Gsm呼叫流程(中文).ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,GSM,呼叫流程,目的,介绍,GSM,正常的呼叫流程（空中接口、,A-bis,接口和,A,接口）,介绍部分常见的异常中断的流程,内容,GSM,网络协议介绍,GSM,逻辑信道介绍,无线链路建立流程（,Radio and Link Establishment Procedure）,TCH,正常分配流程（,Normal Assignment Procedure）,主叫流程（,Originating Call）,被叫流程（,Terminating Call）,位置更新流程（,Location Updating）,切换流程（,Handover Procedure）,呼叫释放流程（,Call Release Procedure）,信道释放流程（,Channel Release Procedure）,目的和内容,GSM,协议层数,无线网络优化主要关心第三层的信令,无线网络优化主要关心,DTAP、RSL,的信令,无线网络优化主要关心,DTAP、BSSMAP,和部分,SCCP,的信令,DTAP,RSL,OML,GSM,网络协议,Layer 3,介绍,RR:,无线资源管理（,Radio Resource Management）,由,MS、BTS,和,BSC,控制,功能举例,Paging,管理（,Paging Management）,加密管理（,Ciphered Mode Management）,频点分配（,Frequency Redefinition）,信道分配（,Dedicated Channel Assignment）,切换（,Handover Management）,测量和功率控制（,Measures and Power Control）,MM:,移动性管理（,Mobility Management）,由,MS,和,MSC/VLR,控制,功能举例,鉴权和身份识别（,Authentication/Identification Procedures）,位置更新（,Location Updating）,IMSI Attach/Detach,GSM,网络协议,CC:,呼叫控制（,Call Control）,由,MS,和,MSC,控制,功能举例,呼叫处理和路由（,Call processing and routing）,双音多频（,DTMF Facilities）,短消息服务（,Short Message Service）,附加服务（,Supplementary Service）,GSM,网络协议,呼叫流程中常用的逻辑信道,PCH,寻呼信道（,Paging Channel）,RACH,随机接入信道（,Random Access Channel）,AGCH,接入认可信道（,Access Grant Channel）,SDCCH,独立专用控制信道（,Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel）,SACCH,慢联系控制信道（,Slow Associated Channel）,TCH,话务信道（,Traffic Channel）,FACCH,快联系控制信道（,Fast Associated Control Channel）,GSM,呼叫流程中常用的逻辑信道,PCH,RACH,AGCH,SDCCH+SACCH,TCH/FACCH+SACCH,定义,手机与网络间建立一个无线链路,，用于信令传送,包括以下四个步骤,Paging,过程（,Paging Procedure）（,仅用于被叫流程中）,随机接入过程（,Random Access Procedure）,立即分配过程（,Immediate Assignment Procedure）,SCCP,联接建立过程（,SCCP Connection Establishment Procedure）,当手机需要与网络发生联系时，必须要先建立无线链路和,A,接口的信令连接,无线链路建立流程,MS,BTS,BSC,MSC,Channel Request,Channel Required,Channel Activation（SD）,Channel Act Ack（SD）,Immediate Assignment,Command,UI Imm Assignment/Imm Ass Ext,ST9103,ET9103,ST3126,ET3126,ST3101,SABM L3 Info,Establish IndicationL3 Info,SCCP Con Rqrd L3,SCCP Conn Confirm,ET3101,ST9105,ET9105,UA L3 Info,（,RACH）（Est Cause，Rnd Nbr）,（,Est Cause，Rnd Nbr，TA）,RACH_TA_Filtering,（,TA，BS/MS_TxPwr-Max，Chann）,Timer；,S-Start；,E-End,Entity,信令消息,空中接口,Abis,接口,A,接口,（,Rnd Nbr，TDMA Frame Nbr，Chan，TA）,（,AGCH）,同时对两个,MS,分配,SDCCH,（,SDCCH）,BSC,开始对,MS,发出的上行,DTAP,消息排队（如,CM Serv Abort,消息）。如果收到,MS,发出的,Classmark Change,消息，,BSC,会在,SCCP,连接完成后发,Classmark Update,消息给交换机,如,CM Serv Req，Pag Res，Loc Update Req,等,Set Asynchronous Balance Mode。