情态动词和虚拟语气-高考英语-语法.ppt

,考点精讲领悟,高考集训启迪,预测模拟演练,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,工具,语法专项提升,栏目导引,情态动词和虚拟语气,一,.shall,和,should,1,Shall,(1),用在一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方,的意见或指示。,E g.Shall we go out for a walk?,Has Mr.Wang arrived?,Yes,，,already.Shall he wait outside or just,come in?,考点一：情态动词的基本用法,(2),用于二、三人称陈述句中，表示命令、许诺、威胁、决心、法律条文上的许可或要求等。,E g.You shall go to the front at once.,Don,t worry.You shall get the answer this,very afternoon.,T,he,school,rules state that no,child,shall be,allowed,out of the school unless accompanied by an adult.,You shall not get my support if you do such a thing,.,2.should,(1)(,表义务，责任,),应该,You should apologize to him.,(2)(,表示预测可能性,),可能，,(,按道理说,),应该,Its nearly 7 oclock.Jack should be here,at the moment.,(3),竟然，居然,I am surprised that you should speak in such a way.,I can never imagine an honest boy like him should cheat in the exam,.,(4),一 旦,万一,Should you change your mind,let me know.,If it should rain tomorrow,we would stay at home.,二,can,和,could,（,1,）,(,表示能力,),能,/,会,（区别,can,could,和,be able to,）,A computer cant think itself.,I could swim all the way across the lake,but I cant now.,（,2,）,(,表示许可,),You can go out when you finish your homework.,(3)(,表示推测，常用在否定句和疑问句中）,Who can it be at this time of day?,Theres no light on-they cant be at home.,(4)(,表示请求,),能不能,Can you give me a lift to the station?,(5)(,表示平时或大部分时间不是这样,),有时会,(6),固定搭配,1).cannot.too/enough,表示,“,无论,也不,过分,”“,越,越好,”,You cant be too careful while driving.,You cant be careful enough while driving.,2).,cant help doing sth.,3).,cant (help/choose)but do sth.,The experienced teacher can,make mistakes,sometimes.,三,.will,与,would,(1),表示意愿或决心（,would,用于过去的情况）,I will never do that again.,I have told him again and again to stop smoking,，,but he wont listen.,(2008,北京卷,)John promised his doctor he would not smoke,，,and he never smoked ever since.,(2),表示请求,Will you help me with the work?,Would you mind if I opened the window?,(3),表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作,would,可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，后面接表示动 作的动词,不能接表示状态的词,;used to,表示过去的习惯动作或状态，强调现在已不存在。,Every morning he will have a walk along this river.,Whenever he was in trouble,he would ask me for help.,Our company used to do business with theirs.,四,.may,与,might,(1),（表示请求,/,准许）可以,You may not take photos in the museum.,May I use your car?No,Im afraid you cant.,注：,could/might,用来表示请求、许可时，语气比,can/may,委婉，但在答语中不能用,could/might.,Could I,use your bike?,Yes,you can.,Might,I speak to you for a moment?,Yes,you may.,e g.,“may/might as well do sth,”,意为“最好,，倒不如,”,(2),表示祝愿,May you succeed!,May God be with you!,(3),句型,:,You may as well do it at once.,We may as well stay where we are.,五,Must,(1),（表示义务,/,必要性）必须,You must do as you are told.,must,作“必须”讲时，其否定式是“,neednt”,，表示“不必”。,eg,.,Must I work out the problem tonight?,No,，,you neednt.,注,:mustnt,表示“禁止，不准”,You mustnt play with the knife;you may hurt yourself.,(2)(,表示推测,),一定，准是,There must be something wrong.,(3),（表示固执,不满）偏要,If you must smoke,please go out.,Why must you be talking so loudly while others are studying?,1.