高中英语-Unit-14-Careers-Section-Ⅳ-Grammar-&-Writing.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Section,Grammar&Writing,Unit 14 Careers,1/41,直接引语和间接引语,一、定义,直接引语是一字不改地将他人话放在引号内。间接引语是用自己话对他人话进行转述，不用引号。比如：,He said,，“,Mudslide has caused great harm to the local people.”,他说：,“,泥石流给当地人们造成了巨大损害。,”,(,引号内话为直接引语,),2/41,He said that mudslide had caused great harm to the local people.,他说泥石流给当地人们造成了巨大损害。,(that,引导宾语从句为间接引语,),3/41,二、直接引语和间接引语之间转换规则,1,人称改变,直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要依据转述人立场改变作对应改变。,直接引语变间接引语人称改变口诀：,“,一随主,，,二随宾,，,第三人称不更新。,”,(1),“,一随主,”,。指在直接引语变间接引语时,，,假如从句中主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰,，,从句中人称要按照主句中主语人称而改变。,4/41,5/41,6/41,7/41,2,时态改变,直接引语变间接引语时动词改变以下表：,直接引语,间接引语,句子时态,普通现在时,普经过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,普经过去时,过去完成时,过去完成时,不变,普通未来时,过去未来时,8/41,直接引语,间接引语,例,句,He said,，,“,The film had begun when I got to the cinema.”,He said that the film had begun when he got to the cinema.,I asked the teacher,，“,When shall we have our sports meeting,？,”,I asked the teacher when we would have our sports meeting.,9/41,在下面几个情况中,，,直接引语变为间接引语时,，,时态不发生改变。,(1),直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时,，,其时态不变。,“,The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth,，”,the teacher told me.,The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.,(2),直接引语中有详细表过去某年、某月、某日作状语,，,变为间接引语时,，,时态不变。比如：,Tom said,，“,I was born on April 21,，,1980.,”,Tom said he was born on April 21,，,1980.,10/41,3,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词改变,引语,用词,直接引语,间接引语,指示,代词,this,这个,that,那个,these,这些,those,那些,时间,状语,now,现在,then,那时,today,今天,that day,那天,this morning,今天早晨,that morning那天早晨,tonight,今天晚上,that night,那天晚上,11/41,引语,用词,直接引语,间接引语,时间,状语,tomorrow,明天,the next/following day,第二天,yesterday,昨天,the day before,前一天,last night,昨天晚上,the night before,前一天晚上,the day before,yesterday,前天,two days before,两天前,three days ago,三天前,three days before,三天前,next week,下一周,the next/following week,第二周,12/41,引语,用词,直接引语,间接引语,时间状语,ago(,至今,),以前,before(,那时,),以前,地点状语,here,这儿,there,那儿,方向性,动词,bring,带来,take,带走,come,来,go,去,13/41,4.,连接词选择,(1),直接引语是陈说句，变为间接引语时，常变成由,that,引导宾语从句。在口语中，,that,能够省略。比如：,He said,，“,I was cooking when the earthquake happened.”,He said(that)he was cooking when the earthquake happened.,直接引语是陈说句时,，,若变为间接引语,，,主句谓语动词,“said to sb.”,常改为,“told sb.”,。,She said to me,，,“,I came back an hour ago.,”,She told me(that)she had come back an hour before.,14/41,(2),直接引语是普通疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用,whether(.or.,或,.or not),或,if,引导。,He said,，,“,Are you interested in English,？,”,He asked(me)if/whether I was interested in English.,假如主句中谓语动词是,said,，,则将其改为,asked,。,15/41,(3),直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中特殊疑问词来引导，其余改变遵照直接引语和间接引语之间转换规则来进行。,“,Whats your name,？,”,he asked me.,He asked me what my name was.,疑问句直接引语变间接引语时,，,要把疑问语序变成陈说语序。,16/41,5,祈使句直接引语变间接引语,祈使句间接引语形式多采取,“,动词宾语动词不定式,”,结构。常见引述动词有,ask,，,tell,，,beg,，,warn,，,remind,，,advise,，,order,等。,(1),引述表示命令祈使句，惯用,tell,，,order,等转述。比如：,17/41,直接引语中称呼语,，,普通把它看成宾语用。,18/41,(2),引述表示提议、劝说祈使句，能够用,advise,，,suggest,等词转述。,19/41,(3),引述表示请求祈使句，惯用,ask,，,beg,等词转述。,20/41,(4),引述表示警告或提醒祈使句用,remind,，,warn,等词转述。,21/41,6,普通疑问句直接引语变间接引语,若直接引语中普通疑问句是由表示委婉语气,would,，,could,等组成疑问句，转换为间接引语时句子谓语动词惯用,asked,。比如：,22/41,7,感叹句直接引语变间接引语,直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语能够用,what,或,how,引导也能够用,that,引导。,有些感叹句转述要依据原句意思采取适当动词变陈说,句。,“,Happy New Year,！