考题组】,用所给词适当形式填空,1.(北京高考)Why didnt you tell me about your,trouble last week?If you _(tell)me,I could,have helped.,2.(天津高考)I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt,been wearing one,I _(injure).,had told,would have been injured,42/43,43/43,