英语长句的翻译技巧.pptx

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,长句翻译,1,1/49,英译汉中传换词类法,英译汉中长句翻译,2,2/49,英语句子之所以较长，普通是三个原因造成：,一是修辞语后置,，理论上能够无限延伸，,二是联合成份多,，,三是句法结构复杂,。英语长句在公文文体、叙述文体、科技文体和文艺文体中较为常见。,翻译英语中长句普通分为了解与表示两个步骤,。英语属于,形合语言,，长句依靠各种连接词语以及各种语法形式连贯起来，长句关系错综复杂但条理清楚。所以，了解原文既要分析原文句子结构，又要理清语法结构所表示内在含义与相互关系。然后，依据详细分析结果，按照汉语特点和表示方式需要综合考虑，不拘泥于原文语言形式，正确地译出原文意思。,3,3/49,翻译一个英语长句经典过程能够分为六步：,第一步：,紧缩主干，析出主谓结构,，,识别谓语形 态,，确定时态、语态、语气等。,第二步：,辨析词义,，识别其它词语形态及其语法关 系，判断词义，确定词义。,第三步：,区分主从,，识别修辞语与被修辞语，主句 与从句，判断各成份之间内在联络。,4,4/49,第四步：,捋清层次,，推断句子思维逻辑发展形式及重心。,第五步：,调整搭配,，按汉语习惯形成主谓宾配列及各式搭配，调整各层次语序，捋清表示法。,第六步：,炼词、炼句,，考虑文体适应性，并作出调整。,5,5/49,英语长句主要翻译方法主要有,前置法、切断法、拆译法、倒置法、插入法和综正当,。翻译长句是一个难度较大综合技能，在实际翻译中，往往需要同时使用以上几个翻译方法。,6,6/49,前置法,7,7/49,前置法,就是把英语中后置修饰成份在翻译成汉语时置放在中心词之前，使修饰成份在汉语中形成前置。因为汉语正常语序是修饰语前置，所以，只要修饰成份不是过长，不会出现拖沓，能够尽可能将英语后置修饰成份前置，使句子结构紧凑，浑然一体。比如：,8,8/49,1)The General Assembly may call the attention of the Security Council to situations,which are likely to endanger international peace and security,.,大会对于足以危及国际和平与安全之情势，要提请安全理事会注意。,9,9/49,2)A water supply for a city usually includes a storage reservoir,at the source of the supply,a pipeline,from the storage reservoir to the distribution reservoir near the city,and finally the distribution pipes,buried in the street,taking the water to the houses,shops,factories,and offices.,城市供水系统通常包含位于水源蓄水池，连接蓄水池和城市附近配水池管线，最终还包含埋在街道地下，把水送到千家万户、商店工厂与机关配水管道。,10,10/49,切断法,11,11/49,切断法是指翻译英语长句一个“化整为零”方法。在翻译英语长句时，能够,按照英语原来语序，以意群为单位，以句中关系词为关节点，切成若干汉语分句。,切断法既能够保留英文原来语序，降低漏译，又轻易做到层次清楚、脉络分明，而且能产生汉语特有节奏感。比如：,12,12/49,1)It is very easy to bring some books from the bookstores and libraries,but to learn the knowledge in the books and put the knowledge into practice is by no means an easy job.,从书店和图书馆带一些书回来是轻而易举。然而，从书中学得知识并把这些知识利用到实践中去就决不是那么简单事情了。,13,13/49,2)Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition,and that informing them risks destroying their hope,so that they may recover more slowly,or deteriorate faster,perhaps even commit suicide.,研究结果表明，大多数医生深信身患重病人不想知道他们真实病情。假如通知实情，则有可能使他们完全失去希望，从而使他们恢复得更慢，或恶化得更加快，甚至自寻短见。,14,14/49,拆分法,15,15/49,拆分法,就是将英语长句里一些成份,(,词、词组或从句,),从句子主干里拆开另行处理。通常，拆分下来成份极难采取切断式顺译，也,极难把它们包孕在句中，切实可行方法是将它们拆分，,依据句子总体需要调整语序,，或置于句首，或放在句尾，以求到达顺畅自然。比如：,16,16/49,1)I must say that his statement was laudable,for its frankness and quite plausible,on the basis of premises which,Im afraid,are invalid in the context of the United Nations Charter.,应该说，他讲话坦率，这是值得称赞，听起来也颇有道理，然而按照联合国宪章精神，这些话所依据前提恐怕是站不住脚。,17,17/49,倒置法,18,18/49,倒置法,倒置法是指在翻译英语长句时将其断成若干个短句，然后按汉语表示需要进行重新安排，或局部调整，或全部颠倒，,使译文各分句次序恰恰与英语原句相反,。依据汉语表示习惯，在翻译英语长句时，能够视情况按意群进行部分倒置或全部倒置。,19,19/49,1)Youll see what I mean when I tell you about the first project I ever did after I finished my bachelors degree at the university.,当我把取得学士学位后承接第一项工程情况告诉你之后，你就会明白我这话是什么意思了。