(2010,江苏卷,)I havent got the reference book yet,，,but Ill have a test on the subject next month.,Dont worry.You_have,it by Friday.,A,could,B,shall,C,must D,may,解析：,句意为：,我至今还没有拿到参考书，但是下个月这个学科就要测试了。,别担心，周五之前你一定会有的。本题考查情态动词。,shall,用于第二人称表示允诺、要求、命令、威胁等语气，根据句意可知此处表示允诺的语气，故答案为,B,。,could,能，能够；,must,必须；,may,也许，均不符合语境，可排除。,答案：,B,2,(2011,潍坊质量监测,)When we worked in the same firm several years ago,，,we_often,go to the cinema together.,A,would B,will,C,shall D,could,解析：,考查情态动词。句意为：当几年前我们在同一家公司工作时，我们常常一起去电影院。,would,这里表示,(,过去,),常常。,答案：,A,3,(2010,福建毕业班检查,)For environmental reasons,，,we _as well take these waste products and have them recycled.,A,should B,would,C,might D,could,解析：,考查情态动词。根据语意，这里表示,“,我们只好把这些废弃产品收起来并回收利用,”,，固定表达,may/might as well,意为,“,使,倒也无妨，只好做,”,，由此我们不难判断这里选,C,项。,答案：,C,4,(2010,南通二模,)Will it take me long to get to the Sunshine Hotel?,No,，,it_take you long.Its,not the rush hour now.,A,shouldnt B,shant,C,mustnt D,neednt,解析：,考查情态动词。根据应答句的后一分句可知所填词意思是：不应该，选,A,。,答案：,A,1,must,表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的,(,在疑问句中或 否定句中要用,can),。,(2009,重庆,),Hi,，,Tom.Any idea where Jane is?She must be in the classroom.I saw her there just now.Theres no light on-they cant be at home.,2,can,用于肯定句中有时可以用来表示推测，意为,“,有时会,”,；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为,“,可能,”,，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，,cant,意为,“,不可能,”,，语气很强烈。,e g.Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the meeting?,布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能迟到会议呢？,(2008,福建卷,)It is usually warm in my hometown,in March,，,but it can be rather cold sometimes.,3,May/might,用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测，意为,“,可能,”,；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，,may not,意为,“,可能不,”,，表示一种不太确定的语气。,(2009,辽宁卷,)The traffic is heavy these days.I might arrive a bit late,，,so could you save me a place?,最近这些天交通拥挤。我有可能迟到一会儿，因此请你给我留个位子好吗？,(2008,全国卷,)Liza may well not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.,莉莎可能不想去旅行，她厌恶旅行。,4,should,用来表示推测时意为,“,应该,”,，即含有,“,按道理来说应当如此,”,的意思。,(2010,淄博检测,)The public transport in Beijing is very convenient,，,so there shouldnt be any difficulty in traveling around the city.,现在北京的公共交通非常便利，所以在市区观光不应该有什么困难。,1.(2010,浙江卷,),“,You_have,a wrong number,，,”,she said,，,“,Theres no one of that name here.,”,A,need B,can,C,must D,would,解析：,句意为：,“,你肯定打错电话了，,”,她说，,“,这儿没有叫那个名字的人。,”,考查情态动词。此处情态动词表推测，由语境可知说话人对推测的事情把握较大，所以用,must(,肯定，一定,),。,答案：,C,2,(2010,烟台二模,)I think Ill give Bob a ring.,You _.You havent been in touch with him for ages.,A,will B,may,C,have to D,should,解析：,考查情态动词的用法。根据题意可知，这里选择,should,的意思是,“,应该,”,。这句话的意思是：你应该这样做,(,即给,Bob,打个电话,),，你们都多年没有联系了。,答案：,D,3,(2010,济宁一模,)When shall we hold the meeting?,It_be,better to put it off until next week.,A,must B,could,C,can D,will,解析：,考查情态动词。此处,could,表示可能性、推测：说不定会。如：,It could be better to stay here.,说不定呆在这里比较好。,答案：,B,1,can/could have done,表示本能够做,，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中,cant have done,多用于语气强烈的否定，意为,“,不可能做过,”,。,The accident could have been avoided.,这场事故本来是可以避免的。