,”,he said to me.,He wished me a Happy New Year.,23/41,单句语法填空,1,He told me that he _,(go)to see his parents the next week.,2,Mr.Li asked me _ I would go to spend my holiday in Hainan.,3,The teacher said that the sun _,(rise)in the east and _,(go)down in the west.,4,The old man told me that he _,(like)popular music very much.,would,go,whether/why,rises,goes,liked,24/41,5,She often says that she _,(not forget)the kind woman forever.,6,He asked me if I would go to the beach _ next month.,7,He said that he _,(have)supper when the doorbell rang.,will,not,forget,the,was,having,25/41,8,The guide said that he _,(travel)many places so far.,9,The little girl told me that she _,(draw)two pictures already.,10,The writer told us that he _,(travel)around the world the next year.,had,travelled,had,drawn,would,travel,26/41,单句改错,1,The mother asked her son close all the windows at once._,2,He asked me whether I will go to see the film with him._,3,My friend told me that he is listening to music when the teacher came in._,4,The old man said that he has given away most of his money so far._,5,The teacher ordered the students stay in the classroom today._,close,前加,to,will,would,is,was,has,had,stay,前加,to,27/41,怎样写求职信,文体感知,求职信分为推荐信和自荐信两种，写求职信可按以下步骤进行。,1,介绍消息起源,介绍消息起源实际上是求职信开篇交代句，它可使求职信显得自然、顺畅。,28/41,2,表明求职心愿,介绍完消息起源后，应向收信人表明自己求职心愿，即写信目标。,3,介绍个人简历,介绍个人简历主要是介绍自己有哪些优点，为何以为自己能胜任这个职位等。,4,交代联络方式,你应该提供你通讯地址、邮政编码、电话号码、电子信箱等。,5,表明感激之情,不论你请求是否能够得到满意回复，你给用人单位写信就是给对方添了麻烦，所以你应向对方表明感激之情。,29/41,增分佳句,1,I learned from the newspaper/sb.that your company wanted to hire.,2,I was told that.,3,I have just read in the newspaper that.,4,Now I,d like to introduce myself to you.,5,My name is.I,m.years old.I,m.cm tall.,6,I graduated from.University in.,30/41,7,I like swimming,，,singing and dancing in my spare time.,8,I work hard and I can get along well with others.,9,Thank you for your consideration of my application.,10,If you agree with me,，,I,ll work hard and try to be a.,11,I am available for an interview.,12,I look forward to hearing from you.,31/41,写作要求,假如你是,Mary,，在报纸上看到一则招聘售货员广告，你以为这个工作很适合你，于是决定写一封应聘信。,内容：,1.,信息起源及你想法；,2,自我介绍；,3,你构想或计划。,32/41,注意：,1.,语言通顺；,2,可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；,3,词数,100,左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；,4,不得使用真实姓名或学校名称。,33/41,Dear Mr.Smith,，,My name is Mary.I,m very glad to write to you.,_,_,_,_,I hope to get your reply soon.Thank you!,Yours sincerely,，,Mary,34/41,审题谋篇,项目,结论,体裁,应用文,(,应聘、求职信,),话题,求职,时态,以普通现在时为主,人称,第一人称,35/41,be,fit,for,词句推敲,1,词汇,适当；适合,_,健康，活泼，含有创造性,_,自,毕业,_,不但,而且,_,友好、外向,_,乐于助人,_,能力,_,机会,_,healthy,，,active,and,creative,graduate,from,not,only.but,also,friendly,and,outgoing,be,ready,to,help,others,ability,chance,36/41,2,句式,我健康、活泼、有创造力，所以有能力把工作做好。,普通表示：,I,m healthy,，,active and creative.I,m able to do my job,well.,高级表示：,(,使用,so,连接,),_,I,m,healthy,，,active,and,creative,，,so,I,have,the,ability,to,do,my,job,well.,37/41,我不但会写英语文章还能说流利英语。,普通表示：,I can write English essays and I speak fluent English too.,高级表示：,(,使用,not only.but also.,连接,),_,I,can,not,only,write,English,essays,，,but,also,speak,fluent,English.,38/41,我周围人都喜欢和我交朋友，因为当他人碰到困难时我乐于帮助他们。,普通表示：,People around me all like to make friends with me.I,m always ready to help them when they are in trouble.,高级表示：,(,使用,because,连接,),_,People,around,me,all,like,to,make,friends,with,me,，,because,I,m,always,ready,to,help,them,when,they,are,in,trouble.,39/41,妙笔成篇,_,One possible version,：,Dear Mr.Smith,，,My name is Mary.I,m very glad to write to you.I know from the newspaper that you want a salesgirl.I think I,m fit for the job and want to get the job.,First,，,I am healthy,，,active and creative,，,so I have the ability to do my job well.Second,，,I graduated from university,，,and my English is very good.I can not only write English essays,，,but also speak fluent English.Third,，,40/41,_,I,m friendly and outgoing.People around me all like to make friends with me,，,because I am always ready to help them when they are in trouble.Last but not least,，,I have the ability to make the goods attractive.,If you are willing to give me the chance to work in your company,，,please write to No.176,，,Sunlight Rd,，,Changsha City or call me at 1378643,.,I hope to get your reply soon.Thank you!,Yours sincerely,，,Mary,41/41,