九年级Unit2A3Grammar-4c.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 2,Section A 3Grammar Focus-4c,Unit 1How can we become good learners?,第1页,Grammar Focus,I know that the Water,Festival is really fun.,I wonder if theyll have,the races again next year.,I wonder whether June is a,good time to visit Hong Kong.,I believe that April is the,hottest month in Thailand.,What fun the Water,Festival is!,How fantastic the dragon,boat teams were!,How pretty the dragon boats,were!,How delicious the food is,in Hong Kong!,第2页,Look at these sentences,What a great day!,What fun the Water Festival is!,How pretty the dragon boats were!,How delicious the food is in Hong Kong!,感叹句,通常由,what,how,引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦等感情。,Exclamatory statements,第3页,what,引导感叹句,What,an honest man,(he is),!,What,beautiful flowers,(these are),!,What,bad weather,(it is),!,how,引导感叹句,How,good a book,it is!,How,careless,(you are)!,How,I miss you!,How,+,adj.+a/an+n.,+,主+谓,+!,How,+,(adj./adv.)+,主+谓,+!,What,+,a/an+(adj.)+n.,(单数),+,(主+谓),+!,What,+(adj.)+n.(,复数/不可数,)+,(主+谓),+!,第4页,宾语从句:,一.,宾语从句概念,（,什么是宾语从句）,试比较,We,know,him,简单句,主s 谓v 宾,o,We,know,he likes basketball.,复合句,主s 谓v 宾o,主s 谓v,宾o,宾语从句就是由一个,句子来组成主句宾语,We know,that,Mr Green teaches English.,She asked,if,these answers were right.,He couldnt tell me,where,his home was.,主句,连接词,宾语从句,that,连接词,连接词,（宾语从句）,第5页,I think,that,they,re,fun to watch,.,Mary thinks,that,the teams,were,fantastic,.,3.Bill wonders,whether,they,ll have,the sweet rice dumplings again next year,.,4.I wonder,if,it,s,similar to the water festival of the Dai people in Yunnan Province,.,Read the sentences below,paying attention to the underlined parts.,Object clauses with,that,if,and,whether,第6页,二、宾语从句三要素,引导词,（连接词）,语 序,时 态,陈说句that (口语中常被省略。),普通疑问句if/whether,特殊疑问句原有特殊疑问词,陈说句语序,（主句+连接词+,主语+谓语+其它成份,.）,当主句是普通现在时，从句用该用时态。,当主句是普通过去时态，从句必须用,对应过去某一时态。,第7页,These planet will produce food and oxygen that we need to live on Mars.,Scientists will develop plants that can grow on Mars.,People think that humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier.,We all know that Mars is a planet in the solar system.,The journey to Mars could take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light.,Some scientists do not believe that the journey to Mars will be very comfortable.,Which of the following sentences has an object clause?,第8页,4a,Write sentences using the words given.,e.g.think/Lantern Festival/beautiful,I think that the Lantern Festival is beautiful.,1.dont know/whether/he/come home/for the festival _,2.believe/Water Festival/most/fun _,3.wonder/if/mooncakes/delicious _,4.how/exciting/races _,5.what/interesting/city _,I dont know whether he will come home for the festival.,I believe the Water Festival is the most fun.,I wonder if the mooncakes are delicious.,How exciting the races are!,What an interesting city!,第9页,Read the passage below and underline the,objective clauses.,Dear Xia Yu,Do you know that there are two special days for parents in America?One is Mothers Day on the second Sunday of May and the other is Fathers Day on the third Sunday of June.On these two days,American children often give gifts to their parents or take them out for lunch or dinner.Common gifts are flowers and cards for mothers and shirts or ties for fathers.I heard that it is becoming more and more popular to celebrate Mothers Day and Fathers Day in China.I wonder if children over there also give similar gifts to their parents.I believe that there are many ways to show our love.Actually,we dont have to spend a lot of money.It is also a good idea to help parents to do something instead.,June,4b,第10页,Object clauses with,that,由that引导宾语从句,当宾语从句是陈说句时（包含必定句和否定句），连词由,that,引导。