动名词Grammar1.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,动名词的功能,一,.,动名词做主语的用法,动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作,在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。如：,1.,Seeing,is believing.,2.,Helping,her is my duty,3.,Watching TV,too much is bad for your eyes.,4.,Talking,mends no holes.,空谈无济于事。,5.,Working,with you is a pleasure.,和你一起工作是一种乐趣。,6.,Learning a foreign language,is very useful.,7.,Traveling abroad,can be very exciting.,动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样，也可以用,it,作形式主语。动名词做真正主语主要用于下列句型：,Its+,名词或名词短语,形容词,+doing,sth,nice good useless hard foolish enjoyable worthwhile,等形容词后常用动名词做真正主语,Its rather tiring,walking,around in a city.,Its no,use(useless,),talking too much,.,=,Talking to much,is no,use(useless,),3.Its no good,crying,=,Crying,is no good.,4.Its nice,talking,to you.,跟你交谈真是愉快,5.Its foolish,behaving,like that.,那样的表现很愚蠢,6.Its useless,doing,that.,那样做没用,下列名词或名词短语做表语时常用动名词做真正主语：,use good fun a waste of job task,Its a waste of time,doing,this.,Its no good(,use),doing,this.,Its fun,doing,this.,Its not an easy task,doing,this work.,不定式做主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。如：,Its no use crying over spilt milk.,覆水难收。,He realized that to go on like this was wrong.,（指抽象动作）,（指具体动作）,【,考例,】,What do you think made Mary so upset,？,_ her new bicycle,A.As she lost B.Lost,C.Losing D.Because of losing,解析：,losing her new bicycle,是句子的主语，谓语,made her so upset,被省略，,losing,在此表示具体的动作。,Translate the following sentences into Chinese.,1.Talking to him is talking to a wall.,2.Smoking may cause cancer.,对他说话等于对牛弹琴。,吸烟会致癌,3.Walking is my sole exercise.,4.Talking mends no holes.,5.Doing morning exercises is good for your health.,6.Collecting information is very important to businessman.,散步是我唯一的运动。,（谚）空谈无济于事,做早操对你的健康有好处,。,收集信息对商人非常重要,二,.,动名词作宾语的用法,1,有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语。,admit,appreciate,avoid,，,advise,burst out,be used to,be busy doing,be worth,cant stand,（不能忍受）,consider,（考虑），,cant help,confess to,(,承认，坦白）,delay,（延期，耽搁）,devote to,（奉献，致力于）,dislike,，,deny,enjoy,escape,excuse,F.feel like,finish,fancy,(,想象,),forgive,forbid,get down to,(,着手处理，开始,),give up,have a hard time doing,sth,做,不容易；很难做,have difficultytroubleproblems+doing,I.imagine.,include,insist on,instead of,K.,keep,keep on,L.look forward to,leave off,(,停止,),lead to,M.Miss,mind,mention,O.object to,(,反对,),quit,(,停止，离开,),resist,（抵抗）,risk,suggest,spend doing,succeed in doing,see to,(,注意，处理，照顾,),stick to,(,坚持,),take to,(,喜欢，开始从事,),W.waste time doing,(,浪费时间做某事,),You must,practise,reading English aloud.,Were tired of having the same food every day.,He suggested taking a walk after supper.,We enjoy singing songs.,【,考例,】,I cant imagine _ that with them,A.do B.to do,C.being done D.doing,She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden,A.visit B.paying a visit,C.walk in D.walking in,解析：,考查短语动词,look forward to,后跟动名词作宾语的用法。,2.,在,allow,advise,forbid,permit,后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“,allow,advise,forbid,permit,名词代词不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如：,We dont allow smoking here,We dont allow anybody to smoke here,Her shoes wants,mending,.,她的鞋该修理了。,注意,:,当,need,want,require,worth deserve,后面接,doing,表示被动。,Your hair wants,cutting,.,你的头发该理了。,The floor requires,washing,.,地板需要冲洗。,The book is worth reading.,The car needs cleaning.,3.,动词,need,require,want,意为“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。如：,The window needs,requires,wants cleaning,to be cleaned,4.,在,begin,continue,love,like,hate,prefer,intend,start,后用动名词和,用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多,大区别。,5.,动词,forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,be used to,cant help,后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。,forget,regret,remember,后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作,。