一轮总复习：专题12++定语从句.ppt

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,考点透析,知识清单,考点警示,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,定语从句是高考语法填空题的高频考点之一，更是写作中必须的表达方式。做语法填空题时，首先看从句修饰的内容。当修饰的内容是名词或代词时，常常是定语从句来修饰，确定是定语从句后，再看定语从句中缺少什么成份，如果缺少主语、宾语时，则考虑用关系代词，缺少状语时，则考虑用关系副词。例如：,1,(2013,广东,),Nicks guests,，,_,20,_ had heard their conversation,，,asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.,此题中，设空从句修饰名词,Nicks guests,，在从句中作主语，指人，为非限制性定语从句，故答案为,who,。,2,(2012,广东,)Of course whenever they turned to look at him,，,they had to look at Mary,，,_22_ made her feel like a star.,此题中，设空处从句对前面内容补充说明，为非限制性定语从句，因在从句中作主语，故答案为,which,。,1.(2013,山东高考,)Finally he reached a lonely island _was completely cut off from the outside world.,A.when,B.where,C.which,D.whom,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查定语从句。句意,:,最后他到达了一个完全与外界隔绝的孤岛。,island,后面是一个定语从句,修饰,island,并且从句中缺少主语,同时指物,所以选,C,。,2.(2013,重庆高考,)John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of _are family members.,A.them B.that,C.which,D.whom,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查定语从句。句意,:,约翰邀请了大约,40,人来参加他的婚礼,其中大多数都是他的家人。先行词为,40 people,在定语从句中作,of,的宾语并指人,用关系代词,whom,故选,D;A,项为代词,放入之后前后为两个完整的句子,两个完整句子不可仅用逗号隔开,需在两句中间加入连词才对,;B,项,that,一般不放在介词后面,;C,项,which,指代物。,3.(2013,福建高考,)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _lives were affected.,A.whose B.that,C.who,D.which,【,解析,】,选,A,。考查定语从句。句意,:,这本书通过那些生命受到影响的人的见证讲述了地震的故事。由句式结构可知,those,后为定语从句,先行词是,those,空格处在从句中作,lives,的定语,故用关系词,whose,。,4.(2013,湖南高考,)Happiness and success often come to those_ are good at recognizing their own strengths.,A.whom B.who,C.what,D.which,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句意,:,幸福与成功通常降临于那些擅长于认识到自己的长处的人。,who,在句中引导定语从句,且在从句中作主语,符合题目结构。,whom,引导定语从句也修饰人,但是在从句中作宾语或用于介词,+whom,结构中。,5.(2013,新课标全国卷,)When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house _I would be staying.,A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查定语从句。句意,:,我一到达,布赖恩就带我去看我要住的房子。根据句意和句子结构可知,_I would be staying,是定语从句,修饰,house,。定语从句中缺少地点状语,所以此处填关系副词,where,或,in which,。,6.(2013,江西高考,)He wrote a letter _he explained what had happened in the accident.,A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how,【,解析,】,选,C,。考查定语从句。句意,:,他写了一封信,在信中,他解释了事故中发生的事情。在此句中,letter,是先行词,where=in which,引导后面的定语从句,在从句中作状语,故选,C,。,7.(2013,浙江高考,)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.,A.whatB.whereC.whenD.why,【,解析,】,选,B,。考查定语从句。句意,:,博物馆将于春天开放,届时将有一个展览,还将有一个看台,在看台上游客可以看到正在建设中的大玻璃房子。该空引导定语从句,先行词为,platform,该空在从句中作地点状语,只能用,where,。故选,B,。,8.(2013,四川高考,)Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _they live.,A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查定语从句。句意,:,目前人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。,A,项可引导名词性从句,;B,项可引导定语从句,在从句中可作主语、宾语,;C,项可引导定语从句,在句中作时间状语,;D,项可引导定语从句,在句中作地点状语。从句中的,live,为不及物动词,先行词,the environment,在定语从句中作地点状语,故选,D,项。,课本练习,p64,Where,Where,As,Whose,Who/that,Which,Where,when,1,在限制性定语从句中,which,，,who,，,whom,都可用,that,代替。这些词代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等，其中,whom,只能做宾语，关系代词作宾语时常被省略。,tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution.,2,Which,、,that,所代替的先行词是表示物的名词或代词，在剧中可做主语、宾语等。而在非限制性定语从句中,不能用,that,引导，关系词不可省略。,3,以下情况一般用,that,，不用,which,引导定语从句。,(1),当先行词是指物的,all,，,little,，,few,，,much,，,any,，,anything,，,everything,，,nothing,，,none,，,the one,时，或先行词被,all,，,little,，,few,，,much,，,any,，,every,，,no,等修饰时。,考题印证,(2013,南京四校调研,)In spite of all_has been said,，,quite a lot of people are still uncertain about the prices of housing in China.,A,what B,/C,which D,that,解析,考查定语从句。先行词为不定代词,all,，且在定语从句中作主语，所以用,that,引导定语从句，且不能省略。,答案,D,(2),先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词,(,包括,last,，,next),、最高级形容词及,the only,，,the very,等修饰时。,(3),当人和物同时作先行词时。,考题印证,They talked for about an hour of things and people _ they remembered in the school.,A,which B,that C,who D,whom,解析,考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，定语从句中缺少宾语，而先行词是,things and people,，既有人又有物，根据语法规则，此处应用关系代词,that,而不能用,which,或,whom,。