,在任何新信道登陆时均会有,SABM,过程,Unnumbered Ack,无线链路建立流程,无线链路建立流程,Abis,Abis,信令,Channel Required,无线链路建立流程,Abis,Channel Activation,无线链路建立流程,Abis,Immediately Assignment,无线链路建立流程异常情况,对不同的呼叫类型有不同的等待时间：,WI_EC/CR/OC/OP.(OP,主要指,LU,被叫没有相应等待时间),SDCCH,拥塞,如果,BSC,在收到,Channel Required,时，相应小区没有空闲的,SDCCH，BSC,将会,如果小区参数,En_Imm_Ass_Rej=“True”，,则发,Immediately Assignment Reject,否则忽略,Channel Required,消息,T9103,超时,BSC,发,RF Channel Release,消息到,BTS,BSC,收到,Channel Activation NAck,消息,BSC,内部释放,BTS,的相应无线信道(没有任何消息在,Abis,接口上传送,),T3101,超时,Layer 3,无法建立,BSC,发,RF Channel Release,到,BTS,T9105,超时,BSC,通过呼叫释放过程（,Call Release Procedure）,释放原先建立的,SDCCH,连接,在,A,接口,，,BSC,向,MSC,发,SCCP,释放请求,在,RF,部分,，,BSC,向手机和,BTS,发信道释放消息,仅在,BSC,内部资源表中释放，在,Abis,上没有信令传送,当信道激活不成功时触发的,BTS RF Chan Rel,不包含,Phys Cont Req,过程,BSC,收到,Establish Indication,消息，但消息中不含,Layer 3 Information,BSC,向手机和,BTS,发信道释放消息,Abis,上的其它异常中断消息的处理,BSC,收到,Error Indication,Cause,为:,“,T200 Expiry”:,监视,SABM,和,UA,过程,“,Unsolicited DM Response”(,发生在,Disconnect,过程中）,“,Sequence Error”,释放：,A,接口上，,BSC,发,Clear Request“Radio Interface Failure”,到交换机,BSC,向手机和,BTS,发信道释放消息,BSC,收到,Connection Failure indication(Cause:Radio Link Failure),在,A,接口上，,BSC,发,Clear Request“Radio Interface Failure”,到交换机,BSC,向,BTS,发,RF Channel Release,消息,BSC,收到,Release Indication,当收到手机发出的,DISC,消息,A,接口上，,BSC,发,Clear Request“Radio Interface Failure”,到交换机,BSC,向手机和,BTS,发信道释放消息,无线链路建立流程异常情况,MS,BTS,BSC,MSC,Authentication Req,Ciphering Mode Cmd,Authentication Req,Authentication Req,Authentication Resp,Authentication Resp,Authentication Resp,Encryption Command,Ciphering Mode Cmd,Ciphering Mode Cmp,Ciphering Mode Cmp,Ciphering Mode Cmp,TMSI Realloc Cmd,TMSI Realloc Cmd,TMSI Realloc Cmd,TMSI Realloc Cmp,TMSI Realloc Cmp,TMSI Realloc Cmp,Authentication,Ciphering,TMSI Realloc,ST3260,ET3260,*,Authentication Reject*,Identification,Identification Request,ST3270,ET3270,Identification Request,Identification Request,Identification Response,Identification Resp,Identification Response,ST3250,ET3250,（,RAND）,（,SRES）,RAND,与,Ki,经过,A3,算法得到,SRES；,经过,A8,算法得到,Kc,比较,SRES,（,IMSI）,选择加密算法,（,Permitted Alg，Kc）,准备解密接收,（,Alg，Kc）,（,Alg（A5,算法）,开始加密发射和解密接收,如正确解密接收，则下条消息加密发射,已加密的消息,（,TMSI）,VLR,从,HLR,处得到,RAND/SRES/Kc,鉴权、身份识别、加密、,TMSI,重新分配过程,鉴权、身份识别、加密、,TMSI,重新分配过程,A,口信令,Authentication Request,鉴权、身份识别、加密、,TMSI,重新分配过程,A,口信令,Authentication Response,鉴权、身份识别、加密、,TMSI,重新分配过程,A,口信令,Identification Response,鉴权过程中的异常情况,鉴权失败,如果鉴权过程中使用,TMSI，,网络将启动身份识别过程。如果手机送上来的,IMSI,与,VLR,中,TMSI,所对应的,IMSI,不一致，则重新进行鉴权,如果鉴权过程中已经使用,IMSI，,则网络发,Authentication Reject,消息。