,(2008,天津卷,)She cant have left school,，,for her bike is,still here.,她的自行车现在还在这儿，她不可能已经离开了学校。,2,may/might have done,表示对过去行为的推测，意为,“,可能做过,”,。,might,所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。此外,might have done,可表示,“,本可能做而实际上未做,”,。,I cant find my purse anywhere.,You may have lost it while shopping.,3,must have done,表示对过去行为的推测，意为,“,一定，想必,”,，语气十分肯定。,(2009,上海卷,)It must have been Tom that parked the car here,，,as he is the only one with a car.,一定是汤姆把车停在这里的，因为只有他有车。,4,should/ought to have done,用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。,Im not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now.,我现在觉得肚子疼，我刚才不应该吃那么多的炸鸡。,You oughtnt to have been late for yesterdays class meeting,，,as it was so important.,昨天的班会你本不应该迟到，因为它很重要。,5.neednt have done,表示本不需要,I actually neednt have bought so much wineonly three people came.,1.(2010,潍坊教学质量抽样监测,)Her English composition is much too perfect.She _it herself,，,I bet.,A,might have written B,cant have written,C,cant write D,must have written,解析：,考查情态动词。语意为：她的英语作文太好了，我打赌一定不是她写的。因为,write,是过去的动作，表示对过去事情的否定推测用,can,t,have done,。,答案：,B,2,(20103,月浙江金华十校联考,)Why didnt you come to Mikes birthday party yesterday.,Well,，,I_,，,but I had something important to do the moment.,A,should B,must,C,should have D,must have,解析：,考查情态动词和省略。,should have,在这里相当于,should have come to Mikes birthday party,，即,“,我本应该去参加,Mike,的生日晚会的,”,。,should have done,表,“,本应该做某事,(,但实际上未做,),”,，其他选项不合题意。,答案：,C,3,(2010,安徽卷,)Jack described his father,，,who_a,brave boy many years ago,，,as a strongwilled,man.,A,would be B,would have been,C,must be D,must have been,解析：,句意为：杰克的父亲很多年前一定非常勇敢，因此杰克说,他的父亲是一个意志坚定的人。本题考查情态动词表推测语气。,由句中的,many years ago,可知是对过去的推测，故排除,A,、,C,；,而,B,项表示可能性很小，故被排除。,答案：,D,4,(2010,山东卷,)I_ have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams.,A,shouldnt B,neednt,C,couldnt D,mustnt,解析：,句意为：我本不应该去看那部电影,它会使我做噩梦的。考查情态动词。,shouldnt have done,本不该干，但是干了；,needn,t have done,本没必要干，但是干了；,couldn,t have done,不可能干了某事。无,mustn,t have done,结构。根据题干所提供信息应选,A,项。,答案：,A,情况,从句,的动词,主句,的动词,例句,与现在事实相反,动词的过去式,(be,动词一律用,were),would,/could/,should/might,动词原形,If I had time,，,I would attend your party.,如果我有时间，我就去参加你的宴会了。,If I saw him now,，,I would be very happy.,如果我现在见到他，我会很高兴的。,与过去事实相反,had,过去,分词,would,/could/,should/might,have,过去分词,You didnt let me drive.If,we had driven in turn,，,you wouldnt have got so tired.,你当时不让我开车。如果我们轮流开，你就不会觉得那么累了。,与将来事实相反,动词的过去式；,should,动词原形；,were to,动词原形,would,/could/,might/should,动词原形,If it snowed,/were to snow/,should snow tomorrow,，,we would take photos.,如果明天下雪，我们就照相。,注意：,(1),若条件句中有,were,，,had,，,should,，可把,if,省略，而把,were,，,had,，,should,放在主语前，形成倒装结构,.,Had you taken my advice,，,you wouldnt have failed in the examination.,(2),有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。,If you had worked hard,，,you would be very tired now.,如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的。,(,从句指过去，主句指现在,),(3),有时虚拟条件并不通过条件从句表达出来，而是通过词、短语或上下文暗示，此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。,Without electricity(,If there were no electricity),，,life would be quite different today.,如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。