词和词组(上)演示文稿.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Word,&,Phrases,Book One(I),community:,a group of people living together and/or united by shared interests,社区，社团；共有；群生,the academic community,学术界,the black community,黑人社区,the European Defense Community,欧洲防务共同体,community of tastes/interests,趣味利益的一致,barrier:obstacle;obstruction,障碍,something that prevents you from,entering a place or going where you want,to go;,break down/remove,a barrier,消除障碍,build/erect/set up/put up,a barrier,设置障碍,constitute/form,a barrier,(to),构成障碍,overcome,a barrier,克服障碍,perspective:,way of thinking about something,看法；视角；观点,to view sth.from a new perspective,从新的视角看待某事,to lack perspective,缺乏洞察力,to put sth.into perspective,摆正某事的位置,to see things in their right perspective,正确地观察事物,explicit:,clear and fully expressed,清晰的；坦言的,to be explicit about sth.,对某事表达清晰,to be explicit with sth./sb.,对某人,/,事很坦然,to be explicit on the point/problem,在这一点问题上态度明确,Can you be more explicit about your,reasons for chatting online?,你能否把上网聊天的理由说得更清楚些？,comment:,n./v.,opinion about an event or a person,意见；评论；议论,/,注释；评论,to cause/excite/create comment,引起议论,to give,make comment on sth.,对,发表评论,to comment on a text,对正文作注释,to comment on sth.,对某事加以评论,The government has not made any official,comment on,this news yet.,政府对这一消息还没做任何正式评论。,to,answer/fill/fulfill/meet/satisfy,the entrance requirements,符合入学条件,to tighten membership requirements,严格会员条件,to set/establish requirements,规定必要条件,to supply every requirement for,online learning,提供网上学习的必需品,(supplies)to,be beyond/below,requirements,供大于求 供不应求,to be a requirement for sth.,是某事的必要条件,likely:,a./ad.,probable/probably,可能的可能地,Sb./Sth.is(,more/less than,)likely to do sth.,某人某事（很不大）可能做某事。,It is/seems likely that(,从句,),是可能的。,As likely as not,sb.does sth.,某人很可能做某事。,Sb.very/quite likely does sth.,某人很可能做某事。,SARS is less than likely to break out here.,commit:,1),decide to use for a purpose,用于,to commit sth to(doing)sth.,把某物专门用于,The government committed the special money to the battle against SARS.,2,）,do sth.wrong or illegal,犯（罪）；干（坏事）,Taylor is in prison for a crime he did not commit.,3,）,entrust sth.to sb.,托付于；交给,to commit sth.to sbs care,把某事托付给某人关照,to commit sth.to the fire,把某物付之一炬,to commit sth.to writing,把某事记下来,to commit sb.to prison,把某人关进监狱,to commit themselves to marriage,缔结姻缘,assimilate:,v.,understand and take in;(cause to)become part of,吸收；同化,to assimilate,knowledge/new ideas,吸收知识新思想,to assimilate into a new environment,与新环境融为一体,to assimilate with the local people,被当地人同化,They assimilated their customs and,behavior to the new environment.,essential:,basic;fundamental;central;underlying;completely necessary,非常重要的,;,必不可少的,to be essential for doing sth.,是做某事必不可少的,to be essential to/for sth./sb.,对某物人是至关重要的,Concerted efforts are essential for overcoming the disasters like SARS.,同心协力是战胜像“非典”这样的灾难必,不可少的。,allow for:,take into consideration,考虑到,比较,：,allow of,容许,（,permit,）,a.,In treating and curing such patients,you must,allow for,the danger of your being infected.,b.,The current decisive battle against the disease,allow of,no negligence of duty on the part of the governments at all levels of our society.,remind of:,bring to mind;prompt,提醒；使想起,to remind sb.that (,从句,)to remind sb.to do sth.to remind sb.of sth.,The story,reminds,me,of,a painful romantic experience I had long ago.,这一故事,使,我,想起了,很久以前有过的一次痛苦的恋爱经历。