,注：,that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不充当成份，,在口语当中往往省略。,The teacher says,“We,ll,have exams next Friday.”,The teacher says,(that),we,ll,have exams next Friday.,The girl said,“I,can,help him.”,The girl said,(that),she,could,help him.,Miss Liu will go to the beach tomorrow.(I hear),The food was delicious.(He says),I hear(that)Miss Liu will go to the beach tomorrow.,He says(that)the food was delicious.,一、连词（引导词）,第11页,练一练,1.This is a book.,2.You like singing.,3.He worked last night.,4.They will go home.,5.Jim has been to Beijing.,6.She sings well.,用以下开头与以下句子连成宾语从句:,1.I know,2.She says,3.Tell your friend,（that）,第12页,1.I hear(that)_.,2.He said(that)_.,3.The teacher told us(that)_ _.,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves,around the sun,练习：,April is the hottest month of the year.(I believe),_,2.It was a little crowded.(I guess)_,3.The races were not that interesting to watch.(Bill thinks)_,4.The Water Festival is really fun.(I know)_,他将一小时候回来,他很想念我们,地球围着太阳旋转,I believe(that)April is the hottest month of the year.,I guess(that)it was a little crowded.,Bill thinks(that)the races were not that interesting to watch.,I,know,(that)the Water Festival,is,really fun.,第13页,连词that不能省略几个情况,在由that引导宾语从句中，因为连词that只起引导功效，无详细意义，不担当任何成份，所以在口语或非正式文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外情况，在以下that引导宾语从句中，that则不能省略。,1.从句主语是that。如：,He says,that that,is a real kings hat.,他说那是一个真王冠。,2.that从句中含有主从复合句。如：,Im afraid,that,if youve lost it,you must pay for it.,3.主、从句之间有插入语时。如：,It says here,on this card,that,it was used in plays.,卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用。,4.若出现两个或两上以上由that引导宾语从句，且由并列 连词连接时，只有第一个连词that能够省略。如：,She said,(that),she would come and,that,she would also bring her son.她说她要来，还要带她儿子来。,第14页,Object clauses with,if,and,whether,当宾语从句是普通疑问句时连词由,if,和,whether,引导,。,表,“是否”,意思,我问他,是否,想去游泳,I ask,Does he want to go swim?,if/whether,I ask,he want,s,to go swim,1.改为陈说句语气，,2.用if/whether连接,一、连词（引导词）,第15页,Object clauses with,if,and,whether,由,if/whether引导宾语从句,I.,if,和,whether,引导宾语从句时，作,“是否”,讲，普通情况下，二者没有区分，能够换用。但if惯用于口语中，whether比较正式。,.if和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即,连词、语序和时态,。,if和whether,连接是,普通疑问句,，所以要注意把从句语序,改为陈说句语序,。如：,Does,Mr Zhao,live,in Room?Could you tell me?,Could you tell me if/whether Mr Zhao,lives,in Room,?,Tom asked me,“,Are,you a student?”,Tom ask,ed,me,if,I,was,a student.,第16页,其次要注意时态改变：,1.若,主句,是,普通现在时,，,从句,用任何,所需时态,。如：,He want,s,to know if/whether they,had,a good,journey home.他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。,2.若,主句是普通过去时,，,从句,则用跟过去,相关时态,。即普通现在时变为普通过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、普通未来时为过去未来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。如：,Did,the train,leave,?She didnt know.,She,didnt know,if/whether the train,had left,.,Li Lei wonders.,Is,Jim in?,Li Lei wonder,s,if,Jim,is,in.,The doctor wonders.,Has,she taken any medicine?,The doctor wonder,s,if,she,has,taken any medicine.,Tom asked me,“,Are,you a student?”,Tom ask,ed,me,if,I,was,a student.,第17页,普通疑问句语序变陈说句语序,原普通疑问句主语前假如是,be,动词、,情态动词,或,其它,助动词，,则应将其,放到主语之后。