这个,SIM,将被认为是无权的,T3260,超时,第一次超时，网络将重发鉴权请求；第二次超时，网络将释放该,MM,连接,身份识别过程中的异常情况,T3270,超时,第一次超时，网络将重发身份识别请求；第二次超时，网络将释放该,MM,连接,TMSI,重新分配过程中的异常情况,T3250,超时,第一次超时，网络将重发,TMSI,重新分配请求；第二次超时，网络将释放该,MM,连接,鉴权、身份识别、加密、,TMSI,重新分配过程异常情况,定义,分配,TCH,的过程,特殊情况,排队（,Queuing）,直接重试（,Directed Retry）,TCH,分配过程,MS,BTS,BSC,MSC,Channel Activation TCH,SABM(FACCH),Channel Activation Ack.,Assignment Command,Assignment Command,Assignment Request,Physical Context Request,Physical Context Confirm,Establish Indication,UA,Assignment Complete,Assignment Complete,Assignment Cmp,RF Channel Release(SD),RF Channel Release Ack.,STrr1,ETrr1,ST9108,ET9108,ST9103,ET9103,ST3107,ET3107,（,Chn Type，Priority，CIC，DL DTX，Queuing Flag）,（,TA，MS/BS_TxPwr）,（,SDCCH）,（,TA，MS/BS_TxPwr）,（,MA，TS，HSN，MAIO，MS_TxPwr）,占用,TCH,时，如需传送信令，则通过,Stealing Flag,将,TCH,转换成,FACCH,一般情况下，在,RF,信道释放前都有,Physical Context Req,过程,TCH,分配过程,TCH,分配过程,A,口,Assignment Request,EFR,Queuing,TCH,分配过程,Abis,Abis,信令,TCH,分配过程,Abis,Physical Context Comfirm,TCH,分配过程,Abis,System Information Type 5,BA List,TCH,分配过程,Abis,System Information Type 6,LAC/CI,TCH,分配过程,Abis,Assignment Command,Frequency Encoding,（Bitmap 0）,TCH,分配过程,Abis,Frequency Encoding,频段分配,Frequency Encoding（,主要有三种方式）,Fixed Bitmap Bitmap 0,只能表现1124频点,TCH,分配过程,Abis,Recursive Dichotomy Algorithm,递归二分法,Variable Bitmap,MS,BTS,BSC,MSC,SABM(FACCH),Channel Activation,HO CMD,Assignment Request,Physical Con Req,Chan.Act.Ack.,HO Detection,UA,Phys.Info,Assignment Cmp,ST11,ST3103,Queuing Indication,ET11,At this time,a TCH become free,TCH,拥塞和排队,Assignment Request,ST11,Queuing Indication,ET11,A Handover alarm is raised.,A target BTS is selected,HO CMD,HO Access,ST9103,ET9103,T,T,S,T,T,Establish Indication,T,T,HO CMP,T,HO CMP,ST3124,ET3124,ET3103,直接重试,如果,Queuing Ind=True,或,Queuing_Anyway=True。（,当,Queuing _Anyway,时,T11_Forced,取代,T11,TCH,分配过程排队和直接重试,TCH,拥塞情况,不允许排队或队列已满,在,A,接口,BSC,发,Assignment Failure No Radio Resource Available,呼叫进入队列，但,T11,时间内没有,TCH,空出,在,A,接口,BSC,发,Clear Request No Radio Resource Available,呼叫被优先级更高的呼叫挤出队列,在,A,接口,BSC,发,Assignment Failure No Radio Resource Available”,T9108,超时,:,BTS,对,physical context request,没有响应,之后的,Channel Activation,消息中将不带,TA,和手机及,BTS,的发射功率信息,T9103,超时,:,Channel Activation,没有回应,A,接口上,BSC,发,Assignment Failure Radio Interface Failure,BSC,向,BTS,发,RF Channel Release,消息,TCH,分配过程异常情况,BSC,收到,Channel Activation Negative Acknowledge,消息,Channel Activation Negative Acknowledge,有以下几种原因:,Channel Already Activated(CAA):BSC,向手机和,BTS,发信道释放消息,(,通道已经激活,),Radio Resource Not Available(RRNA)-Protocol error (PE):BSC,内部释放,(,无线电资源不可用,),Requested transcoding rate not