,full of knots:,full of puzzles,充满困惑,e.g.,We are still in the dark about the cause of the disease,with our minds,full of knots,.,a hard knot,难题,the Gordian knot,难办的事,the marriage knot,夫妻婚姻,a true-lovers knot,同心结,knots in the mind,思想上的疙瘩,to cut the knot,快刀斩乱麻,appeal:,vi.,1),please;attract;interest,吸引，有吸引力，有感染力,2),make a strong request for help,support,呼吁，恳求,to appeal to sb,吸引,(,某人）,to appeal to law,诉诸法律,to appeal against/from a judgment,不服判决而上诉,to appeal for charity,请求施舍,to appeal to sb for sth,请求,/,呼吁某人做某事,to get rid of:,1),free oneself from(sth.unwanted or unpleasant),清除,2),drive away;destroy,消除,to do away with,/,to remove,/,to eradicate,/,to throw away,/,to dispose of,清除；处理,It is no easy job to,get rid of,the long-developed health habits,which are not fit for the present situation.,长期以来形成的卫生习惯不能适应目前的情况，但要,清除,这些习惯却并非易事。,distract:,vt.,take ones attention away,分散注意力，使分心,to distract ones mind,to distract sb,to distract ones attention,分散某人的注意力,The considerable sum of money made by his former colleagues failed to distract his mind from his hard research work.,他以前的同事赚了相当多的钱，但并没有,分散,他从事艰难的研究工作的注意力。,section:,n.,1),one of the parts,部分,2),a part of an organization,科室；部门,all sections of people,各界人民,a business section,商业区,the industrial section of the city,城市的工业区,a finance section,财务科,a health section,卫生科,the sports section of a newspaper,报纸的体育版（栏）,identity:,n.,who or what a person or thing is,身份,;,本体,betray ones identity,暴露身份,conceal ones identity,隐瞒,/,隐匿身份,sink ones identity,隐瞒,/,隐匿身份,determine sbs identity,确定某人的身份,establish identity,证实身份,identical,adj.,完全相同的,identification,n.,鉴定；身份的证明,to glance at:,to take a quick look at,瞥一眼；看一下,to gaze at,凝视,;,注视,to glare at,怒目而视,to glimpse at,一瞥,;,一看,to peep at,偷看,;,窥探,;,一瞥,to peer at,凝视,;,盯着看,;,费力地看,to stare at,瞪着眼睛看,to catch a glimpse of,一眼瞥见,appointment:,n.,a set time for a meeting,约会,to,make/fix,an appointment with sb.,与某人约会,to,break/lose,the/ones,appointment,失约,to cancel an appointment,取消约会,to keep ones appointment,守约,to fulfill an appointment punctually,准时践约,mature:,v.,(cause to)become an adult;become fully developed,(,使,),成熟,;(,使,),长成,adj.,grown;fully developed,长大了的,;,成熟的,a mature age,成熟年龄,a mature bill,到期的支票,a mature plan,熟虑的计划,Wine and judgments mature with age.,谚语,酒老味醇，人老识深。,talk over:,consider(,sth.,)in detail(,with sb.,),商量,(talk sth over with sb.,与某人商量某事,),to talk to sb.,与某人商量,to discuss sth.with sb.,to speak,to/with,sb about sth,与某人商量某事,Who do you prefer to talk things over with,your peers or parents?,你更愿意和谁商量事情，同龄人还是父母？,elderly:,adj.,(of people)rather old;senior;past middle age(Elderly is a polite way of saying“old”,and“senior”is the best way usually.),（,指人）年龄相当大的；中年以上的,Hes very active for an elderly man.,就已过中年的人来说，他的精力是很充沛的。,cf.,He is my elder by some two years.,比较,:,他比我大两岁左右。