,But for your help,，,it would have caused a serious loss.,要不是你的帮助，那将会导致巨大的损失。,I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If,I hadnt been busy that day,，,I would have gone there with them.),我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。,1.(2010,湖南卷,)If he_my,advice,，,he wouldnt have lost his job.,A,followed,B,should follow,C,had followed D,would follow,解析：,句意为：如果他,(,当时,),接受我的建议，就不会丢掉他的工作了。本题考查虚拟语气。因为,if,条件句表示与过去事实相反，故采用过去完成时。,答案：,C,2,(2011,厦门市质量检查,)Thank you for reminding me of the time,，,or I _late yesterday.,Dont mention it.,A,should be B,would be,C,will have been D,would have been,解析：,考查虚拟语气。从语境可知说话人是在谈论昨天的事，因此要使用情态动词,would,完成式。谢谢你提醒我时间，不然昨天我就迟到了。,答案：,D,3,(2011,山东潍坊质检,)_more careful,，,the mistake would not have been made.,A,If he is B,Had he been,C,Should he be D,If he has been,解析：,从主句中的,would not have been made,可知，这是与过去相反的虚拟语气，因此从句谓语动词用,had been,的形式，又因助动词为,had,时，可将,if,省掉，,had,提前，故,B,项正确。,答案：,B,(1),在名词性从句中，常用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的词后宾语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气，形式为：,(should),动词原形。常这样用的动词有：,advise,劝告，,demand,要求，,desire,渴望，,command,命令，,insist,坚持，,prefer,宁愿，,urge,主张，,order,命令，,recommend,推荐，,request,要求，,require,要求，,suggest,建议，以及这些词的名词形式。,Janes pale face suggested that she was ill,，,and her parents suggested that she(should)have,a medical examination.,简苍白的脸色表明她生病了，她父母建议她做一下医学检查。,(2)wish,后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。,表示对现在情况的虚拟：,wish,主语动词过去式或,were,表示对过去情况的虚拟：,wish,主语,had,过去分词,表示对将来情况的虚拟：,wish,主语,would,动词原形,I wish she were here.,她在这儿就好了。,I wish you would go with us tomorrow.,但愿你明天跟我们一块去。,I wish she had taken my advice.,那时她要是听我的话就好了。,1.(2010,福建卷,)Teachers recommend parents_their,children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.,A,not allow B,do not allow,C,mustnt allow D,couldnt allow,解析：,句意为：为了安全起见，老师建议家长不要让,12,岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。本题考查虚拟语气用法。,recommend,，,suggest,，,insist,，,order,，,request,，,advise,等表,“,建议、命令、要求,”,等意思的动词，后接宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语动词常用,“,should,动词原形,”,，,should,可以省略。,答案：,A,2,(2011,山东潍坊质量抽样,)The order came that the medical supplies _to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.,A,would be sent B,should send,C,be sent D,must be sent,解析：,当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词,(,如,order,，,suggest,，,command,等,),后面接从句时，从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语用,should,do,，,should,可以省略。,order,后的同位语从句也用虚拟语气，故选,C,项。,答案：,C,(1)would rather,句型中的虚拟语气表示愿望，意为,“,宁愿，但愿,”,。,Id rather we didnt go to see a film this evening.,我倒希望我们今晚不去看电影。,(2)It is(high/about)time(that),.,句型中的虚拟语气,在句型“,It is(high/about)time.”,后面也可跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用,“,should,动词原形,”,，意为,“,该是,的时候了,”,。,It is time(that)we went home.,我们该回家了。,(3)if only,引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气,在“,if only”,引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。用过去时或,“,would/could,动词原形,”,表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。