supported(RTRNS):BSC,内部释放,(,要求代码转换速度不受支持的,),Encryption algorithm not implemented(EANI):BSC,内部释放,(,加密算法没有实现,),O&M Intervention(OI):BSC,内部释放,在,A,接口上发,Assignment Failure,消息,对于收到,Chnav Neg Ack,原因为,EANI,的情况，,Assignment Failure,的,cause,为,Ciphering Algorithm not supported,其它情况，,Assignment Failure,的,cause,为,Radio Interface Failure,TCH,分配过程异常情况,在原来的信道上（如,SDCCH,信道）收到,Assignment Failure,消息,手机收到,Assignment Command,后，在新信道上发,SABM,消息，,BTS,收到后向手机发,UA,消息。但可能由于空中接口原因，手机没有收到,UA,消息。手机尝试,N200,次均未成功。,手机将会回到原来的信道。,并发,Assignment Failure,消息,BSC,收到该消息后在,A,接口发,Assignment Failure Reversion to Old Channel,BSC,向,BTS,发,RF Channel Release,消息，释放新信道,Assignment Command,的内容有误,手机发现,Assignment Command,消息中内容有误，手机发,Assignment Failure,消息到,BSC,BSC,收到该消息后在,A,接口发,Assignment Failure Reversion to Old Channel,BSC,向,BTS,发,RF Channel Release,消息，释放新信道,T3107,超时,BSC,在,A,接口发,Assignment Failure“Radio Interface Message Failure”，,并开始,T9110,计时,BSC,向,BTS,发,RF Channel Release,消息，释放新老信道,MSC,向,BSC,发,Clear Command,消息（呼叫释放），并停止,T9110,一般情况下，交换机收到该消息后发,DISC（temp fail）,TCH,分配过程异常情况,直接重试中的异常情况,没有,Candidate cell,BSC,在,A,接口发,Assignment Failure“No Radio Resource Available”,Channel Activation,过程中,T9103,超时,BSC,在,A,接口发,Assignment Failure“Radio Interface Failure”,BSC,向,BTS,发,RF Channel Release,消息,BSC,收到,Channel Activation Negative Acknowledge,消息,Channel Activation Negative Acknowledge,有以下几种原因,:,Channel Already Activated(CAA):BSC,向手机和,BTS,发信道释放消息,Radio Resource Not Available(RRNA)-Protocol error (PE):BSC,内部释放,Requested transcoding rate not supported(RTRNS):BSC,内部释放,Encryption algorithm not implemented(EANI):BSC,内部释放,O&M Intervention(OI):BSC,内部释放,在,A,接口上发,Assignment Failure,消息,对于收到,Chnav Neg Ack,原因为,EANI,的情况，,Assignment Failure,的,cause,为,Ciphering Algorithm not supported,其它情况，,Assignment Failure,的,cause,为,Radio Interface Failure,TCH,分配过程异常情况,T3103,超时,:,没有收到,HO Failure,或,HO Complete,消息,BSC,在,A,接口发,Assignment Failure“Radio Interface message Failure”,BSC,向手机和,BTS,发信道释放消息，释放新老信道,收到手机发来的,HO Failure,消息,BSC,在,A,接口发,Assignment Failure“Reversion to Old Channel”,消息,BSC,向,BTS,发,RF Channel Release,消息，释放新信道,Abis,上的其它异常中断消息的处理,BSC,收到,Connection Failure Indicaiton,消息,Cause,为:,“,Radio Interface Failure”:,无线链路超时引起的释放,释放：,A,接口上，,BSC,发,Clear Request“Radio Interface Failure”,到交换机,BSC,向,BTS,发,RF Channel Release,消息,BSC,收到,Error Report,消息,BSC,收到,Error Indication,消息,BSC,收到,Release Indication,消息,A,中继信道拥塞或不可用情况,TCH,分配过程异常情况,主叫过程（非,OACSU,情况）,MS,BTS,BSC,MSC,Call Proceeding,ESTIN(CM_Serv_Req),RR Connection Establishment,RR Connection Establishment,RR Connection Establishment,Authentication