,locate:,vt.,1.,discover the exact position or place of(sb./sth.),确定,.,的位置；找出,.,的位置,2.,（尤用于被动语态,）,set(sth.)in a place;place,位于,emergency-room:,n.,a special room in hospitals where the doctors try to save the people who are in a state of life or death,(,医院,),急诊室,an emergency exit,太平门,an emergency,box/case,急救箱,emergency measures,紧急措施,emergency brake,紧急刹车,apparently:,adv.,according to how something looks;as it seems,外表上；表面上；看上去像,Family words:,appear,vt.,appearance,n.,apparent,adj.,apparently,adv.,pay no attention to:,take no notice of,不注意,attract sb.s attention,capture sb.s attention,catch sb.s attention,draw sb.s attention,get sb.s attention,吸引某人的注意,hold ones attention on,focus ones attention on,将注意力集中于,devote ones attention to,专心于,direct ones attention to,turn ones attention to,将注意力转向,distract ones attention from sth.,分散（转移）注意力,statement:,n.,something that one says or writes,often officially,说话，叙述，声明；报表,to,issue /make,a statement,发表声明,to confirm a statement,证实一项陈述,to withdraw ones statement,收回前言,assume:,v.,1.,accept or believe that something is true even though you have no evidence,臆断,2.,take up,承担，担任,assume office,就职,assume responsibility,负责,assume an obligation,承担义务,assume a new name,用一个新名字,consume,消费，消耗,re,sume,重新开始，继续，恢复,assume,bear,shoulder,undertake,vt.,assume,为正式用词，意为“承担,职责”，其宾语往往为表示身份或职位的名词如,the role,office,等。,bear,为常用词,意为“负荷,承担,负担”，其宾语可以是具体的重物,亦可以为抽象的重负。,presume,指以过去经验作为依据或合乎逻辑的“推测”，一般是有较充分的理由，虽然结论仍可能是错误的，含有在被否定前假定为事实的意味，常后接动词不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语。,suppose,为口语用词，常用来陈述自己的意见或建议，猜测的成分最少，可放在句末，作插入语；也可直接用于句首，表示“假如”；还可用于被动语态。,acquaint:,vt.,使相识，使了解,1.,acquaint oneself with,熟悉,2.,be/become,acquainted with,熟悉,我已了解了他们的风俗。,（误）,Ive acquainted their customs.,（正）,Ive acquainted myself with their customs.,（正）,Ive been acquainted with their customs.,behavioral:,adj.,（关于）行为的；行为科学的,behavioral science,行为科学,behavioral patterns,行为模式,function:,1.,n.,the purpose or special duty of a person or thing,功能，作用,2.,v.,to operate,工作，运行，起作用,fu,nctional,a.,职责的，功能的,fu,nctionalism,n.,实用主义,functionalist,n.,实用主义者,malfunction,n.,故障,v.,发生故障,so,cial function,社交集会,to function as,担任,to function well,运转良好,status:,n,.,your social or work position when compared to other people,地位，身份,state,n.,状态；政府,statue,n.,塑像，雕像,stature,n.,身材，身高；高境界，高水平,statute,n.,章程，规则，条例；法规，法令,jewel:n.,宝石，宝石饰物，首饰,对比记忆,个体（可数）,sewel,珠宝,machine,机器,poem,诗歌,scene,景色,总体（不可数）,jewelry,machinery,poetry,scenery,conviction:,n.,a very strong opinion or belief,坚定的信仰；确信,be open to conviction,愿意服理,carry conviction,颇有道理，有说服力,in,the full conviction that,坚信,sh,ake a conviction,动摇信心,a,person of strong conviction,有坚定信念的人,economic,&,economical,e,conomic,意为“经济的，经济方面的，经济上的，指经济学科范围，与政治相对而言。如：,economic crisis,经济危机,;,economic policies,经济政策,economical,意为“经济的，实惠的”，与节约同义，有“节省的，不浪费之意”。如：,We must be economical of electricity.,我们必须节约用电。,rigid:,adj.,strict,严格死板的，缺乏变通的,;,刚性的,practice rigid economy,厉行节约,be rigid in ones views,意志坚定,rigid discipline,严格的纪律,norm:,n.,what people normally do or follow,准则,norm,规范，准则,;,normal,规范的，正常的，师范的,;,normally,规范地，正常地,;,ab,normal,不正常的,;,abnormally,不正常地,social norms,社会规范,a normal college/university,师范大学,commence:,v.,to begin or start(sth.),(,with;,sth.;,doing sth.),开始,In spoken English“,start,”is the most common verb of the three words“,start,”,“,commence,”and“,begin,”.