,如：He asks:Is Tom a diver?,-He asks whether Tom is a driver.,练习：将以下句子改成陈说句语序：,1.Is there a bank near here?,2.Is it on Fifth Avenue?,3.Are they doing homework?,4.Can we wear hats in school?,There is,a bank near here,It is,on Fifth Avenue,They are,doing homework,we can,wear hats in school,二、语序,第18页,原普通疑问句主语前假如是助动词do/does,/did，应去掉，谓语动词应改为其对应形式,原普通疑问句主语前假如是dont/doesnt/,didnt，则直接将其放到主语之后；,如：,Does,he like apples?I dont know.,-I dont know whether,he likes,apples.,5.,Does,she work in a hospital?,6.,Did,you go to Center Park?,7.,Do,we have to wear a uniform?,she,works,in a hospital,you,went,to Center Park,we,have to,wear a uniform,第19页,练一练,1.Is he reading?,2.Do you get up at six?,3.Does Tom work hard?,4.Did you watch TV?,5.Will they read books?,6.Can you sing?,用以下开头与以下句子连成宾语从句:,1.Do you know,2.I want to know,3.The teacher asks,if/whether,第20页,1.Is Jim at home?(I wonder)_,2.Is June a good time to visit Hong Kong?(He wonders)_,3.Does he like sports?(Do you know),_,4.Will they play basketball after school?(He asked)_,5.Did he like this sweater?(I want to know),_,6.Can you help me?(He asked me),_,Object clauses with,if,and,whether,I want to know if(whether)he liked this sweater.,He asked me whether(if)I could help him.,I wonder if/whether Jim is at home?,He wonders if/weather June is a good time to visit,Hong Kong.,Do you know if/whether he likes sports?,He asked if whether they Will play basketball after school.,第21页,.if和whether区分,二者在以下几个情况下不能换用：,宾语从句,置于句首,表示强调时，应whether，,不用if。如：,Whether,it is true or not,I cant tell.,这是否对，我不能判断。,2.宾语从句,与or not,直接,连用,时，应 whether，不能用if。如：,I dont know,whether,or not,he will come tomorrow.我不知道他明天是否来。,3.,与动词不定式连用,时，只能用whether。如：,She cant decide,whether to go,to America.,她不能决定是否去美国。,注意以下情况只用whether不用if,第22页,4.从句,作介词宾语,时，只能用whether。如：,I worry,about,whether I hurt her feeling.,我担心是否伤了她感情。,5.宾语从句,谓语动词是否定形式时,，只能用,if，不能用whether。如：,Tom wants to know if he,wont,come here,tomorrow.汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。,6.if意为“,假如，假如,”时，能够引导条件状语从句，而whether没有这个使用方法。如：,If,Simon comes here tomorrow,Ill call you.,假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。,第23页,尤其强调：If 与whether 区分(不可替换情况),1.I dont know _ he will come or not.,（与or not 连用只能用whether）,2.That depends on _he can come back.,（介词后只能用whether）,3.He wondered _to stay here the next week.（后与to do 不定式连用只能用whether）,4._he will come is not decided.,（句首只能用whether）,第24页,我想知道你最喜欢哪一条领带？,特殊疑问句变成 陈说语序,连接词就是疑问词本身,ATTENTION,Object clauses with w/wh/h,（特殊疑问句做宾语）,特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，宾语从句结构为,连接代词/连接副词陈说句。,which sweater,you like,best,I wonder,I wonder,which sweater,do you like,best,连词（引导词）,第25页,特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，假如,疑问词作主语,或主语定语，其,语序不用改变,；,假如疑问词充当其它,句子,成份,，则宾语从句结构为连接代词/连接副词,陈说句。,如：,Who,can,answer the question?I want to know.,-I want to know,who can,answer the question.,Whose book,is,on the desk?We all know.,-We all know,whose book is,on the desk.,When,will they,arrive?Please tell us.,-Please tell us when,they will,arrive.,特殊疑问句变为宾语从句后，用问号还是用句号完全取决于主句句式：如,主句为,陈说句、祈使句，句,末就用,句号,；如,主句是,疑问句,，句末就,用问号,。如：,I dont know,when we shall start tomorrow,Do you know,when we shall start tomorrow,？,第26页,练一练,What is this?,What are you doing?,Where do you live?,When does he get up?,How did you go to work?,Who will you play with?,用以下开头与以下句子连成宾语从句:,1.Do you know,2.I want to know,3.Can you tell me,第27页,He asks me,“What does your father do?”,He asks me what my father does.,He asked me,“Where did you go yesterday?”,He asked me where I went yesterday.,练习：,1.He asked Lucy,“Whats your favorite subject?”,2.Can you tell me,“Why do you like English so much?”,3.Do you know,“Where is the nearest post office?”,4.I asked the boy,“Which book do you like best?”,Object clauses with w/wh/h,【注意】疑问句中主语之前助动词若是 dodoes,did，变为宾语从句时，要先将其去掉，谓语动,词再依据时态作对应改变。