,go on doing,继续做原来做的事,go on to do,接着做另一件事,mean doing,意味着要做某事,mean to do,想要做某事,stop doing,停止做某事,stop to do,停下来（别的事）开始,做某事,try doing,试着做某事,try to do,努力做某事,be used to doing,习惯于做某事,be used to do,被用来做某事,cant help doing,禁不住做某事,cant help to do,不能帮助做某事,remind,sb,of doing,sth,（使某人想起某事）,remind,sb,to do,sth,（提醒某人做某事）,【,考例,】,Lets have a rest,Not now,I dont want to stop _ yet,A.study B.to study,C.for studying D.studying,解析：,stop studying,意为“停止学习”。,Let me tell you something about the journalists,Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday,？,A.told B.telling,C.to tell D.to have told,解析,:,remember telling me,意为,“记得曾经告诉过我”。,Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers?,A.mark B.be marked,C.being marked D.marking,点拨,get down to doing,sth,.,开始着手干某事，,to,在这个短语中是介词,后可跟动词,-,ing,形式、名词或代词。又因,mark the papers“,判试卷”与逻辑主语,you,是主动关系，故排除选项,C,。,1.It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car.A.repairing B.repair C.to repair D.repaired,Excersice,2.Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month?Will you please remember _ it tomorrow?A.borrowing;to bring B.to borrow;bring,C.borrowed;bringing D.borrowing;bringing,3.The classroom wants _.A.clean B.cleaned C.to clean D.cleaning,4.Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for us.A.to wait B.wait C.waiting D.waited,5.My brother keeps _ me with my work.A.to help B.help C.helping D.helped,6.We should often practise _ English with each other.,A.to speak B.spoke C.speak D.speaking,7.Keep on _ and you will succeed.A.a try B.try C.triing D.trying,8.His parents insist on _ to college.A.he should go B.he go C.his going D.him to go,9.The story was so funny that we _.A.couldnt help laugh B.cant but laugh C.couldnt help laughing D.couldnt help but to laugh,10.Though it sounds a bit too dear(,昂贵,),it is worth _.A.being bought B.buying C.to buy D.buying it,11.He devoted his life to _ the atomic theory.A.study B.be studied C.studying D.have studied,12.We are both looking forward to _ next week.A.going on vocation(,休假,)B.go on vocation C.be going on vocation D.have gone on vocation,13.You must pay attention to _ the works of Lu Xun.A.read B.reading C.reader D.be read,14.You should work tonight instead of _ TV.A.to watch B.you watching C.you watch D.watching,15.The microscope is used for_ minute(,微小的,)objects.A.examining B.being examined C.examined D.examine,16.Mike has got used _ up late at night.(stay up)A.to sit B.X C.to sitting D.sitting,17.Once the heart stops _,death follows at once.A.beating B.to beat C.being beaten D.to be beating,18.We are now busy _ for the examination.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.being prepared,19.I remembered _ this person somewhere before.A.seeing B.having been seen C.seen D.to see,20.I regret _ that to her.A.having said B.to have said C.to say D.X,21.The patient must be separated to avoid(,避免,)_ others.A.being infected(,感染,)B.infecting C.to infect D.infected,22.Your clothes need _.A.washed B.to be washed C.to wash D.being washed,23._ provides us with essential nutrients(,营养,),while _ provides us with oxygen.A.To eat;breathing B.Eating;to breathe C.Eating;breathing D.Eaten;breathed,24.You cant imagine what difficulty we,had _ home in the snowstorm.,(,辽宁,2007),walkedB.walk,C.to walk D.walking,25.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month,he had a hard time _ the exam.(,福建,2004),A.pass B.to pass,C.passed D.passing,此题中,have a hard time(in)doing,意为“费了很大劲做”，,-,ing,形式作介词的宾语。此句中省略了介词,in,，增加了试题的难度。类似的结构还有：,spend.(in)doing,花费,做,have difficulty/trouble(in)doing,做,有困难,stop/prevent.(from)doing,阻止,做,waste time(in)doing,浪费时间做,excuse.(for)doing,原谅,做,be busy(in)doing,忙于做,26.Can I smoke here?,Sorry.We dont allow _ here.(,江苏,2007),A.people smoking B.people smoke,C.to smoke D.smoking,27.It is difficult to imagine his _ the decision without any consideration.(,陕西,2006),accept B.accepting,C.to accept D.accepted,Grammar,动名词,主动语态,被动语态,一般式,doing,being done,完成式,having done,having been done,动名词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生,1.He enjoys listening to music,.,同时发生,2.They look forward to visiting the museum,.,在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生,动名词的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,1.She regretted having broken the law,.,2.,He admitted having stolen the bike.,动名词的被动式,He escaped being punished by the captain,.,他逃过了队长的惩罚。