,答案,B,(4),当人和物同时作先行词时。,考题印证,They talked for about an hour of things and people _ they remembered in the school.,A,which B,that C,who D,whom,解析,考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，定语从句中缺少宾语，而先行词是,things and people,，既有人又有物，根据语法规则，此处应用关系代词,that,而不能用,which,或,whom,。,答案,B,(4),当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因,(,且只能是,reason),等，且这些先行词在定语从句中作状语时，就分别用,when,，,where,，,why,来引导定语从句。另外，,when,，,where,，,why,一般可用,“,介词,which,”,替代，其中,reason,后的,why,通常用,for which,替代。,3 whose,和,of whom,，,of which,引导的定语从句,whose,是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句中作定语，相当于,my,，,his,，,her,，,its,，,their,等，修饰人或物。,of which,可以代替,whose,指物，词序一般是：,the,名词,of which,或,of which,the,名词。,of whom,可以代替,whose,指人，词序是：,the,名词,of whom,。,This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.,This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country.,这就是那位全国知名的科学家。,考题印证,(1)We live in the room,，,_ window faces the north.,(2)We live in the room,，,_ the window faces the north.,(3)We live in the room,，,_ faces the north.,A,which B,whose,C,of which D,the window of which,解析,题,(1),中的,window,前缺少限定词，用,whose,作定语，故选,B,。题,(2),中的,window,前已有限定词,the,，又因为,the window,与先行词,room,之间为所属关系，所以用,of which,，故选,C,。题,(3),中的从句缺少主语，排除,B,项和,C,项，此处表示,“,房间的窗户,”,，所以用,the window of which,whose window,，故选,D,。,答案,(1)B,(2)C,(3)D,4,As,和,which,巧辨析,当先行词是整个主句或主句的一部分时，这类非限制性定语从句只能由,which,或,as,来引导。两者的区别在于：,(1)which,引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，而,as,引导的定语从句可位于主句前、中、后。,(2)which,常译作,“,这,”,；而,as,常译作,“,正如,”,，且多与,see,，,expect,，,imagine,，,know,，,hope,等动词连用。,(3),在定语从句中作主语时，若用,as,，其谓语部分一般有,be,；若谓语是不含,be,的行为动词时，要用,which,。,考题印证,_ is known,，,John studies in _ is considered the best school in the city.,A,Which,；,which B,What,；,what,C,It,；,which D,As,；,what,解析,第一空,as,在句首引导非限制性定语从句；第二空前有介词,in,，,in,后的从句缺少主语，用,what,引导。,答案,D,(4)as,引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，而,which,不受此限制。,(5)as,常用于固定搭配中：,as is often the case(,这是常有的事,),，,as we expected(,不出所料,),；,as often happens(,正如经常发生的那样,),；,as is known to all(,众所周知,),；,as has been said before(,如上所述,),；,as is mentioned above(,正如上面所提到的,),等等。,考题印证,What does the notice say?,All the storytellers should meet at the same hall _ won the first three prizes.,A,what B,as C,who D,which,解析,考查定语从句。根据句法，这是个分隔式定语从句，从句,“,_ won the first three prizes,”,缺少主语，先行词,“,All the storytellers,”,指人，所以用关系代词,who,或,that,，且不能省略。,答案,C,特别提醒：,当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词语时，不一定填关系副词,when,，,where,，,why,，只有当这些词在定语从句中作状语时，才会用关系副词，否则要用关系代词。,当一些类似,case,，,position,，,situation,，,stage,等名词作先行词时，一定注意关系词在从句中作的成份功能意义，不可轻易填入,that,，,which,，,where,等关系词。,考点三,“,介词,which/whom,”,中介词的确定,“,介词,where,”,引导的定语从句。,有时我们可以见到,“,介词,where,”,引导的定语从句，此时要和,“,介词,which,”,引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。,His head soon appeared out of the window,，,from where he saw nothing but trees.,他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。,(from where,相当于,from out of the window,，而不是,from the window,),1,与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。,In the dark street,，,there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.,在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。,考题印证,Todays English learners have a wide choice of dictionaries _ to choose.,A,from which B,in which,C,for which D,of which,解析,句意：今天的英语学习者在挑选字典时有很多种选择。,from which,引导定语从句，修饰,dictionaries,。,choose.from.,表示,“,从,中挑选,”,。,答案,A,考题印证,China is the birth place of kites,，,_ kite flying spread to Japan,，,Korea,，,Thailand and India.,A,where B,in which C,from where D,in where,解析,from where,指从中国。,答案,C,注意：,有些固定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。,This is the person(who,/whom/,that)you are looking for.,这就是你找的那个人。,2,与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。,He built a telescope,，,through which he could study the skies.,他架起一架望远镜，通过它他可以研究天空,。