,20,20/49,2),In reality,the lines of division between sciences are becoming blurred,and science is again approaching the“unity”that it had two centuries agoalthough the accumulated knowledge is enormously greater now,and no one person can hope to comprehend more than a friction of it.,即使积累起来知识要多得多，而且任何个人也只渴望了解其中一小部分，但实际上，各科学之间界限却变得含糊不清，科学再次近似于,200,年前那样“单一整体”。,21,21/49,插入法,22,22/49,插入法,是指在翻译英语长句时，,利用破折号、括号或前后逗号，将难以处理句子成份插入到译句中。,插入法普通由两种情况：一是英语原文就有插入语，汉语译文采取原文做法；二是英文原文即使没有插入语，但附加成份多，结构复杂，翻译时不得不将一些部分插入在汉语语句中。,23,23/49,使用插入法必须注意以下三点：一是译文中插入语部分不宜太长，以免与主干相隔过远，不合汉语读者阅读习惯；二是汉语插入语应该尽可能紧接被注释或补充成份；三是插入法是一个不得已变通伎俩，在汉语中不宜多用。,24,24/49,1)The behavior of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors,including the viscosity of the fluid and the speed at which it is pumped,.,流体在管道中流动状态受到许多原因,(,包含流体黏度和泵送速度,),影响。,25,25/49,2)If you go to visit Nobels old residence,the house in which the great chemist remained a bachelor throughout his life,you can catch sight of a shelf laden with experimental records.,假如你参观诺贝尔旧居,在那座房子里，这位伟大化学家过了一辈子单身生活,你会看到一个堆满试验统计书架。,26,26/49,英译汉中传换词类法,汉译英中长句翻译,27,27/49,汉语和英语都有长句，但在句子结构上差异较大。,汉语重意合,，主题显著，句中主谓成份有时并不清楚，,句子结构涣散,；,英语重形合,，主谓关系显著，主次分明，,句子结构紧凑,。所以翻译汉语长句普通需要经过以下三个步骤：,第一，梳理清汉语长句结构，理出主干；第二，安排译文框架结构，确定主从各种关系；第三，形成准确通顺译文。,28,28/49,原序法,/,次序法,29,29/49,原序法,/,次序法,原序法是按照汉语原来句子次序将原文翻译成英文，而且译文也保持长句形式。当汉英叙述层次基本一致时，能够按照原文次序直接翻译，有时需要在适当地方加上连接词。比如：,30,30/49,示例,请贵方考虑，今后货物一经定妥，就不可 撤消，我们认为，这么才有利于更加好地合作。,译文,We should like to have your consideration that,in the future,orders once placed are not to be cancelled afterwards,which,we think,will,be conductive to,better co-operation between us.,31,31/49,示例,只有在提升效益前提下保持快速经济增加，我们才能缓解企业生产经营困难，减轻就业压力，促进经济结构调整，增加财政收入，防范金融风险，保持社会稳定。,译文,And,only,by,maintaining rapid economic growth on the basis of better performance,can,we mitigate the operating problems plaguing our enterprises,lighten unemployment pressure,promote strategic restructuring of the economy,increase state revenue,prevent financial risks and maintain social stability.,32,32/49,句序重组法,33,33/49,句序重组法,句序重组法是指按照译语表示习惯重新组织和排列句子语序翻译方法。变序依据是汉英两个民族在思维方式和语言表示上差异。句序重组法除了调整次序，还可能包括拆译或分译。,它包含了句子或段落重组。,34,34/49,英译汉中句序重组法,35,35/49,依据英语语句详细情况，结合上下文语言环境，理清该长句结构，将原文意思完全弄懂，然后按照汉语表示习惯，或按时间先后，或按空间位置，或按逻辑联络，顺译逆译结合，主次分明地对长句进行重组。句序,重组法彻底摆脱了原文语句形式约束，能比较轻松地做到译文语言自然，行文流畅。但对新手来说，重组法比较难以驾驭，原文格调原因极易被忽略，还轻易发生疏漏等情况。比如：,36,36/49,考题,The Austrian capital Vienna,which was home to Mozart and Beethoven,among others,and has a population of 1.7million,has the best living standards in the world,according to an annual quality of living survey.(,句序重组法,),依据一项年度生活质量调查，人口,170,万奥地利首都维也纳拥有全世界最高生活水平。它也是莫扎特和贝多芬等名人故乡。,分析,按照汉语习惯，将原句最终内容提前。