,The president tried to avoid being questioned by the reporters.,总统尽量避免被记者提问。,The little boy remembered being given some sweets for his good deeds.,小男孩记得曾经由于做好事而被给了几块糖。,He was happy for having been chosen to attend the meeting.,他很高兴被选去出席这个会议,动名词的复合结构：,动名词可以有逻辑主语，通常是形容词性物主代词（,my his her our their,）或名词所有格,(Jims Li Leis),。这种“,逻辑主语,+,动名词,”的结构称为动名词的复合结构。,1.His coming,made me very happy.,他的到来使我非常高兴。（做主语）,2.He insisted on,Marys living,in the room,.,他坚持让,Mary,住在这个房间,。（做宾语）,3.She insisted on,me going,.,她坚持让我去,(,宾语,),注意：,1,）,如动名词的复合结构不在句首，可用代词的宾格（,me him us her it,）或名词的普通格,(Jim Li Lei)+,动名词构成。,Were glad at Tom(Toms)coming.,我们很高兴,Tom,的到来,Would you mind,me(my)opening,the door?,我打开门你介意吗？,It is difficult to imagine his,（,him)accepting the decision without any consideration,很难想象他不加考虑就接受了这个决定,注意：,2,）,动名词的复合结构如为无生命的东西，则不能加,s,或,s,即用普通格。,There is no hope of,the factory making profit.,这家工厂想赚取利润是不可能的。,The noise of desks being opened and closed,could be heard out in the street.,在街上就能听见书桌打开和关闭的声音。,The tides are caused by,the moon and sun pulling water forward.,海潮是由于月亮和太阳吸引海水而引起的。,动名词的否定式：,not+,动名词,Im sorry for,not being there,.,我没去那儿，十分对不起。,His not getting to the station on time,made everyone worried,.,他没准时到车站，这使得每个人都担心。,I think the big problem is,their not having enough time.,我认为最大的问题是他们没有足够的时间,。,I must apologize for,not letting you know ahead of time.,事先没让你知道，我必须向你道歉。,1.Tom was very unhappy for,to the party.,having not been invited,B.not having invited,C.having not invited,D.not having been invited,D,2.One learns a language by making,and,them.,correct B.,corrceting,C.corrects D.to correct,3.In some parts of London,missing a bus means,for another hour.,waiting B.to wait,C.wait D.to be waiting,B,A,4.I really appreciate,to relax with you on this nice island.,to have had time B.having time,to have time D.to having time,5.The mother asked her daughter not to delay,the paper.,handing in B.to hand in,C.hand in D.having handed in,B,A,6.I hate,their complaints all day.Some day Ill tell them what I really think.,A.paying attention to B.to talk about,C.listening to D.to have heard,7.The time he has devoted in the past ten years,the disabled is now considered,of great value.,to help;being B.to helping;to be,C.help;to be D.helping;being,C,B,8.He now regrets,harder when he was at school.,not study B.not studied,not studying D.not to study,9.Which do you enjoy,your weekends,boating or fishing?,spending B.to spend,C.having spent D.to have spend,C,B,10.Do you mind,alone at home?,Jane leaving B.Jane having left,C.Janes being left D.Jane to be left,11.,made every child very glad.,He came B.His coming,C.Him coming D.He coming,C,B,12.You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.,Well,now I regret _ that.,A,to do B.to be doing,to have done D.having done,13.We dont allow,in the auditorium,（大礼堂）,;we dont want to risk,it on fire.,to smoke;setting,B.to be,smking,;to set,C.to be smoking;being set,D.smoking;setting,D,D,14.She is very busy,her papers.She is far too busy,callers.,writing;receiving,B.to write;for receiving,to write;to receive D.writing;to receive,made the situation extremely hard for us.,Wang Dong had left,B.Wang Dongs having left,C.Wang Dong left,D.Wang Dong having left,D,B,16.He has trouble,French.,speaking B.spoken,C.to speak D.speak,17.She denied,to check the report again.,to have been told,B.having been told,being told,D.to have told,A,B,18.Does Mr.Li object to,her the money?,lending B.lend C.be lent D.lent,19.He apologized for,to come,not being able,B.that hes not be able to,C.his not being able,D.his being not able,A,B,20.Kate,scolded by her father,finally confessed to,the money.,steal B.stealing,C.having stolen D.have stolen,C,点拨,：,confess,招供 承认,confess to,中,to,是介词后面要跟动名词。承认的事是已经发生过的，所以要用完成式。句意为：,Kate,在被父亲责骂以后，最终承认偷了钱。,Homework,Next time well learn Organic Farming on Page 14.If possible,please find some information.Todays homework is to finish all Exercises on Page 49 and 50.,