,考题印证,(2012,四川卷,)In our class there are 46 students,，,_ half wear glasses.,A,in whom B,in them C,of whom D,of them,解析,句意：我们班共有,46,名学生，其中一半的学生戴眼镜。先行词是,students,，,“,一半的学生,”,应表达为,half of the students,，在介词之后关系代词应为,whom,。,答案,C,2,分隔式定语从句。,定语从句有时不直接紧靠着先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。,There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.,我不能理解他眼中表达的东西。,考题印证,(2012,江西卷,)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour.,A,where B,who C,which D,what,解析,考查定语从句。句意：这个女孩被安排与她姐姐一起在培训中心上钢琴课，在那儿她愿意待上一个小时。,where,引导限制性定语从句，修饰,the training centre,。,答案,A,3,抽象地点类先行词后的定语从句。,当先行词为,stage,，,situation,，,point,，,case,等词且关系词在从句中作状语，这时用,where,引导定语从句。,考题印证,Believe it or not,，,my sister and I are twins.,Oh,，,you must have had the case _ you were taken for your sister.,A,which B,whose C,where D,whom,解析,语意表示你肯定有过你被误认为是你姐姐的情况。,where you were taken for your sister,是定语从句，修饰先行词,the case,，表示的是抽象地点，,where,可用,in which,替换。,答案,C,(2013,重庆卷改编,)John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of_ are family members.,解析,句意：约翰邀请了大约,40,个人参加他的婚礼，他们中的大多数是家族成员。先行词为,40 people,，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作,of,的宾语。在定语从句中如果介词放在关系代词之前，且先行词指人时，关系代词只能用,whom,。,答案,whom,As the Internet has gained popularity,，,there has been a change in the way _ people spend their time.,解析,句意：随着互联网的流行，人们的休闲方式也发生了变化。本句中，先行词为,the way,，定语从句中缺状语，故填,in which,或,that,，也可省略关系词。,答案,in which,/that/,不填,7,(2013,河北保定八校联考改编,)The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross river traffic is the heaviest.,解析,句意：大桥所建之处应该是跨河交通最繁忙的地方。第一空，,place,作为先行词，,_ the bridge is supposed to be built,是定语从句，,place,相当于地点状语，用,in/at which,或,where,引导；第二空，横线处引导表语从句，在从句中作状语，因此用,where,。,答案,at which/where,；,where,8,(2013,山西第二次诊断改编,)April Fools Day is a traditional festival _ people play harmless jokes on others.,解析,句意：愚人节是一个传统的节日，在这一天人们对别人开一些无伤大雅的玩笑。设空处引导定语从句，修饰前面的名词,festival,，而关系词代替,festival,在定语从句中作时间状语，故填,when,。,答案,when,9,(2013,陕西卷改编,)_is often the case with children,，,Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.,解析,句意：和孩子们的常见情况一样，医生到来时，埃米,(,比之前,),好多了。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在定语从句中作主语，位于主句之前，指代整个主句，故用,as,。,答案,As,10,(2013,新课标全国卷,改编,)When I arrived,，,Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying.,解析,句意：当我到达时，布赖恩带我去看了我将要住的房子。,stay,为不及物动词，其后不可直接接宾语，且先行词为,the house,，表示地点，故用关系副词,where,来引导该定语从句。,答案,where,.,单句改错,1,The way in which was thought of by him of doing the experiment was similar to the way in which you carried it out.,_,答案,去掉第一个,in,2,Last Sunday I climbed to the top of the hill near my home,，,which I could see half of the city.,_,答案,which,改为,where,3,Can you tell me the name of the stadium where you visited last week?,_,答案,where,改为,which/that,4,I made friends with Tom during his stay in Beijing,，,where he was studying Chinese in a university there.,_,答案,where,改为,when,5,It is the case with humans,，,animals also love their babies.,_,答案,It,改为,As,6,Such things that you described are rare now.,_,答案,that,改为,as,7,Carol said the work would be done by October,，,when personally I doubt very much.,_,答案,when,改为,which,8,He is the very lecturer,，,who experiences impressed us greatly at the conference yesterday.,答案,who,改为,whose,9,My key is gone.Have you seen it anywhere?,Oh,，,it is in the room that we had a talk last night.,答案,that,改为,where,10,This letter was returned because the person by whom it was addressed died three years ago.,_,答案,by,改为,to,11,The first place where we visited in China was the Great Wall.,_,答案,where,改为,that,12,I often look back on my university days,，,when I regard as the happiest of my life.,_,答案,when,改为,which,13,Weve been told that there will be an interval,，,which people can go to the restroom or buy some snacks.,_,答案,which,改为,when,14,The reason that he missed this class is clear now.,_,答案,that,改为,why,15,Remember that there is still one point where we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.,_,答案,where,改为,that,Thank you for listening,