,If only I had not been ill last week!,要是上周我没病该多好啊！,1.(2010,合肥第三次教学检测,)Sorry,，,Daddy.I,am not getting on well with my studies.,Well._you,hadnt wasted so much time playing online games.,A,As if B,Even if,C,If only D,Only if,解析：,考查虚拟语气。句意为：,爸爸，对不起，我的学习情况不太好。,哦，要是你不把那么多的时间浪费在网络游戏上就好了。,if only(,但愿,),接虚拟语气，表示对过去情况的假设。,as if,好像，,even if,即使，,only if,只有，都是状语从句的连词，不符合语意。,答案：,C,2.(2011,青岛一模,)My uncle suggests I_abroad,.,I would rather you_at,home.,A,go,；,stay B,went,；,stayed,C,go,；,stayed D,went,；,stay,解析：,suggest,当,“,建议,”,讲时，从句中要用虚拟语气，结构是,“,should,动词原形,”,，,should,可以省略。,would rather,后面跟从句时，从句中也要用虚拟语气，根据语境此处应用过去时。,答案：,C,1,(2010,湖南卷,)You_buy,a gift,，,but you can if you want to.,A,must B,mustnt,C,have to D,dont have to,解析：,句意为：你不必买礼物了，但是如果你愿意的话也可以买。本题考查情态动词。根据句意可知此处须用否定形式，故排除,A,、,C,项；,mustnt,表示禁止；,don,t have to,意为,“,不必,”,。,答案：,D,2,(2010,新课标全国卷,)Just be patient.You_expect,the world to change so soon.,A,cant B,neednt,C,may not D,will not,解析：,句意为：耐心点，你不能指望这个世界变得如此之快。本题考查情态动词。这里用,cant,表示,“,不能，不可以，不可能,”,。,needn,t,没有必要；,may not,可能不；,will not,将不，都不符合句意。,答案：,A,3,(2010,四川卷,)_I take the book out?,Im afraid not.,A,Will B,May,C,Must D,Need,解析：,句意为：,我可以把书带出去吗？,恐怕不能。本题考查情态动词。请求对方的允许时常使用,can,或,may,，故,B,为答案。,答案：,B,4,(2010,重庆卷,)You_park,here,！,Its an emergency exit.,A,wouldnt B,neednt,C,couldnt D,mustnt,解析：,句意为：你不可以在此停车！因为这是紧急通道。考查情态动词。,mustnt,表示,“,禁止,”,；,wouldn,t,表示,“,不会,”,；,needn,t,表示,“,不必,”,；,couldn,t,表示,“,不可能,”,。由语境得知，这里表示,“,禁止停车,”,，故选,D,。,答案：,D,5,(2010,辽宁卷,)Doctors say that exercise is important for health,，,but it_be,regular exercise.,A,can B,will,C,must D,may,解析：,句意为：医生说锻炼对健康很重要，但那必须是经常性的锻炼。本题考查情态动词。,A.,可能；,B.,将会；,C.,必须；,D.,可能。,答案：,C,6,(2010,天津卷,)Mark_have hurried.After,driving at top speed,，,he arrived half an hour early.,A,neednt B,wouldnt,C,mustnt D,couldnt,解析：,句意为：,Mark,本不必那么匆忙。他极速行驶，最后早到了半个小时。本题考查情态动词。,neednt have done,表示过去不必要做的事情却做了。,couldn,t have done,表示过去不可能做了,(,某事,),；,wouldn,t have done,用在表与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中；,mustn,t,表禁止，不用在此结构中。,答案：,A,7,(2010,陕西卷,)May I take this book out of the reading room?,No,，,you_.You,read it in here.,A,mightnt B,wont,C,neednt D,mustnt,解析：,句意为：,我可以把这本书带出阅览室吗？,不行，绝对不可以。你,(,只能,),在这里阅读。本题考查情态动词的用法。,mightnt,可能不；,will,表意愿或决心；,needn,t,不必；,mustn,t,用于说话者要某人不做某事，绝对不可以。例如：,You mustn,t leave the gate open.,你不要敞着大门。,答案：,D,8,(2010,江西卷,)I have told you the truth._ I keep repeating it?,A,Must B,Can,C,May D,Will,解析：,句意为：我已经告诉你实情了。非要我一遍遍重复吗？本题考查情态动词。,must,表示对方的行为使说话人不满或懊恼，意为,“,偏要,”,。,can,，,may,用在句首表请求或疑问。,答案：,A,9,(2010,浙江卷,)Had I known about this computer program,，,a huge amount of time and energy_.,A,would have been saved,B,had been saved,C,will be saved,D,was saved,解析：,句意为：如果我了解这种电脑程序的话，就可以节约大量的时间和精力。本题考查虚拟语气。如果表示与过去事实相反的话，条件句采用过去完成时态,(,如果省略,if,可采用部分倒装结构,),，主句谓语动词应采用,“,would,have,过去分词,”,的结构，故答案为,A,项。,答案：,A,10,(2010,陕西卷,)If we_the,other road,，,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.,A,take B,had taken,C,took D,have taken,解析：,句意为：如果我们走另一条路，我们可能早就按时到会了。本题考查的是虚拟语气。根据句意及后边主句谓语,might have arrived,可知,if,从句表示与过去事实相反，故,if,从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。,答案：,B,