英语写作中的悬垂修饰问题.pptx

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,Page,*,LOGO,自动化工程学院 信号与信息处理 黄山,悬垂修饰Dangling Modifiers,1/14,悬垂修饰语Dangling Modifiers,背景,文本和线条,阴影,标题文本,填充,强调,超链接,已访超链接,Dangling Modifiers,定义,指与句子主语不能组成逻辑上主谓关系修饰语。,是写作过程中常见句子错误之一,，,会造成逻辑关系混乱。,悬垂修饰语多位于句首。,经典错句,Hearing a number of entertaining stories,our visit was,thoroughly enjoyable.,上例中Hearing a number of entertaining stories是一个修饰性词组,，,但他修饰哪个词呢,?,从逻辑上讲,他不可能修饰visit,。,那么,，,“谁”听到这些故事呢,？,是visit行为主体“我们”。不过we这个词在句子中却没有出现,，,所以这个修饰性词组,失去其修饰对象而呈游离或悬垂状态,，,被称作悬垂修饰语。,2/14,错句详解,背景,文本和线条,阴影,标题文本,填充,强调,超链接,已访超链接,Dangling Modifiers,At the age of ten,my grandfather died.,这句中”at,the age of ten”只点出十岁时,，,但没有说明“谁”十岁时,，,按普通推理,不可能是my grandfather。,假如我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,，,全句就不,那么费解了,。,改为,：,When I was ten,my,grandfather died.,To do well in college,good grades are essential.,剖析,：,句中不定式短语“to do well in college”逻辑主语不清楚,。,改为,：,To do well in college,a,student needs good grades.,3/14,错因归纳,背景,文本和线条,阴影,标题文本,填充,强调,超链接,已访超链接,Dangling Modifiers,轻易出现悬垂修饰语情况普通在使用,分词、动名词、不定式,和省略句,时轻易,出现这类错误。,上述三类非谓语动词在句子中作状语时,，,他们逻辑主语和,主句主语应同为一人或一物。假如出现不一致情况,，,分词独立,结构除外,，,非谓语动词短语与主句主语之间修饰关系就会断,裂,，,动词短语失去修饰对象而呈游离或悬垂状态,，,整个句子意义,完整性和逻辑性即被破坏。,4/14,背景,文本和线条,阴影,标题文本,填充,强调,超链接,已访超链接,Dangling Modifiers,补充,上述四个例句,，,悬垂修饰语都位于句首,，,但它也常位于句末。如,：,The dog had only one eye,caused by an accident.,5/14,悬垂修饰其它句子成份,背景,文本和线条,阴影,标题文本,填充,强调,超链接,已访超链接,Dangling Modifiers,当然,，,上述几个只是常见错误。悬垂修饰语还可能出现于其它句子成份。,悬垂修饰同位语短语,例,：,A soldier of proved valor,they,entrusted him with the defense of the city.,改,：,A soldier of proved valor,he was entrusted with the defense of the city.,悬垂形容词,例,：,Young and inexperienced,the task,seemed easy to me.,改,：,Young and inexperienced,I thought the,task easy.,6/14,怎样防止这种错误,背景,文本和线条,阴影,标题文本,填充,强调,超链接,已访超链接,Dangling Modifiers,Climbing up the hill,a temple came in sight.,非谓语动词短语做状语时,，,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。,上句中修饰语“Climbing up the hill”与句子主语“a temple”之间不存在逻辑上,主位,关系,，,组成了垂悬修饰语。我们有以下两种方法来修改,：,（1）,找出垂悬修饰语逻辑主语。,Climbing up the hill,we came in,sight of a temple.,（2）,将垂悬修饰语改为从句。,After we climbed up the hill,a,temple came in sight.,7/14,怎样防止这种错误,背景,文本和线条,阴影,标题文本,填充,强调,超链接,已访超链接,Dangling Modifiers,基本标准,放在句首修饰短语,，,一定要修饰句中主语。,当一个修饰短语在句中找不到与它有逻辑关系主语时,，,它就成了“悬垂修饰语”。,修改方法,可用以下两种方法,：,一个是,，,在句子中加上一个能被分词短语所修饰词,。,另一个方法是把分词短语改为状语从句。,8/14,举一反三,背景,文本和线条,阴影,标题文本,填充,强调,超链接,已访超链接,Dangling Modifiers,原句,：,At the age of six,my uncle bought my first pet,a,goldfish.,分析,：,At the age of six并非是指my uncle六岁时。在句中也找,不到其它被修饰对象。所以他成了垂悬修饰语。,试改,：,When I was six,my uncle bought me my first pet,a,goldfish.,or,At the age of six,I received my first pet from,my uncle.,9/14,举一反三,背景,文本和线条,阴影,标题文本,填充,强调,超链接,已访超链接,Dangling Modifiers,原句,：,Looking up at the sky,the sun went under a,cloud,.,分析,：,分词短语行为动作,在句中找不到行为实施者。,这是垂悬分词。,试改,：,Looking up at the sky,I saw the sun go under,a cloud.,10/14,举一反三,背景,文本和线条,阴影,标题文本,填充,强调,超链接,已访超链接,Dangling Modifiers,原句,：,While reading the paper last night,an article on,solar,energy attracted my attention,.,分析,：,句中没有任何能够reading a paper 人名。这是垂悬,省略从句。,试改,：,While reading the paper,I became interested in an,article on solar energy.,11/14,举一反三,背景,文本和线条,阴影,标题文本,填充,强调,超链接,已访超链接,Dangling Modifiers,原句,：,To ski properly,a course of instruction and,training,is necessary.,分析,：,不定式行为动作,在句中找不到行为实施者。这是,垂悬不定式,。,试改,：,To ski properly,a beginner should take a,course of,instruction and training.,12/14,举一反三,背景,文本和线条,阴影,标题文本,填充,强调,超链接,已访超链接,Dangling Modifiers,原句,：,By lowering the prices,more goods can be,sold.,分析,：,这是垂悬动名词。,试改,：,We can sell more goods by lowering their,prices.,13/14,Thanks,for your Attention,14/14,