Procedure,Authentication Procedure,Authentication Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,TMSI Realloc Procedure,TMSI Realloc Procedure,TMSI Realloc Procedure,SETUP,SETUP,SETUP,Call Proceeding,Call Proceeding,Assignment Procedure,Assignment Procedure,Assignment Procedure,Alerting,Alerting,Alerting,Connect,Connect,Connect,Connect Ack.,Connect Ack.,Connect Ack.,Speech,CM_Serv_Req,Off Air Call Setup,（,called party nbr）,先建立,TCH，,再接通,B,侧信道。,Alerting,在,TCH,上发送,（,CM Serv Type，Mobile ID，Classmark2，Priority，）,SDCCH,TCH,主叫过程,A,口,A,口信令,两次,Classmark Update。,前一次由于,Early Classmark Sending,引起；后者由于,BSC,下发,Classmark Enquiry,引起,主叫过程,A,口,CM Service Request,主叫：,MOC est/pkt mode con estab,短信：,Short message service,附加服务：,Suppl service activation,CLASSMARK,CLASSMARK,包含以下信息,MS Revision Level,手机的修正版本,MS Ciphering Capability,手机支持的加密算法,MS Frequency Capability,手机支持的频段,MS RF Power Capability in Each Band,手机在各频段支持的发射功率,主叫过程,A,口,CLASSMARK,主叫过程,A,口,Setup,主叫过程,A,口,被叫号码,MS,BTS,BSC,MSC,Call Proceeding,ESTIN(CM_Serv_Req),RR Connection Establishment,RR Connection Establishment,RR Connection Establishment,Authentication Procedure,Authentication Procedure,Authentication Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,TMSI Realloc Procedure,TMSI Realloc Procedure,TMSI Realloc Procedure,SETUP,SETUP,SETUP,Call Proceeding,Call Proceeding,Assignment Procedure,Assignment Procedure,Assignment Procedure,Alerting,Alerting,Alerting,Connect,Connect,Connect,Connect Ack.,Connect Ack.,Connect Ack.,Speech,CM_Serv_Req,SDCCH,TCH,先接通,B,侧信道，再建立,TCH。Alerting,在,SDCCH,上发送,主叫过程（,OACSU,情况）,MS,BTS,BSC,MSC,Call Confirmed,ESTIN(Paging Resp),RR Connection Establishment,RR Connection Establishment,RR Connection Establishment,Authentication Procedure,Authentication Procedure,Authentication Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,TMSI Realloc Procedure,TMSI Realloc Procedure,TMSI Realloc Procedure,SETUP,SETUP,SETUP,Call Confirmed,Call Confirmed,Assignment Procedure,Assignment Procedure,Assignment Procedure,Alerting,Alerting,Alerting,Connect,Connect,Connect,Connect Ack.,Connect Ack.,Connect Ack.,Speech,Paging Response,Paging,Paging Command,Paging Request,ST3113,ET3113,Paging Group,的个数（,N）：,由,BS_AG_BLKS_RES,和,BS_PA_MFRMS,决定;,MS,的,Paging Group=(IMSI mod 1000)mod N;MS,只监听自己对应的,Paging Group,的,Paging Req,消息,（,MS ID（TMSI/IMSI），Cell ID（LAC/LAC+CI）,（,MS ID（TMSI/IMSI），Paging Group）,（,MS ID（TMSI/IMSI）,（,最多可同时发4个,TMSI）,（,Mobile ID，Classmark2，Priority，）,（,calling party nbr）,被叫过程,A,口信令,被叫过程,A,口,Paging,被叫过程,A,口,IMSI,号码，,BSC,用来计算,Paging Group,TMSI,号码，空中接口,Paging,时用，比较经济,LAC Paging,A,口信令,被叫过程,A,口,Setup,被叫过程,A,口,主叫号码,T3113,超时,如果,T3113,超时，,Paging Response,消息没有收到，网络会重发,Paging,消息，并重新开始,T3113,计时。