Howdoanimalslearn.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,mistake.for.,How do animals know how to recognize their mothers?,How Do Animals Learn?,Lucy,Skim,1 How many parts can this passage be divided into?,Three or Four parts.,2 Please,make an outline,of this passage.,Introduction:A,nimal behavior is either,innate,or,learned,.,The innate behavior,(para.2-3),The learned behavior,(para.4-8),The conclusion:,Learning allows animals to be,adaptable in a new environment.,Main idea and details,Task c on Page 82,Animal behavior,learned behavior,innate behavior,habituation,imprinting,trial&error,association,insight,conditioning,observation,simple,instinct,reflex,fight or flight response,territoriality,migration,Scan,Read,the topic sentence,of each paragraph and finish task A on Page 81.,1.association,2.habituation,3.imprinting,4.innate behavior,5.insight,6.trial and error,putting together different ideas,feeling comfortable in a new situation,recognizing ones own species,not leaned behavior;animals are born with it,learning from past experiences,doing something many times and finally succeeding,Match the examples with the correct types of behavior.,1.Every fall,many birds fly from North,America to South America.,instinctive behavior,2.Imagine a mother duck in a lake.Four or five small ducklings are swimming after her.They know to follow her.,imprinting,3.Young horses are often afraid of noisy street.But after a while,they learn to pay no attention to the normal sights and sounds of a city.,4.When a person learn to ride a bicycle,she probably has to fall off many times before she can ride successfully.,habituation,trial and error,5.Many kinds of young birds and mammals observe their parents and learn what to eat and how to eat it.,6.In 1900,Ivan,a Russian biologist,studied conditioning in dogs.Ivan rang a bell every time he gave the dog food.Soon the dog started to associate the sound of the bell with the smell of food.After some time,it salivated when it heard a bell alone.without food.,association,association,Application:task 1,In the passage Animal Tales,we read about an octopus and a tiger.What type of learning did the octopus use to open the jar?Why did the tiger think that he was a pig?(In other words,what kind of learning was going on?),The octopus learned to open the jar through association,specifically through,observation of the zoo keepers.,He was influenced by the learned behavior-imprinting.,What are several kinds of behavior that humans use to learn language?,Trial and error,association,and insight.,Application-task 2,Task E on Page 84,How Do Animals Learn,Behavior,is the way that animals act.For example,how do they protect themselves,from,danger?Behavior is either,innate,or learned.,Much behavior is innate;that is,animals are born,with,it.The innate behavior is a biological,inheritance,.Some innate behaviors are simple,such as a,reflex,or a fight-or-,flight,response.,the way 后面的定语从句（,that,in which,),我不喜欢他和我说话的方式。,I dont like the way,(that/in which/)she talked to me.,她教化学的方式很有趣。,The way,(that/in which/)she teaches chemistry,is intresting.,We,had a good laugh over,the strange way(that/in which/)Matt solved the problem,.,How Do Animals Learn,Behavior,is the way that animals act.For example,how do they,protect,themselves,from,danger?Behavior is either,innate,or learned.,Much behavior is innate;that is,animals,are born with,it.The innate behavior is a biological,inheritance,.Some innate behaviors are simple,such as a,reflex,or a fight-or-,flight,response.,keep sb from,defend sb from,bear,bore,born/borne,Emma bore a son called Karl.,give birth to,He is a born teacher.,She,inherited,a large amount of money,from,her father.,The family was often,in flight,hiding out in friends houses,.,When something suddenly passes in front of your eyes,you,blink,.This is a,reflex,.Think about a time when you were very afraid.Your heart began to,beat,faster,and you began to,breathe,faster.Your body was preparing for danger.You were having a fight-or-flight response.You had no,control,over,it.,wink,He didnt sleep a wink.,He did not get a wink of sleep.,beat its wings,beat sb in a competition or election,The fire is _of control.,The fire is _my control.,He _control of his car.,He is _control of the club.,He is _charge of the club.,out,under,lost,in,in,Another,more complex,kind of innate behavior is,instinct,.Many animals have a strong sense of,territory,-a place that they own.For example,a male sea lion protects his area of beach by,attacking,other male sea lions that come onto,it,.This is territoriality.Some animals,migrate,seasonally.This is migration.,It is the only,republic,which has no,territorial,disputes with the others.,immigrate,He immigrated,from,India at age 18,.,He immigrated,to,India at age 18.,immigrant,Learned behavior includes habituation,imprinting,trial and error,association and,insight,.Young horses are often afraid of noisy streets.But after a while,they learn to feel comfortable,in,the new situation.This is an example of habituation.,Some aninals do not,innately,know how to recognize other members of their own,species,.,She offered some really interesting,insightful observations,extinct species,They learn this in the first day or two of life.,This kind of learned behavior is,imprinting,.,An animal tries to do something many times,before,it is successful.This kind of learned behavior is,trial-and-error,.,Two,forms,of association is conditioning and,observation,.Many kinds of young birds and mammals watch their parents do something.Then,they,follow,them.This is an example of,observation,.,The most difficult,complex,type of learning is insight.With insight,an animal uses past experience to solve a new problem.We humans use,insight,for example,when we work,on,a new math problem.,Learning is important because it,allows,an animal to be,adaptable,-that is,able to change,in,a new situation.,