“,Begin,”is the most common verb in written English while“,commence,”is the least common and formal in the three in the spoken and written English.,apart:,adv,.,1).,separated by a distance,被分开,2).,(,from)without considering,除了,(,except for,aside from,as well as,besides),take sth.apart,拆开某物,grow apart,(,关系,),生疏,joking apart(aside),(,口,),言归正传,;,说正经的,empty threat,虚张声势的威胁,under threat of,在,的威胁之下,threaten to do sth.,威胁说要做某事,threaten sb with sth,用,来威胁某人,in haste:,quickly or in a hurry,迅速,Family members:,hasten:,v.,加速,hasty:,adj.,急速的；草率的；易怒的,more haste less speed,欲速则不达,.,in sbs haste to do sth.,某人匆忙干某事,make haste to do sth.,匆忙做某事,trial:,n.,(an act of)hearing and judging a person,case,or point of law in a court,审判,a trial marriage,试婚,a trial period,试用期,by trial and error,反复试验法,to stand trial/be on trial,受审讯,compete:,vi.,1),to try to be more successful than another person,(,与别人,),竞争,2),to take part in a sporting event,竞赛,Family members:,competence,n.,能力,competent,adj.,有能力的,competition,n.,竞赛,competitor,n.,竟争,(,赛,),者,competitive,adj.,竞争激烈的,leap:,vi.,(past tense and past participle leapt or leaped),跳,跳跃,to leap(across)into,(,穿过,),跳入,to leap up,to stand up suddenly,突然站起来,to leap at sth.,迫不及待地接受某事物,intellectual:,a.,1.,有知识的,2.,理智的；智力的,n.,知识分子,1.,Many people know little about intellectual property.,许多人对知识产权知之甚少。,2.,Despite his ordinary looks,many of his viewpoints are very intellectual.,别看那个老师其貌不扬，他的许多观点都是很有见地的。,intel-,=inter,(prefix:,中间,),lect,(stem:,选,),-ual,(suffix:,形容词后缀,):,从中选择的,Family members:,intellect,n.,智力、才智、智慧,intelligence,n.,智力、理解力、聪明,intelligent,adj.,理解力强的、聪明的,intellectually,adv.,有智慧地、聪明地,alternative:,n.,choice,option,选择,句型：,have no alternative but todo,除了,外别无选择,Because the explorers were running out of food,they had no alternative but to,return home.,因为食品将尽，那些探险者,除了,返家,别无选择,。,expense:,n.,cost or charge,花费,;,费用,spare no expense,不惜费用,cut down ones expenses,节省开支,blow the expense,挥霍,go to the expense of,为,目的花钱,put sb.to expense,使某人负担费用,at the expense of,以,为代价,at the,public,/,ones own,expense,靠公,/,自费,traveling expenses,差旅费,expense account,报销单,constant,/,variable,expenses,固定,/,变动费用,inhabitant:,n.,a person or an animal that lives in a place,居民,住户,Syn.,dweller,resident,irreconcilable:,a.,impossible to find agreement between or with,不可调和的,正义与邪恶不可调和。,Justice and evil are irreconcilable.,appropriate:,a.,right for the occasion;proper,suitable or fitting,合适的,恰当的,at an appropriate time,在适当的时间,take appropriate measures,采取适当的措施,a remark appropriate,to/for,the occasion,适合时宜的话,a style appropriate to the subject matter,合乎题材的文体,a test appropriate for that level,适合那个水平的测试,the structure appropriate to each country,适用各国的结构,fake:,v.,1.,make or copy to trick,伪造,;,造假,2.,pretend,假装,n.,a person or thing that is not what,he/she/it,looks like,or,sth.that is not real,假货；赝品,1.,The picture,was faked,by sticking together two photos.,这张照片是把两张照片拼在一起,伪造,的,.,2.,She isn,t really crying,she,s just,faking,.,她并没有真哭，只是在,装,。,3.,The necklace looks like a real one,but it is,a,fake,.,这项链看起来像真的，但实际是,赝品,。,contemporary:,a.,1.,modern,当代的,2.,of the same time,同代的,构词法,:,con-,(,prefix:,共同,),+,tempor,(,stem:,时代,/,时间,),+,-ary,(,suffix:,性质,/,状态,),be contemporary with,与,同时代,This great predictor,was contemporary with,the American writer Mark Twain.,这位伟大的预言家和美国作家马克吐温,是同时代的人,。,Quite many a youth likes,contemporary,literature whereas many an old prefers classical literature.,许多年轻人喜欢,当代,文学而很多老年人喜欢古典文学。,