,第28页,8.Wheres your pen pal from?,9.Where does he live?,10.What language does she speak?,11.Why do you like pandas?,Where your pen pal,is,from,Where he,lives,What language she,speaks,Why you like pandas,第29页,I,hear,(that),Jim,(be)a worker two years ago.,Jim,(be)an English teacher now.,Jim,(,cook)dinner tomorrow.,Jim,(,sing)a popular song now.,Jim,(,be)to the Great Wall twice.Jim,(,play)basketball when his father came back.,Jim,(learn)1000 Chinese words by the end of last semester.,填一填,was,is,will cook,is singing,has been,was playing,had learned,1.当主句是普通现在时，宾语从句时态不作限制，我们能够依据句子需要使用任何一个时态。,（需要性标准）,三、宾语从句中时态改变,第30页,2.当主句是普通过去时时候，宾语从句必须利用对应过去某一个时态，,从而到达主句和从句相互一致。（呼应性标准）,1)He,will go,to Hong Kong.,2)He,is,sick.,3)He,is reading,a book.,4)He,has finished,his work.,1)He to Hong Kong,.,2)He sick.,3)He,a book.,4)He,He,said,辨一辨,would go,was,was reading,his work.,had finished,He,says,第31页,确定从句时态(依据主句时态),主句时态,从 句 时 态,连 接 前,连 接 后,普通现在时,时态保持不变,普通过去时,普通现在时,普通过去时,普通过去时,过去完成时,普通未来时,过去未来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,第32页,the sun much bigger than the moon.,3.,当宾语从句说明是客观存在事实或者是客观存在真理时，就不用受到主句时态限制，仍是用普通现在时态。（特殊性标准）,ATTENTION,He,told,me,(that),Summer after Spring,.,is,I,was told,(that),is,no news good news,.,My parents,told,me(that),is,第33页,注意：宾语从句否定转移：假如,主句谓语动词是 think,believe,guess 等,，而且主句,主语,又是,第一人称,时，它后面接,宾语从句否定词,通常要前,移到主句中,，即否定主句中动词，而从句用必定形式（主语为第一人称，否定在主句，翻译在从句。）,翻译：1.我认为不会下雨,I _ _ that it _ _.,2.我认为你答案不对.,I _ _your answer _ right.,.我们相信他还没走.,We _ _ that he _ _,dont think,will rain,dont think is,dont believe,has gone,第34页,.Find out the mistakes and correct them.,1 Could you tell me where do they live?,2 She knew that Danny is a student.,3 He told me that winter was colder than autumn.,4.Do you know who car it is?,5.Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school.,6.Father told me the sun always rose in the east.,7.He doesnt know that when she can come back.,8.I dont understand what did you say.,was,is,whose,I was,rises,you said,第35页,依据汉语句子意思完成以下英语句子,1.我认为玛丽不回来了。,I dont think Mary _ _.,2.山姆给我说他准备去上海。,Sam told me that he _ _ for Shanghai.,3.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京火车。,I want to know _ there is a train to Beijing.,will,come,was,leaving,if/,whether,第36页,Choose the right answers.,1.I dont know if Mr.Wang _on a field trip.If he _ on a field trip tomorrow,please call me.,A.goes;will go B.will go;goes,C.will go;will go D.goes;goes,2.She asked me if I knew _.,A.whose pen was it B.whose pen it was,C.whose pen it is D.whose pen is it,3.They wondered if the teacher _ us English the,next term.A.would teach B.had taught,C.will teach D.taught,4.The boy asked _ any noise from outside.,A.whether had I heard B.whether I had heard,C.whether have I heard D.whether I have heard,B,B,A,B,第37页,5.I havent decide _ Ill go out or stay at,home.A.if B.when C.why D.whether,6.I want to know _ he loves you.,A.that B.what C.if D.who,7.I wondered _ our teacher was going to,attend our party.,A.whether B.why,C.where D.that,8.Id like to know _ or not.,A.whether will he come,B.whether has he come,C.whether he will come,D.if he will come,D,C,A,C,第38页,1.Uncle Wang came up to see,_,there was anything wrong with the machine.,2.The shop keeper asked my father _ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree.,if/whether,whether,3.I dont know _ to go or stay.,4._ that is true,what should we do?,whether,If,5._ they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell.,Whether,Complete the sentences with,if,/,whether,.,第39页,