另外，一些修饰成份进行重组、拆分，使句子逻辑关系更明确，更符合汉语表示习惯。,37,37/49,考题,World War was,however,more complex than World War,which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets,resources and territories.,（句序重组法）,第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土冲突，而第二次世界大战却比第一次更复杂。,38,38/49,It is highly significant that the troop withdrawal should have occurred precisely when we were entering upon a new session of conference with new prospects opening up for real peace of this region.,我们正要举行新一轮会议，会议将为当地域真正和平带来新希望。选择在这一时刻撤军意义重大。,分析,调整句子结构。叙述重心后置，把评论部分从前面译至后面，结合拆分法，是翻译这类英语长句常见手法。,39,39/49,But we are much less conscious of the extent to which work provides the more intangible,but more crucial,psychological well-being that can make the difference between a full and empty life.,不过我们对工作在促进精神生活方面所起作用，则知之甚少。对比起来，这方面作用即使是无形，却愈加至关主要，它是人生过得充实还是空虚决定原因。,40,40/49,This hope of“early discovery”of lung cancer followed by surgical cure,which currently seems to be the most effective form of therapy,is often thwarted by diverse biology behaviors in the rate and direction of growth of the cancer.,人们希望“早期发觉”肺癌，随之进行外科手术治疗；外科手术治疗当前看来是治疗肺癌最有效疗法。可是，因为肺癌生长速度和生长方向等生物学特征差异很大，“早期发觉”希望经常化为泡影。,41,41/49,汉译英中语序重组法,42,42/49,在不少情况下，汉语和英语叙事角度、表示方式及逻辑推理次序都有很大区分。汉译英时，有时要打乱汉语语序，重组成地道英语。,43,43/49,考题,他们进行挑衅活动，制造担心局势，必须马上停顿,。（句序调整法）,译文,They must stop immediately all their provocations,which create tensions.,44,44/49,考题,因为距离远，又缺乏交通工具，使农村社会与外界隔绝；而这种隔绝，又因为通讯设施不足而变得愈加严重。（句序调整法）,译文,The isolation of the rural world,caused by the distance and lack of vehicles,is compounded by the shortage of communication facilities.,45,45/49,示例,环境好，图书设备充分，有良师益友指导启发，当然有很大帮助，不过具备了这些条件，也不一定能确保一个人在学问上就有成就。,译文,You cannot be sure to succeed in learning even if you have got all the favorable conditions such as good environment,sufficient books and equipment,as well as instructions and enlightenments from scholarly mentors and beneficial friends,which are of great help,though.,分析,译文将原文整个次序来了个大调整，使译文更靠近英语表示习惯。,46,46/49,示例,天天下午四五点钟喝上一杯茶，吃一点烤面包或饼干，相互之间再闲聊几句，这种情景在英国处处可见。,译文,There is a scene to be witnessed everywhere in England at four or five p.m.when people enjoy a cup of tea,with toast or biscuit and with a bit of conversation.,47,47/49,示例,这些农民祖祖辈辈在这块土地上耕种，现在被迫要从这里搬出去，他们当然极为不满。,译文,These farmers naturally resented the prospect of being forced to move out of the land they had cultivated for generations.,48,48/49,示例,主动帮助发展中国家克服邮政建设中面临困难，努力缩小发展中国家与发达国家在邮政领域差距，应成为国际邮政合作当务之急。,译文,It should be the pressing task in international postal cooperation,to actively help developing countries overcome difficulties in their development of postal services and to energetically narrow the gap between the developing and developed countries in this field.,49,49/49,