重试的次数在交换机中定义。,Paging,失败,MS,BTS,BSC,MSC,Clear CMD,ESTIN(Loc Up Req),RR Connection Establishment,RR Connection Establishment,RR Connection Establishment,Authentication Procedure,Authentication Procedure,Authentication Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,Ciphering Procedure,TMSI Realloc Procedure,TMSI Realloc Procedure,TMSI Realloc Procedure,Loc Up Accept,Channel Release,Deactivate SACCH,DISC,Release Indication,UA,RF Ch Release,Loc Up Req,Loc Up Accept,Loc Up Accept,Channel Release,RF Ch Release Ack,Clear CMP,ST3210,ET3210,（,LU Type，MS ID，LAI，Classmark1，）,位置更新过程,A,口信令,位置更新过程,A,口,注：在这段信令中，手机,Location Update Request,中所带的,TMSI,不能被,VLR,识别（一般在跨,MSC,位置更新时），所以,MSC,发,Identification Request，,要求手机上发,IMSI,号码。得到,IMSI,号码后，,MSC,到老的,VLR,中要到鉴权信息，并对手机进行鉴权。全部完成后,MSC,到老的,VLR,中做,Cancel Location，,结束所有过程。,Location Update Request,位置更新过程,A,口,位置更新后没有后续的（,Follow-on）,呼叫过程,手机原来的,LAC,手机的,TMSI,Location Update Accept,位置更新过程,A,口,新的,LAC,重新分配的,TMSI,切换分为,小区内切换（,IntraCell Internal Handover）:,切换原因(按优先级排序),Cause 15&16,干扰切换(,High level interference on UL or DL).,Cause 10&11:,同心圆内圆电平过低而向外园切换（,Too low level,inner zone(inner to outer zone HO,concentric cell)(UL&DL)）,Cause 13:,同心圆外圆电平较高时向内圆切换（,Too high level on the UL and DL,outer zone(outer to inner zone HO,concentric cell)）,BSC,内部小区间切换（,Intercell Internal Handover）,切换原因(按优先级排序),Cause 7:,微小区,BadSACCH,切换（,Several consecutive Bad SACCH frames received(rescue microcell HO)）,Cause 17&18:,微小区高门限切换（,Too low level in a microcell compared to a high threshold(UL&DL)）,Cause 2&4:,质量切换（,Too Low Quality(UL&DL)）,Cause 3&5:,电平切换（,Too Low Level(UL&DL)）,Cause 6:,太长距离且换（,Too long MS-BS distance）,Cause 22:,扩站小区外小区太短距离切换（,Too short MS-BS distance）,Cause20:,强制直接重试（,Forced Direct Retry）,Cause25:GPRS,重定向（,GPRS Redirection）,切换过程,Cause 21:Preferred Band,切换（,High level in neighbor cell in the preferred band）,Cause 14:,宏小区到微小区切换（,High level in a neighbor microcell for macrocell to microcell HO.）,Cause 12:PBGT,切换（,Power Budget(Better Cell HO)）,Cause 23:,话务切换（,Traffic HO）,Cause 24:,综合捕捉切换（,General Capture HO）,同步切换,Intra Cell,切换,部分,Internal Inter Cell,切换,异步切换,切换过程,MS,BTS,BSC,MSC,Measurement Rep,Measurement Res,Intra cell,切换,Phys Context Req,OC,OC,Phys Context Conf,OC:Old Channel,NC:New Channel,NC,NC,Channel Activation Ack,Channel Activation,Assignment Command,Assign